Message about the technical device TV. Who invented the TV, creating the first color TV

Scholars may know most of the names and occupations of these people - John Logie Baird, Boris Lvovich Rosing, Vladimir Kozmich Zvorykin, Semyon Isidorovich Kataev, Konstantin Dmitrievich Persky, Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkov, Kenjiro Takayanagi, Philo Taylor Farnsworth. These surnames are most often heard when it comes to who invented the television.

They worked on new technologies different years and even eras and on different continents, but each individually made a significant contribution to the realization of the idea of ​​transmitting visual information using technical means.

Who was the inventor of the first mechanical television

The electronic telescope is the name given to his invention by the German engineer-inventor Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkov. In 1884 he took out a patent. The principle of operation of the device, which is now fixed as the first television set, was based on the reception of light signals and their mechanical scanning using a projection transducer (Nipkow disk).

The device created by Nipkow is not a television as such, but nevertheless it is an important component that gave impetus to the development of mechanical television. By the beginning of the 20th century, several more scientists patented their kinescopes (Karl Braun, Max Dieckmann).

In 1925, the Scotsman John Logie Baird, who picked up Nipkow's idea, organized a public demonstration in London of a television image of a silhouette in motion. A year later, a presentation with a human face took place. And in 1927, the inventor carried out for the first time in world history a broadcast signal transmission between Glasgow and London.

But the age of television mechanics could not be long, the era of electronic television began.

Who Invented the Electronic TV

What until recently seemed like a fantastic goal has become more and more a reality every year. Russian physicists and engineers could not but contribute to the invention. The first to come up with a new approach to television communications, became a physicist, teacher at St. Petersburg Technological University Boris Lvovich Rozing. He began his research by setting a new vector - he introduced an inertialess electron beam into the television system.

B. L. Rosing can be considered the founder of the electronic TV, because he did not use mechanical parts. His system was recognized in Europe and supported in 1907 by a patent. A few years later, the physicist-inventor presented a prototype of a kinescope, and the demonstration of an image with its help was recorded in the history of technology as the first telecast of electronic television. It happened in 1911.

But until the most important development, with which mass production will begin, it took decades. Rosing's idea of ​​using a cathode ray tube was further developed by his student Vladimir Kozmich Zvorykin. After the October Revolution, the Russian engineer emigrated to America, where he continued to work. The result of his work was a patent for an iconoscope - that's what the author called it, and under this name the device got into mass production. The first model was sold in 1928 for $75 and showed obscure silhouettes.

Regular TV broadcasting was launched first in the US, then in Europe. By the mid-1930s, broadcasting was carried out in the VHF band. The TV receiver model was improved by scientists from other countries. The correct answer to the question in what year the television was invented will also be 1937, when the British released a model with a kinescope. In mass production, the TV in the USSR appeared a little later.

The first attempts to master television broadcasting technologies were made in the Soviet Union at the beginning of the 20th century. At first, devices were produced based on the Nipkow disk (the one who invented the first mechanical method of image transmission) with a 3x4 cm screen, then they mastered the electronic principle.

In 1932, the Leningraders launched the production of television receivers (the Komintern plant produced 3,000 pieces). The device was called "B-2", was of a mechanical type, but was not an independent device: it had to be connected to a radio receiver.

Soviet engineers relied on mechanical televisions, which led to technological stagnation. However, regular television broadcasting (3 channels) in the country of the Soviets began in the pre-war period - in 1938. The KVN television is considered the most massive, but its production began only in the post-war years. The first Soviet color TV with sequential transmission of color fields (“Rainbow”) was an analogue of the American TV set, which was outdated by that time.

Who invented color television

Work on the ability to transmit an image in color took place in parallel with the evolution of televisions. With the advent of mechanical television, engineers began to make attempts to make the transmission of a picture of high quality, close to reality. Back in 1908, the Soviet engineer O. Adamyan patented the invented 2-color device.

A breakthrough in the development of color signal transmission was the invention of the above-mentioned Scot D. Brad. The device, which he assembled in 1928, could transmit 3 consecutive images using filters (blue, green and red).

Color television only took off after World War II. The United States was the least affected by the hostilities, so it quickly rebuilt defense production facilities for civilian production. The US radio-electronic industry began to use decimeter radio bands; 3 transmitting tubes were used for color separation. The search for the most acceptable signal transmission system went on for a long time. It was only in 1951 that regular color broadcasting began, which was carried out by 5 CBS television stations.

In the USSR, on November 7, 1952, after searching for and developing a similar standard, a trial broadcast was conducted by the Leningrad Television Center. A year later, regular broadcasting began on Shabolovka in Moscow.

The most interesting facts

Among those who created the television is the Japanese Kenjiro Takayanagi. His role is that already in 1927 he demonstrated an apparatus with a resolution of 100 lines, and in 1928 he was the first to convey people's faces in halftones.

The world's first serial TV receiver Visionette ("Vizhnett") was mechanical with a 45-line scan.

Serial production of electrovacuum devices was established in 1934 in Germany. The cheapest model from Telefunken with a diagonal of 30 cm cost $445.

Soviet people could make a TV set on their own. The instruction was printed in the Radio Front magazine, it was only necessary to switch the radio to another frequency.

The KVN-49 TV, which became the most popular in the Soviet Union, was sold at a price that was equivalent to 2 average salaries. The device was unreliable, so it soon acquired a popular nickname, wits deciphered the abbreviation as “Bought, Turned on, Doesn’t work”.

When was television invented, there was also a television advertisement. The Bulova Watch Company video lasted only 10 seconds, the customer paid $9.

Today, television is a significant part of the life of a modern person. The TV quickly took root in homes, despite the fact that it was invented less than a hundred years ago. Of course, the miracle of technology that we have now, initially looked and was arranged quite differently. How it all began, who invented the TV, in what year and in what country it happened, we will consider in this article.

Which scientist was the first to invent television?

People have always wanted to learn how to capture moments from their lives. Experiments with image transmission began in the Middle Ages. Then the camera obscura was invented, which made it possible to convert light into an optical pattern.

We can safely say that each invention of the above scientists contributed to the creation of a television apparatus, therefore it is impossible to single out only one inventor of the television.

The first patent from Vladimir Zworykin

A kinescope served as a part for creating a TV. It's a converter electrical signals into light. The very first was created in 1895 by Karl Brown. Until 1990, TV and computer monitors were made exclusively on the basis of a kinescope.

The basis for the creation of the TV set was the Nipkow Disk. The Scot John Baird used the idea of ​​Paul Nipkow and, based on his invention, was able to display the picture on the television screen. The first television broadcast took place in 1926 in the UK. It was such a success that after it Baird's company began manufacturing televisions for sale. There was no sound in the device, and the image was fuzzy, however, this was already television.

An American engineer of Russian origin Vladimir Zworykin patented his electronic television system in 1932. Zworykin became the "father" of the first electronic, that is, a modern television suitable for practical use.

The principle of operation of the very first TV

Baird's apparatus worked on the basis of the Nipkow Disk and looked like a huge rotating disk with holes. The first television receivers had tiny screens, like

attachments - 3x4 cm. The spiral rotated, moving the perforation, thereby dividing the image into lines. The lines were combined into a single picture on the screen. The Nipkow disk did not make it possible to make a screen even the size of a standard photograph - for this, the size of the disk had to be about two meters in diameter. The television signal was broadcast on medium and long waves - this made it possible to transmit the image over long distances.

The principle of electronic television proposed by Zworykin did not limit the size of the screen, but limited the frequency of the signal. Television signals were broadcast at a distance of less than ten meters. Zworykin's TV was based on his other patented inventions - the iconoscope and the kinescope. At the end of the 1920s, the whole world was covered by the implementation of television broadcasting.

First color TV

The inventors thought about transmitting a picture in the form in which a person sees the world around him after the first successful experience with television broadcasting. Simultaneously with the implementation of the transmission of black and white images, the idea of ​​color television was developed. The first experiment was carried out by the same John Baird. He inserted a three-color filter into his TV, through which the images alternately passed.

In 1900, Alexander Polumordvinov applied for a patent for the first color three-component television system. One of his ideas was to combine the Nipkow Disc with light filters of different colors.

The first true color television was produced in the United States in the 1920s. Almost anyone could buy a device on credit.

TV production in the USSR

The first television broadcast in the Soviet Union took place on April 29, 1931. But the first television came later, as the authorities put more emphasis on radio broadcasting, which they thought was more suitable for propaganda. The radio was more accessible, in each house a special radio socket was made during construction.

Nipkow's paper discs were commercially available. Soviet craftsmen mastered the principle of assembling television receivers. Schemes for assembling home-made TVs were published in the Radiofront magazine. You could assemble the TV yourself in the following way:

1. A perforated cardboard disk was combined with a neon lamp to provide signal reception and image formation on a small screen.
2. In order for the image to be accompanied by sound, a radio receiver was connected to the television receiver. Sound and picture were fed separately from each other.

The disadvantage of such a TV was that, due to the low sensitivity of the photocell, the image had to be rescanned for several minutes.

Color TVs in the USSR

As an experiment, on November 7, 1952, Leningrad television broadcast a TV show with a color image. Four years later, the same television center began releasing color films. They have high image quality, but a small viewing angle.

Screen backlight type:

• backlit fluorescent lamp cold cathode (CCFL).
• So LED backlight(). They consume little power and have a clear image with good contrast.
• Illuminated by quantum dots (QLED).

In addition to these criteria, TVs differ in screens. There are plasma screens and projection screens. Projection are divided into kinescope, laser, liquid crystal and micromirror. All of them work with front or rear projection, that is, the image is fed to the screen through a projector or a translucent screen (rear projection).

The most modern model– MicroLED monitors. In 2019, she only demonstrated a TV with such a screen.

In conclusion

Television has come a long way to come to us in the form it has now. It would seem that there is nowhere to transform television, because we already have good sound and clear color image. Despite this, work on TVs does not stop, and every year companies release more advanced models.

Mankind has been moving towards the implementation of the tempting idea of ​​transmitting visual information over distances by means of technical means for a very long time. The fundamental basis for the implementation of this idea was laid by the American scientist Smith, who discovered the phenomenon of the photoelectric effect (this happened in 1873). In 1888 A.G. Stoletov advanced this theory and established the laws of the external photoelectric effect.

Long way to a fantastic goal

He contributed to the development of this direction A.S. Popov- a famous Russian inventor of radio communications. Asking the question of who invented the television, one cannot fail to mention Professor B.L. Rosing, who worked at the St. Petersburg Technological University. In 1907, this scientist developed a system of "cathode telescoping": it reproduced an image using a cathode ray tube. And only in 1911, under laboratory conditions, it was possible to carry out the very first television broadcast, produced according to the above principle. It took many years for the invention to leave the walls of the laboratory and be put into practice. So, the creation of the first TV set in the world was carried out, so to speak, in a number of stages.

German engineer Nipkow

In fairness, it should be noted the successes of Paul Nipkow, who back in 1884 filed a patent for an “electronic telescope”: this engineer from Berlin managed to decompose the image into elements (the principle worked at the time of transmission and reception of light signals, and the device itself with a special converter was called Nipkow disk). Such a projection device could perform a mechanical scan, but over time it fell into disuse, as the era of electronic television began. Based on the foregoing, it is difficult to answer the question of when the first TV was created.

Technology Development

Rosing's follower was his student who emigrated to the USA - VC. Zworykin. It is believed that this person developed the very first TV- the iconoscope, which mankind began to use en masse.

The model was sold for $75, the equivalent of two months' average wages for an American worker. The year of creation of this sample, which showed the eye only the play of shadows and vague silhouettes, is 1928. Meanwhile, as a result of the intellectual efforts of the British, the next model equipped with a kinescope came out (this happened only in 1937). Perhaps, this is all the information on the topic of interest to many of us “the creator of the TV”.

massive box

Note that Zworykin's model, called the RCS TT-5, was an overall device with a very tiny screen, the size of which was only 5 inches diagonally. Speaking about the first domestic television, we state the following fact: mechanical television systems existed in the vastness of the USSR longer than abroad. In the West, the electronic direction in the production of such equipment was introduced somewhat earlier. So, now you know what the first TV was, which was very different from the modern one.

The development of television played a significant role in all socio-political events of the 20th century and directly contributed to the overall scientific and technological progress. The huge contribution of researchers to the creation of new ways to quickly transmit high-quality images has led to the creation modern computers and means of mobile communications.

Now almost every phone can be used to communicate via video with minimal image delay. However, just a hundred years ago, the statements of researchers about their successes could raise doubts about their mental adequacy.

It is difficult to say who created the first TV in the world. The invention of television was made possible by a combination of successful research conducted in the 19th and 20th centuries. Based on these studies, various image transmission systems have been developed.

Prerequisites for the advent of television

The purpose of the first image transmission devices was purely practical. Such devices gained fame only when the device was used by the police to transmit a portrait of a criminal.

It is impossible to determine exactly in what year the first TV was created and the process of technology development was launched. Fantasts begin to anticipate its appearance long before the release of the first working models. It was possible to achieve the result only thanks to the huge number of discoveries and inventions carried out in the world at the same time.

In 1880, the scientist Porfiry Bakhmetiev proposed promising technology image transmission over distances. It was proposed to decompose the picture into its constituent elements and feed it to the receiver in the form of separate signals; and then using a special device to assemble together.

Perhaps the first television set was created in 1884. Then Paul Nipkow invented a device for scanning an image and then displaying it on a screen.

The so-called "Nipkow disk" is covered with holes in a spiral arrangement on the surface. Through them, the lens transmitted light - only one point, with the help of one lamp. That was enough for Nipkow's device. The accelerated rotation of the disk caused the spots of light to merge into a single image. This technology works due to the inertial feature of the perception of the human eye, the ability to add the residual glow perceived by the eye into a single picture.

The disk had a significant drawback - it gave too small an image. In order for the first televisions to create a picture with an area of ​​\u200b\u200bno more than the surface of a matchbox, a “Nipkow disk” was required, reaching 40 centimeters in diameter.

This technology has not received widespread distribution and has not entered the ordinary life of citizens. It wasn't until 1924 that the eccentric scientist John Logie Baird made public his working model of the first mechanical television built using the Nipkow disc.

The system gave an image at a speed of 5 frames per second, in 30 columns. The researcher was encouraged and invested in the further development of the project. In the following years, the frame rate was increased, and color image transmission technology was added. Baird was the one who invented the television in its mechanical variation and made significant contributions to other areas of research.

The developments of John Byrd were most actively used in the USA until 1936. Beginning in 1937, the mechanical television was completely supplanted electronic systems image transmission. Baird made a huge contribution to the history of the development of television and actively contributed to the dissemination of technical achievements in this area. After mechanical television fell into disuse, Baird contributed to the evolution of electronic television systems. In particular, back in 1939 he demonstrated the ability of cathode ray tubes to transmit a color image, and in 1944 he introduced an electronic color screen of his own design.

Invention and use of the CRT

To understand how television is arranged, it is worth starting with ELP. An electron gun is a special projector that sends beams of electrons to a receiving device. The electron gun scans a photosensitive target. The target is saving electric charges obtained from the image projected onto it.

The use of the electron gun to transmit images played a large role in the development of television.

IMPORTANT! The cathode is an electrode, a conductor of electricity, which is part of the design of the electron gun. A photocathode is a negatively charged cathode. A photocathode is made using light-sensitive compounds that conduct electricity well. When a photon, or quantum of light, hits the photocathode, electrons are released. The principle of operation is based on the external photoelectric effect, the discovery of which is attributed to Heinrich Hertz. A photocathode differs from a conventional cathode in a high quantum yield of photoelectrons per absorbed photon.

In the 1850s, cathode rays were discovered. These electron beams propagate light from the cathode emitter due to the accelerated transfer of electrons to the phosphors.

Phosphors are special substances that have the ability to absorb and give off light. Phosphors react to light not because of the accompanying heat, but due to the reaction to the absorbed electronic energy. The technique of interaction of cathode radiation with phosphors subsequently began to be actively used in electron-beam devices. Phosphors are applied from the inside onto a transparent tube. The tube receives energy from the cathode emitter and begins to glow. This technology used to create different types television tubes and other types of cathode-ray devices.

most famous and popular device electron beam type - kinescope.

Until the 90s of the last century, this cathode ray tube was widely used in the production of monitors. The kinescope converts the received electrical signals into light. It has an electromagnetic deflection type. The beam, appearing on the surface covered with a phosphor, causes a glow and forms part of the final picture.

The prototype of the kinescope was created by Boris Rosing in 1911.

Rosing was the one who came up with the rationale for the principle of operation of the CRT and demonstrated how an image can be transmitted by progressive transmission of light. However, Vladimir Zworykin is considered to be the real inventor of television.

In 1923, while in the United States, he created a patent application for a television that works only on electronic principle. In 1929, the first kinescope designed by Zworykin appeared - a high-vacuum tube for receiving images. In 1931 Zworykin patented the iconoscope, a special transmitting tube. The origins of the creation of the iconoscope go back to the experiments of 1911, conducted under the direction of Rosing. Zworykin was engaged in the development of tubes with electrostatic focusing. They were a fresh alternative to German devices that carried out "gas" focusing.

In the 1940s, Zworykin initiated color television of the kind that would conquer the world for the next half century. He divided the light beam into green, blue and red. We can assume that it was Zworykin who invented the TV in its modern form.

In 1933, the Kozitsky plant launched the production of serial B-2 televisions. The Leningrad-made product had a wooden case and a screen size of 4x3.

On the case there were regulators that controlled the pulse frequency, amplitude and motor. The built-in motor set the rotation of the Nipkow disk. This model was a relatively small application to the radio. Sound reception could only occur when another device was connected to receive radio waves, configured to operate on a different frequency.

The first television sets in the USSR, the B-2, sold out quickly, despite the significant price of 235 rubles. Models were often offered to be assembled on their own from a purchased set of parts.

The development of electronic televisions in the USSR began in the 1930s. In parallel with Zworykin, a Soviet citizen Kataev Semyon filed a patent application for a kinescope.

Kataev's electromagnetic tubes had a magnetic focusing principle. The design of such a tube was simpler, because the focus system was located outside the instrument. Focus on such tubes was transmitted using magnetic coils. It was not until the 1970s that tubes with electrostatic focusing were comparable in quality to Kataev's tubes. The qualitative lag was due to the fact that tubes with magnetic focusing, unlike tubes with electrostatic focusing, used all the current coming from the cathode.

In 1936, the supericonoscope device, or the Shmakov-Timofeev tube, saw the light. Two researchers, after whom the device is named, invented a special design of the device. The tube used an electron-optical method to transfer the image from the photocad to the target. The so-called "secondary emission" forced the metals to actively release electrons during the enhanced bombardment of their surface by the primary particle flow. This technology made it possible to accumulate a charge and project electrons onto a target.

The supericonoscope was so effective and popular that British and German companies wanted to produce similar products. They applied for a patent, but the Soviet Committee for Inventions denied it.

When television became color

When did color televisions appear? The beginning of three-component television broadcasting can be noted in 1900. The idea was proposed by engineer Alexander Polumordvinov. And in 1925, a Soviet inventor of Armenian origin, Hovhannes Adamyan, received a patent for a three-component television system using the Nipkin disk.

In this system, the green color was obtained by matrixing directly on the TV. Two types of signals were received: red and blue. The idea was adopted by the Americans and on its basis, by the 40th year, a convenient and practical television system appeared.

After the Second World War, Americans began to dynamically develop color for civilian needs. The first color televisions produced very dark pictures and were astronomically priced. Color was achieved by combining three kinescopes in one apparatus at once. In each of them, the phosphor shone in a separate color.

To create a working model of a color TV and accessories for it, Baird used a kinescope with three electron guns and a mosaic phosphor.

His system was called Telechrome. Electrons from each spotlight went to a layer with a phosphor of a separate color.

The American company RCA made a great contribution to the development of television. American developments in this area have supported many scientists. In the 50s of the XX century, RCA contributed to the creation of:

• deltoid technology. by the most effective way to direct the electron beams turned out to be a "shadow grating" - the invention of Werner Flehig. Also referred to as "shadow masking", the technology is still in use today. Invar metal mesh has light-transmitting holes round shape. The smaller the distance between elements of the same color, the greater the resolution of the device.
• In addition, the aperture grille has become widespread. Light is applied to a phosphor organized into thin .

IMPORTANT! The first color TV in the USSR, which received mass distribution - "Rubin-401". Was released in 1967. Before him, color TVs were very rare and were not produced in series.

Progress does not stand still

The basis of the most common:

• Liquid crystal matrix. Liquid crystals were discovered at the end of the 19th century. Crystals fill a gap in a package of glass or polymer panels.
• plasma matrix. Cells filled with gas. Located between glass surfaces facing each other.

IN currently holographic television is being developed. But before the completion of work on this project and the widespread distribution of the final versions of the projectors is still far away.

Now there is a TV in every home, but attempts to transmit the image and sound over a distance were crowned with success not so long ago. Sound transmission became possible after the discovery of radio waves and the invention of radio, but electromagnetic radiation, which allow you to broadcast images, were tamed later, let's find out who invented the TV.

The essence of television broadcasting is converting light waves into electrical signals with subsequent transmission of electrical signals over a communication channel and decoding information in the reverse order - from electrical impulses to pictures.

The inventor of the camera obscura back in the Middle Ages was able to turn light into an optical pattern. And the transformation of light into electricity became possible with discovery chemical element selena in 1817. It was possible to practically use the properties of the “lunar” mineral in 1839. The first step towards television was taken. Idea inverse transformation electrical signal to light was implemented in 1856 when I. G. Geisler invented the inertial tube, which converted electricity into an optical image using a conductor gas.

In 1875, Bostonian George Carey introduced first TV prototype– a mosaic structure consisting of gas discharge tubes. Almost simultaneously, in the period from 1877 to 1880, three scientists from different countries published a scheme involving serial transmission of signals. Among them was our compatriot - Porfiry Ivanovich Bakhmetiev, the inventor of the "telephotographer". The Russian scientist presented a completely achievable idea, according to which, before transmission, the image was divided into separate parts, and after receiving it was restored into a single picture. In 1889 Professor Stoletov invented the photoelectric cell., after which, in 1907, B. L. Rosing created the patented principle of inverse conversion of electrical signals into an image using a cathode ray tube. Since then, this invention has been actively used in the design of the television apparatus. Without Boris Rosing, who was able to get a picture consisting of dots and shapes, the appearance of the first electronic television apparatus would have been impossible.

Vladimir Zworykin

After summing up theoretical basis, which gives an understanding of the essence of phenomena and the possibility of controlling signals of different nature, as well as the emergence of a number of inventions, the world has approached the emergence of special devices, intended for television broadcast.

There is no single answer to the question of who is considered the inventor of the television. Attempts to implement the process of converting light waves into electrical waves with subsequent restoration optical image undertaken by various scientists and inventors.

In 1884 German scientist Paul Nipkow created the first device for opto-mechanical beam sweep- the so-called "Nipkow Disk". In fact, the instrument was an electronic telescope reading the image line by line.

Using the idea of ​​a talented German student, John Logi Baird was able to get picture on the screen of the receiver. January 26, 1926 members of the Royal Institution of Great Britain observed for the first broadcast. Despite the fact that the image was very generalized and fuzzy, and there was no sound, it was still television. The scientist was not deprived of a commercial vein: Byrd's company began producing televisions.

The first kinescope was invented by Karl Brown. Subsequently, the glass "Brown Tube" became part of the television receiver.

Follower and student of Boris Rosing Vladimir Zworykin invented and patented the electronic television system in 1932. To a certain extent, the scientist can be called the inventor of the first television.

How did the first TV work?

First TV proposed by John Baird, worked on the basis of the Nipkow disk. The device was a large rotating disk with holes located from the outer circumference to the center (along the Archimedes' spiral). The size of the broadcast picture was directly proportional to the size of the disk in the bounding box. The number of holes corresponded to the number of lines on the TV screen. The Nipkow disk rotated, moving the perforation, as a result of which a single image was divided into lines. The design had technical limitations, which did not allow the translator screen to be enlarged. It was not possible to increase the number of holes indefinitely: the more the disk is covered with perforations, the smaller the size of the holes that should transmit light to the photocell. Eventually, the screens of the first television receivers were tiny - only 3 x 4 cm.

Small-line television made it possible to broadcast a television signal on long and medium waves, thanks to which they could “catch” a signal from Moscow even in Europe. But using the Nipkow Disk did not allow you to enlarge the screen even up to the size of a standard photograph - in this case, the translator had to be equipped with a huge two-meter disk. But the principle of electronic television, proposed by Vladimir Zworykin, was limited in frequency, since the picture was divided into a huge number of elements, the transmission of which would take up all the power. It was The decision was made broadcast television signals on ultrashort waves with a range of less than 10 meters. Ultrashort waves propagate in a straight line, like light pulses.

Zworykin's TV worked on a different system. The apparatus was based on inventions patented by the scientist - an iconoscope (transmitting cathode-ray tube) and a kinescope (receiving tube that reproduces an image). In the late 1920s, the idea of ​​electronic television spread throughout the world.

The first TV in the USSR

First TV broadcast in the vast Soviet Union took place in April 1931 of the year. At that time, domestic TVs were not yet produced. The first TV in the USSR appeared later, as the authorities did betting on radio broadcasting, since it was believed that such a method of transmitting information effective in terms of propaganda. Nevertheless, Nipkow's paper discs were being produced in the USSR at that time. Television signals were broadcast on long and medium frequencies. The sound was transmitted separately, the picture was transmitted separately.

Domestic craftsmen quickly mastered the wisdom of assembling television receivers. Cardboard perforated disc complemented by a neon lamp, ensuring signal reception and imaging on miniature screen. For reception sound signal purchased a radio. Schemes for assembling home-made TVs were published in the Radiofront magazine.

Later, the Leningrad enterprise Komintern began the production of domestic televisions operating according to the Nipkov system. The device resembled a set-top box with a 3 x 4 cm screen for connection to a radio receiver. TV broadcasting became regular. For a long time in the territory of the USSR broadcast only one channel - the First, whose work was interrupted during the Great Patriotic War. In the post-war period, the principle of electronic television began to be used, the first kinescope television receiver was produced. The second domestic television channel began broadcasting.

First color TV

The ideas of the first color television and the transmission of a color image were developed in parallel with the implementation of the concept of black and white television broadcasting. Same John Baird in 1928 he guessed to build a three-color filter to your television set. The images were transmitted through a light filter one by one. It is likely that the principle used by Baird was based on the proposal of Alexander Polumordvinov, who in 1900 applied for a patent for the first color three-component television system, Telefot. The inventor also proposed to combine the perforated Nipkow disk with multi-colored filters.

In 1907 Hovhannes Adamyan patented two color television system with simultaneous color transfer. Later, the scientist came up with a scheme for the serial transmission of three color signals. Adamyan's reamer was equipped with three series of holes covered with red, blue and green filters. This idea was later implemented by John Baird. The disadvantage of the scheme was incompatibility with black and white television.

The first true color television was produced in America in the 1920s. RCA devices could be freely bought on credit.

Later it turned out that the developers were ahead of the needs of the public: at that time, the viewers were quite satisfied with the black-and-white picture. The idea of ​​color television returned after the end of the Second World War.

The first color TV in the USSR

Research on color television in the USSR continued in 1947. November 7, 1952 Leningrad television successfully conducted an experimental broadcast color television broadcast.

In 1954, Soviet scientists developed the OSKM television broadcasting standard, and already in 1956 the same Leningrad television center aired the first film with a color image. The signal reception quality was tested on domestic black-and-white devices.

Since October 1, 1967, color television broadcasting in the USSR has been conducted using the SECAM standard. In 1977, domestic television broadcasting is broadcast in full color.

In the Soviet Union, their own color television apparatus was released later, although development began back in the time of Zworykin. In 1953, domestic enterprises produced Raduga TVs based on Nipkow discs with color filters. After the transition to the principle of electronic television, the updated Rainbow and the Temp-22 model were released.

The first domestic mass television with a color image was called Rubin.

Who Invented the Plasma TV

In July 1964, University of Illinois professors D. Bitzer and G. Slottou developed the first prototype of a modern plasma TV. At that time, the technology did not arouse much interest. They returned to the topic of the plasma apparatus with the advent of digital television. The inventors investigated the properties of the plasma. By that time, it became clear that the kinescope broadcast system needed to be replaced - electronic TVs did an excellent job of transmitting video, but a fundamentally new solution was needed to broadcast computer video graphics.

The first device was equipped with only one cell. Modern TVs equipped with millions of pixels.

In 1999, the world saw a plasma panasonic tv with a sixty-inch diagonal. At that moment, TVs became much thinner than the devices of previous generations.

With the advent of liquid crystal screens, plasma TV technology has somewhat suspended its development. The demand for "plasma" has decreased.