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Computer simulation in presentation history. Presentation on the topic "computer models"

Model –

some simplified version of a real object

Real time original

may no longer exist, or

it doesn't exist in reality

Reasons for building models:

2. An original can have many properties and relationships. In order to study some property in depth, it is useful to abandon less significant ones, not taking them into account at all.

Reasons for building models:

3. The original is either very large or very small

4. The process is very fast or very slow

5. Exploration of an object can lead to its destruction

Modeling

The process of building models for the study and study of objects, processes, phenomena

The purpose of the simulation

Purpose of the future model. It defines those properties of the original that should be reproduced in the model.

Models

Informational

Material

(natural)

Physical similarity of an object

Description of the simulation object

Phenomena

Behavior

Processes

Objects

Thunderstorm
Earthquake

Economic
Development of the Universe

the globe
Toys
Layouts

SIMULATION NATURAL AND INFORMATIONAL

Full-scale models

Information Models

The photo

video film

Sculpture

modeling

Industrial

Medical

card

The properties of the model depend on the purpose of the simulation. Models of the same object will be different if they are created for different purposes.

Types information models

objects and processes

Verbal

Graphic

Mathematical

Tabular

Verbal description in natural language

Cards

Blueprints

Graphs

Counts

object object

property object

Binary

Other

Description in the language of mathematics

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

Verbal

information model- a set of information that characterizes the properties and states of an object, process, phenomenon, as well as their relationship with the outside world.

The same object can be associated with different information models (verbal, mathematical, tabular, graphic); it all depends on the purpose of the simulation.

Mathematical

Tabular

Graphic

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

Verbal

models

verbal model is a written or oral representation of an information model by means of a natural language.

Examples of verbal models:

information in textbooks
works of fiction
texts describing algorithms
textual description of objects and processes

Mathematical

Tabular

Graphic

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

Verbal

Mathematical model - description by mathematical formulas of the relationship between the quantitative characteristics of the object of modeling.

Examples of mathematical models:

model of rectilinear movement of the body

mathematical model of the oscillation period of a spring pendulum

Mathematical

models

Tabular

Graphic

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

Verbal

Tabular information model is a model in which objects or their properties are presented as a list, and their values are placed in the cells of a rectangular table.

Types of tabular models:

tables of type "object-property"
object-to-object tables

Mathematical

Tabular

models

Graphic

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

Verbal

Graphic information model is a visual way of representing objects and processes in the form of graphic images.

Examples of graphic information models:

Mathematical

Tabular

Graphic

models

diagram

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

Verbal

Mathematical

Tabular

map

Graphic

models

diagram

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

Verbal

Mathematical

Tabular

drawing

Graphic

models

diagram

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

Verbal

Mathematical

Tabular

scheme

Graphic

models

diagram

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

Verbal

Omnidirectional

g r a f

E l o v o

Art. Ozernaya

village Podgornaya

Mathematical

Relationship: "connection dear"

(symmetrical connections)

The elements of the system depicted by ovals are called peaks
Relationships between elements are called relations

edge– symmetrical connection
arc- asymmetrical connection

Oriented graph

Start top

Lev Nilych

Attitude:

"to be a grandfather"

Tabular

End peak

Graphic

models

graph

diagram

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

Verbal

Mathematical

Tabular

Graphic

models

diagram

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

TYPES OF INFORMATION MODELS

Verbal

Mathematical

Tabular

temperature chart

Graphic

models

schedule

diagram

An example of an "object-property" table

Database "Home Library"

TITLE

Belyaev A. R.

Amphibian Man

Kerwood D.

Turgenev I. S.

Rogues of the North

Novels and stories

Olesha Yu.K.

Favorites

Belyaev A. R.

Star CEC

Tynyanov Yu. N.

Tolstoy L.N.

Belyaev A. R.

Novels and stories

Favorites

An example of an object-to-object table

Database "Progress"

Alikin Petr

Botov Ivan

Volkov Ilya

Galkina Nina

Information Modeling Technique

Definition

modeling

Definition

informational

Building

informational

Systemic

object analysis

modeling

Homework

Teach: abstract in a notebook,

§ 13,

Create your own family tree (Graphic model)

What properties of real objects reproduce:

Models of products in the store; Dummy
Models of products in the store;
Dummy

Give an example of material and information models of the aircraft
Make up different models:

Human Straight Line Square
Square
direct line
Human

4. Build graphic model (schedule) Petya's academic performance for the year (in quarters) for the following subjects: physics, chemistry, algebra, geometry.

Petya's ratings:

physics - 5 4 4 5

chemistry - 3 4 3 4

algebra - 4 4 3 4

Computer modeling According to the method of implementation, information sign models are divided into computer and non-computer. A computer model is a model implemented by means of a software environment. Stages of modeling 1. Statement of the problem. 2. Model development. 3. Computer experiment. 4. Analysis of simulation results. Stage 1. Problem statement Description of the problem The purpose of modeling Object analysis Stage 2. Development of the model Information model Sign model Computer model Stage 3. Computer experiment Modeling plan Modeling technology Stage 4. Analysis of simulation results The results correspond to the goal The results do not correspond to the goal or problem) is formulated in plain language and the description should be understandable. The main thing at this stage is to determine the object of modeling and understand. What should be the result. Formulation of the goal of modeling The goals of modeling can be: knowledge of the surrounding world, creation of objects with specified properties (“how to do so that ...”), determining the consequences of the impact on the object and making the right decision (“what will happen if ...”), the effectiveness of object management ( process), etc. Analysis of the object At this stage, based on the general formulation of the problem, the modeled object and its main properties are clearly identified. Since in most cases the original object is a whole set of smaller components that are in some relationship, then the analysis of the object will imply the decomposition (dismemberment) of the object in order to identify the components and the nature of the relationships between them. Model development At this stage, properties, states and other characteristics of elementary objects are revealed, an idea is formed about the elementary objects that make up the original object, i.e. information model. Information model Sign model An information model, as a rule, is represented in one or another sign form, which can be either computer or non-computer. Computer model Exists a large number of software systems that allow research (modeling) of information models. Each environment has its own tools and allows you to work with certain types of information objects, which causes the problem of choosing the most convenient and efficient environment for solving the task. Computer experiment Simulation plan The simulation plan should reflect the sequence of work with the model. The first points in such a plan should be the development of a test and testing the model. Testing is the process of checking the correctness of the model. A test is a set of initial data for which the result is known in advance. If the test values do not match, it is necessary to look for and eliminate the cause. Modeling technology Modeling technology is a set of purposeful user actions on a computer model. Analysis of simulation results. The results correspond to the goal The results do not correspond to the goal In this case, the model itself is analyzed, modeling errors are searched for and corrected.

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

1 slide

Description of the slide:

COMPUTER MODELING A.N. Petrova, teacher of special disciplines, Rzhev College

2 slide

Description of the slide:

Initially, the topic "Mathematical Modeling" was chosen by me when the computer base of the subject "Informatics" consisted mostly of the Qbasic programming language. With the advent of modern PCs, this topic naturally moved into the topic of "Computer Simulation". With a concept computer simulation closely related names of models such as: mathematical model; economic model; simulation model; interactive; model of computer experiment; etc. And this is natural, since the computer and simulation are closely related to each other. In fact, every teacher, to one degree or another, is engaged in modeling.

3 slide

Description of the slide:

Omitting the theoretical calculations of the concept of models, we can give the following modeling scheme:

4 slide

Description of the slide:

The basis of varieties of computer models are such system concepts as image, sign, characteristics. modeled object (substitute object) Image Sign Characteristics signs, the language of mathematical formulas - mathematical modeling, the language of chemical formulas, etc.) Information models: models using a set of characteristics

5 slide

Description of the slide:

Depending on the behavior and state, the models can be: Animated (computer animation); Simulation: imitating movement imitating the process of solving a problem using random numbers(Monte Carlo method) Interactive (models to which an interface is added - communication between a computer and a PC user).

6 slide

Description of the slide:

For the most part, we are dealing with mixed models. This, first of all, is connected with the purpose of modeling, which, in turn, determines one or another degree of formalization of the modeling object. For example: ...we model graphic object–“CIRCLE” - Using the Fill tool, we get the model “BALL”

7 slide

Description of the slide:

The environment in which the models “live” can be different. In this case, the model also acquires a different version. For example, the same models as Paint or Word objects (autoshapes), in the Qbasic environment, as programming objects can be transformed from the simplest animation model of a moving ball into a simulation-animation model of the structure of our solar system or a simulation-animation model of the structure atom or Brownian motion (depending on the purpose of modeling). MODEL AS AN OBJECT OF THE ENVIRONMENT

8 slide

Description of the slide:

Having mastered the algorithm for simulating the movement of graphic primitives Qdasic DVIG.BAS, students continue to model with great interest, creating more and more complex simulation models. At the same time, there is an increase in interest in the programming language, in its deeper study: (organization of cycles with simultaneous reproduction of previous program structures. Changing parameters, selecting movement trajectories, the student is actively working on numerous calculations. I will give examples of some works of the second year of studying programming (7 cells) cvetfr4.bas, cvetfr6.bas, skv318.bas

9 slide

Description of the slide:

Pupils who got acquainted in the lower grades with the techniques of simulation-animation computer modeling do not weaken their interest in this topic in the upper grades. There is an interest in illustration models with imitation of the sound of a typewriter and the use of text functions ALEKS.bas, the first steps are being taken to create interactive models in the dialogue mode PavelM1.bas

10 slide

Description of the slide:

For almost every computational problem of a particular topic, I try without fail, after setting the problem, before algorithmization, to proceed to the construction of a mathematical model of the problem, for example, on the topic “One-dimensional arrays. Finding a mini-max. Fixing the index” Mathematical model of the problem “SEARCHING MIN/MAX IN A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY” n – the number of elements in the array А A(i) – an element of the array А(i) i=1,n; A(i) = RND*100 MIN - minimum element of array A; IMIN - index (position) of the minimum element in array A; MAX - maximum element of array A; IMAX - index (position) of the maximum element in array A; A(1), initially MIN = A(i) if A(i)< MIN, для i=1,n; 1, первоначально IMIN = i, если A(i) < MIN, для i=1,n; A(1), первоначально MAX = A(i), если A(i) >MAX, for i=1,n; 1, initially IMAX = i if A(i) > MAX, for i=1,n;

11 slide

Description of the slide:

On topics related to two-dimensional arrays, in addition to the usual mathematical models of problems, students, under my guidance, create interactive animation demo versions of problems such as “CAR”, “Luggage storage”, models that are from typical information models (characteristics of the type Value, Name), with the addition of a description of the behavior and interface, become the above-mentioned models (KAMBAG.bas, VAGVAG.bas). On the same topics: interactive models “Solution of the system linear equations matrix method (Gauss method)”, “Material identification by Young's modulus”).

12 slide

Description of the slide:

The topic “Generation of random numbers” is well illustrated by solving the problems: “Calculation of the number π” and “Calculation of the area of an arbitrary figure” with the creation of a simulation model of the solution.

13 slide

Description of the slide:

For this task, students can perform a competitive work on modeling a simulation model of a graphic mini-editor to create an arbitrary figure, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich must be determined. LITKIN On the topic “Sound and graphics”, a large number of animation models were created under my supervision. These developments were demonstrated at one of the open lessons. There was a non-standard lesson “Conference of Young Professionals”. The mathematical model "Method of approximate extraction of roots" was applied for the city scientific and practical conference(3rd place) Good results are obtained when modeling in the PowerPoimt environment: intensifying the study of working with objects in this environment; improving the skills of model formalization. link Nadia While getting acquainted with the graphic editor Paint, the student can get acquainted with the construction of a complex model, composing, for example, a complex drawing with repeating primary simple objects(cutting, copying, rotating…).

14 slide

Description of the slide:

Paint design --- a kind of modeling (Professor Makarova N. V.) modeling

15 slide

Description of the slide:

16 slide

Description of the slide:

The lessons of modeling fragments of pages with built-in animation objects turn out to be interesting. For example, after an integrated school lesson in the 9th grade “Introduction to the electronic encyclopedia of astronomy”, students were taught how to model various pages: “What do we know about the Moon?”; “Planets of the solar system and their satellites”; “Planets in numbers” Mass; Diameter; surface temperature; The length of a sidereal day; Orbital period. "Comets"; And etc.

17 slide

Description of the slide:

Modeling the page "What do we know about the Moon?" (in PowerPoint) The Earth's shadow near the Moon has a larger angular size than that of the Moon, so the Moon's crossing of this shadow can take tens of minutes. First, the barely visible penumbra of the Earth touches the Moon on the left (for an observer on the Moon, standing in the penumbra, the Sun is partially blocked by the Earth). The crossing of the penumbra by the Moon lasts about an hour, after which the shadow touches the Moon (for the same observer on the Moon, in the shadow, the Sun is completely blocked by the Earth). Box  Movies and Sound

18 slide

Description of the slide:

Modeling in the Excel environment Excel tables is an ideal tool for mathematical modeling, as it quickly and skillfully performs labor-intensive work on the calculation and recalculation of the quantitative characteristics of the object or process under study. Modeling in spreadsheets is carried out according to the general scheme, which distinguishes four main stages: problem statement, model development, computer experiment and analysis of results. For example, the problem “Solution of linear equations by the method inverse matrix” Problem statement: Solving a system of linear equations by the specified method Modeling - selection of the necessary formulas for solving the problem by the inverse matrix method and algorithmization of the problem (formalization of the problem). Computer experiment - testing the problem with different input data. Analysis of the results obtained - whether a solution was found that satisfies the condition of the problem

19 slide

Description of the slide:

This task, according to the classification of Professor A. N. Makarova, can be attributed to tasks that have the following generalized formulation: what kind of impact should be made on the object so that its parameters satisfy a certain given condition. This group of tasks is often referred to as "how to do to ...". This group of tasks includes such tasks that I have already tested on Excel computer workshops of previous years of study, such as “Solving a system of linear equations with the Search for solutions tool”, “Modeling the recognition of a situation where a point hits a X,Y coordinates into a given area using conditional formatting and diagramming”, “Modeling objects (house, chess) in Excel using cell formatting and a simple macro”, “Solving systems of nonlinear equations using the Search for solutions method”, “Modeling the recognition of intervals of a function in which the function does not determined”

20 slide

Description of the slide:

Currently I am working on interactivity modeling in Word environment, on animation models in Excel circle/bubble, on surface modeling in Excel environment, using trigonometric functions in diagr, on mathematical modeling of logical functions, using SDNF and SKNF, mat. modeling of logical inference, logical functions according to combinational circuits of Gost (elements of Webb, Schaeffer of fragments

21 slide

Description of the slide:

Hypertext modeling Hypertext (non-linear text) is the organization of textual information, in which the text is a set of fragments with explicitly indicated associative links between these fragments. An associative link between fragments is called a hyperlink, which can be written explicitly using a special language hypertext markup HTML documents(Hyper Text Markup language) or by declaring a hyperlink in a particular application (PowerPoint, Word) One of the promising areas for the development of hypertext systems is hypermedia technology - a combination of hypertext technology and multimedia technology (integration of text, graphics, sound, video). Examples of developing hypermedia applications are various electronic editions- reference books, encyclopedias, training programs.

22 slide

Description of the slide:

Modeling the "What We Know About the Moon" Page in Word 2000 Professional Highlight Word  Insert  Hyperlink...

23 slide

Description of the slide:

Modeling with Hyper Text Markup Language Let it be necessary to develop a document model in which the structure of tasks can be immediately demonstrated by their implementation in the environment required for them, for example, in Excel. To do this, you can choose the simplest text editor Notepad (Notepad), enter text using descriptors with appropriate parameters Close the working window of the Notepad application with the extension .htm This will change the document into an icon Internet Explorer When the “head HTM-text” is launched, work with tasks will be implemented via a chain of hyperlinks

24 slide

Description of the slide:

In the above material, the most striking developments in modeling were demonstrated in order to teach schoolchildren the skills of modeling in various environments of the subject "INFORMATICS", i.e. category of computer modeling "MODEL AS AN OBJECT OF THE ENVIRONMENT": Model as an object of programming; Model as object word processor word; Model as object spreadsheet processor excel; Model as object graphic editor paint; Model as a file with HTML code; Model as a PowerPoint Object

25 slide

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TARGET SIMULATION Research work on computer modeling conducted with one or another student (or group) involves guidance, assistance and control over a complex set of preliminary work related to target computer modeling: Analysis of the Statement of the problem, description of the problem Development of a clear main goal of modeling; Formalization of the task and, as a consequence, the development of clear intermediate goals. Often the goals (main and intermediate) are answers to clarifying questions in accordance with the problem statement; Analysis and study of various possible simulation environments, comparison of their advantages and disadvantages in order to make a final decision on the choice of simulation environment; Computer simulation with repeated testing of the model Choice of model presentation method

26 slide

Description of the slide:

Target modeling, depending on the set and intermediate goals, the novelty of the material and its volume, can be very long in terms of its execution time. For example, computer simulation of a teaching electronic manual"Working in a standard Windows applications Paint”, made by a student Vladimir Mashkovtsev (11th grade 2003/2004) and submitted to the city practical conference in 2004. (3rd place) lasted one year and included the following set of works:

27 slide

Description of the slide:

I stage. Problem statement (formal): Development of an electronic manual for working in a graphic Paint editor. The first basic requirement: simplicity and ease of use of the electronic manual. Formalization of the task: The modeling prototype must meet modern requirements for the development of an electronic manual - it must be based on the use of hyperlinks, have either a standard Web design or its own (unique), have the property of interactivity The user must be able to simultaneously use the electronic manual and the Paint graphics editor (type of manual “ Read  Did”). The interface of the manual must comply with the requirements of transition to any structural part of the manual and return to the starting point; The points of transitions and returns must carry a clear, unambiguous load. Stage II. Modeling in accordance with the formalization of the task in the markup language of hypertext HTML III stage. Multiple computer experiment (model debugging) Stage IV. Analysis of results. "Running" of the electronic manual at the basic and optional lessons of informatics (the Manual has received universal recognition).

30 slide

Description of the slide:

II. Technical 0.5 academic year acquisition of skills in working with video equipment; acquisition of skills in preparing scenario plans; acquisition of skills in digitization of footage, verification in practice; acquisition of skills for creating a scenario image; acquisition of assembly skills II. Technical 0.5 academic year acquisition of skills in working with video equipment; acquisition of skills in preparing scenario plans; acquisition of skills in digitization of footage, verification in practice; acquisition of skills for creating a scenario image; acquiring installation skills

Description of the slide:

Stage III (working) included all other stages of modeling: simulation, computer experiment (debugging of the model) and, finally, analysis of the results. The duration of work on the video project was two academic years. The work was twice announced at the city scientific-practical conference (2003/2004 academic year - 3rd place; 2004/2005 academic year - 1st place). The interactive video project was timed to coincide with the anniversary (400 years) of the Nilo Stolobenskaya Hermitage monastery, was called the "Island of Spiritual Consolation" and was shown on school lessons Orthodox Culture

33 slide

Description of the slide:

Brief conclusions: Computer and simulation are closely related to each other. The basis of varieties of computer models are such system concepts as image, sign, characteristics. Depending on the behavior and state, the models can be animated (computer animation), simulation (imitating movement, simulating real computing process, replacing it with a process based on pseudo-random numbers (Monte Carlo method), interactive (models in which an interface is added - communication between a computer and a PC user). The environment in which the models “live” can be different. In this case, the model also acquires a different version. computer modeling is a very fertile ground, because it opens up a huge creative potential of children and, once having planted sparks of computer creativity in them, one can expect good results in the future of children (Vova Fedorov, Alyosha Semenov, Igor Ogarev, Sasha Katkov, Anya Yudashkina, Yura Nikitin, Suvorov Roman, Pavel Alekseev, Volodya Mashkovsky, Seryozha Polozov, Sasha Korolevskiy, Sysolyatina Nadya, Seryozha Mikhailov, etc.). Computer simulation can also be viewed as powerful tool motivation for learning and self-learning in the subject of Informatics, as it encourages students to independently search for deeper knowledge in this area and apply them in practice in the process of numerous computer experiments. As a result - repeated prize-winning places at the city Olympiads in Informatics and city scientific and practical conferences.

34 slide

Description of the slide:

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Computer simulation in presentation history. Presentation on the topic "computer models"

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