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How to make a diode lamp with your own hands. DIY LED lamp from fluorescent

If you are wondering how to do led lamp do it yourself at home, then we will provide several step by step instructions with photo and video examples that will allow you to assemble an LED light bulb in no more than an hour. All the ideas provided below will be listed from the simplest to the most complex, which will allow you to choose the appropriate option depending on your skills in handling a soldering iron and electrical circuits.

Idea number 1 - We modernize a halogen light bulb

The easiest way is to make an LED lamp yourself from a burned-out halogen bulb with - GU4. In this case, you will need the following materials and tools:

LEDs. Choose the number of them yourself, depending on how bright the LED lighting should be. Immediately, we draw your attention to the fact that you should not choose more than 22 diodes (this will complicate the assembly process and also make the light bulb too bright).
Super-glue (regular glue is also suitable, but it will harden longer, which will not allow you to make an LED lamp quickly).
A small piece of copper wire.
Resistors. Their number and capacity will be calculated by an online calculator.
A small piece of sheet aluminum (an alternative is a regular beer or soda can).
Internet access. You will need to open a special online calculator to calculate the LED lamp circuit.
Hammer, soldering iron and hole punch.

Having prepared all the materials, you can proceed directly to the assembly of the diode light bulb. We will provide instructions for creating a homemade one step by step, with photo examples of each stage, so that you can clearly see the installation process.

So, to make a 12 volt LED lamp, you need to follow these steps:

Remove the top glass from the old halogen bulb, as well as the white putty near the pin base (as shown in the photo below). The best way to do this is to use a screwdriver.
Turn the lamp over with the base up and carefully use a hammer to knock the pins out of the seat. The old halogen bulb should fall out.
According to the number of LEDs you have chosen, come up with a diagram of their arrangement, on the basis of which make a paper stencil. You can use an existing blank and print one of the ready-made schemes, which are provided in the picture:
Glue the stencil to the aluminum sheet using super glue, cut the sheet to the shape of the stencil, then use a hole punch to make the seats for the LEDs.
Generate on the Internet a drawing of an assembly of an LED lamp for your conditions. In our case, to create an LED light bulb at home from 22 diodes, you need to assemble the following circuit:
Place the aluminum disc on a convenient stand and insert the LEDs into the seats as shown in the photo. To simplify the soldering process, bend the cathode leg of one diode to the anode leg of the other.
Gently glue all the LEDs, making them a single structure. An important point- the glue should not get on the legs of the diodes, because when soldering, extremely unpleasant smoke will be emitted.
When the glue hardens, start soldering the legs. By the way, for this we recommend you, which also does not take much time. Solder the diodes according to the diagram LED lamps, leaving only one positive leg and one negative leg for connecting the power. It is recommended to cut the “-” leg in half, so as not to confuse the polarity of the contacts of the homemade LED light bulb.
Solder the resistors to the negative terminals according to the diagram. As a result, according to our example, you should get 6 positive and 6 negative (with resistors).
Solder the resistors according to the generated circuit.
Solder the resulting two contacts along the same piece of copper wire, which, as a result, will allow you to make the pin base of the LED lamp at home. By analogy with the previous advice, make one leg shorter for a while (minus one), so that later you will not confuse anything and make the connection correctly.
To prevent it from happening in the future, carefully glue the space between the removed legs.
Complete the final assembly of the LED bulb: place the disc on the reflector and carefully glue it.
With a marker, write on the body of the assembled LED lamp where "+" and where "-", also indicate that the homemade light source is designed to be connected to a 12 Volt power supply, not 220.
Check assembled homemade products... To do this, connect the LED bulb to car battery or a 220/12 Volt power supply.

Like this in a simple way you can make an LED lamp with your own hands from improvised means. As you can see, nothing is complicated and you won't need to spend much time on assembly! We recommend that you definitely check out some of the best home light bulb ideas that we have provided in the video gallery:

Idea number 2 - "Housekeeper" in the course!

The second, no less interesting idea is to assemble a light bulb from an energy-saving lamp. There is also no particularly serious work and even a not very experienced electrician can handle the assembly.
To get started, you must prepare the following materials and tools for assembling an LED lamp with your own hands:

Having prepared all the materials, you can proceed to the assembly. This instruction more creative, so if you decide to make a diode light bulb from a burned-out housekeeper, carefully look at the photo examples.

Stages of work:

According to these instructions, you can easily make an LED lamp from a fluorescent or halogen lamp!

Idea number 3 - LED strip as a basis

If you are not so good at a soldering iron and at the same time have no idea how to assemble a circuit on fiberglass, it is better to make an LED lamp with your own hands from an LED strip. In this case, instead of the driver, you can use a power supply that converts 220 Volts in the network into 12. The only significant drawback this method- large dimensions of the power supply, so this option is recommended if you decide to make LED lighting in the room with spotlights. You can try to collect all the bulbs for them with your own hands and connect them to a single power supply that will hide in the ceiling without any problems.

So, all you need to do is:

That's all the instructions for assembling an LED lamp from a tape. As you can see, everything is much easier than even making a light bulb according to the generated circuit. On this our simple instructions come to an end, and now you know how to make an LED lamp with your own hands from an energy-saving light bulb, a diode strip and a halogen light source! We hope that the ideas provided were useful and understandable for you!

Related materials:

A 220-volt LED lamp saves 1.5-2 times more electricity than a lamp daylight, and 10 times more than an incandescent lamp. In addition, when assembling from a burned-out lamp, the costs of manufacturing such a lamp will be much lower. DIY LED lamp assembly is quite simple, although you can work with high voltage only if you have the appropriate qualifications.

The advantages of a homemade lamp

You can find many types of lamps in the store. Each type has its own disadvantage and advantage. Incandescent lamps are gradually losing ground due to their high energy consumption, low light output, despite the high color rendering index. Compared to them, fluorescent light sources are a real miracle. Energy-saving lamps- their more modern modernization, which made it possible to use the advantages of fluorescent light in the most common lamps, with E27 bases, devoid of the unpleasant flicker of the old representatives of this family.

But fluorescent lamps also have disadvantages. They quickly fail due to frequent switching on and off, moreover, the vapors contained in the tubes are poisonous, and the design itself requires special disposal. Compared to them, the light-emitting diode (LED) lamp is the second revolution in the field of lighting. They are even more economical, do not require special disposal and last 5-10 times longer.

LED lamps have one, but a significant drawback - they are the most expensive. To reduce this minus to a minimum or turn it into a plus, you will need to build it from led strip do it yourself. At the same time, the cost of the light source becomes lower than that of the luminescent counterparts.

A homemade LED lamp has several advantages:

the service life of the device, when properly assembled, is a record 100,000 hours;
in terms of watt / lumen efficiency, they also surpass all analogues;
the cost of a homemade lamp is not higher than that of a fluorescent lamp.

Of course, there is one drawback - the lack of guarantees for the product, which must be compensated for by strict adherence to the instructions and the skill of an electrician.

Materials for assembly

There are a lot of ways to create a lamp with your own hands. The most common methods are using an old base from a burnt out fluorescent lamp... Everyone in the house has such a resource, so there will be no problems with the search. In addition, you will need:

Base from a burnt-out product.
Directly ICE. They are sold as LED strips or standalone NK6 LEDs. Each cell has a current of approximately 100–120 mA and a voltage of approximately 3–3.3 Volts.
A diode bridge or rectifier diodes 1N4007 are required.
You need a fuse, which can be found in the base of a blown lamp.
Capacitor. Its capacity, voltage and other parameters are selected depending on the electrical circuit for assembly and the number of LEDs in it.
In most cases, you will need a frame to which the LEDs will be mounted. The frame can be made of plastic or similar material. The main requirement is that it must not be metallic, conductive and must be heat-resistant.
To securely attach the LEDs to the frame, you will need superglue or liquid nails (the latter is preferable).

One or two elements from the above list may not be useful in some schemes, in other cases, on the contrary, new chain links (drivers, electrolytes) may be added. Therefore the list necessary materials need to be compiled in each case individually.

We collect a lamp from an LED strip

Let's analyze step by step the creation of a 220 V light source from an LED strip. To decide to use the innovation in the kitchen, just remember that self-assembled LED lamps are much more profitable than their luminescent counterparts. They live 10 times longer and consume 2-3 times less energy under the same lighting level.

For design, you will need two burned-out fluorescent lamps half a meter long and a power of 13 watts. There is no point in buying new ones, it is better to find old and non-working ones, but not broken and without cracks.
Next, we go to the store and buy an LED strip. The choice is large, so approach the purchase responsibly. It is advisable to buy tapes with pure white or natural light, it does not change the shades of the surrounding objects. In such strips, LEDs are collected in groups of 3 pieces. The voltage of one group is 12 volts, and the power is 14 watts per meter tape.
Then you need to disassemble the fluorescent lamps into their component parts. Carefully! Do not damage the wires, and also do not break the tube, otherwise the poisonous fumes will burst out and you will have to carry out cleaning, as after a broken mercury thermometer. Do not throw away the removed entrails, they will be useful in the future.
Below is a diagram of the LED strip we bought. In it, ICE is connected in parallel, 3 pieces per group. Please note that this scheme does not work for us.
Therefore, you need to cut the tape into sections of 3 diodes in each and get expensive and useless converters. It is more convenient to cut the tape with pliers or large and strong scissors. After soldering the wires, you should get the diagram below.
As a result, you should get 66 LEDs or 22 groups of 3 LEDs in each, connected in parallel along the entire length. The calculations are simple. Since we need to convert alternating current to direct current, the standard voltage is 220 volts in electrical network you need to increase to 250. The need to "throw" the voltage is associated with the rectification process.
To find out the number of LED sections, you need to divide 250 Volts by 12 Volts (voltage for one group of 3 pieces). As a result, we get 20.8 (3), rounded up, we get 21 groups. It is advisable to add one more group here, since the total number of LEDs will have to be divided into 2 lamps, and this requires an even number. In addition, by adding one more section, we will make the overall scheme safer.
We're going to need a DC rectifier, which is why we can't throw away the removed fluorescent tube internals. To do this, we take out the converter, using the wire cutters, we remove the capacitor from the common circuit. It is quite simple to do this, since it is located separately from the diodes, it is enough to break off the board.
The diagram shows what should eventually turn out in more detail.
Further, using soldering and superglue, you need to assemble the entire structure. Don't even try to fit all 22 sections into one fixture. It was said above that you need to specifically find 2 half-meter lamps, since it is simply impossible to place all the LEDs in one. Also, you do not need to rely on a self-adhesive layer on back side ribbons. It won't last long, so the LEDs need to be secured with super glue or liquid nails.

Let's summarize and find out the advantages of the assembled product:

The amount of light from the resulting LED lamps is 1.5 times greater than that of fluorescent counterparts.
At the same time, the power consumption is much lower than that of fluorescent lamps.
The assembled light source will last 5-10 times longer.
Finally, last advantage- directivity of light. It does not scatter and is directed straight downward, so it is used at the desktop or in the kitchen.

Of course, the light emitted is not very bright, but the main advantage is the low power consumption of the lamp. Even if you turn it on and never turn it off, it will consume only 4 kW of energy in a year. At the same time, the cost of consumed electricity per year is comparable to the cost of a ticket on a city bus. Therefore, such light sources are especially effective where constant illumination is required (corridor, street, utility room).

Putting together a simple LED light bulb

Let's look at another way to create an LED lamp. Chandelier or table lamp needs a standard E14 or E27 base. Accordingly, the circuit and the diodes used will differ. Compact fluorescent lamps are now widely used. We need one burnt out cartridge, we will also change the general list of materials for assembly.

You will need:

burnt-out base / plinth E27;
RLD2-1 driver;
LEDs NK6;
a piece of cardboard, but plastic is better;
Super glue;
electrical wiring;
as well as scissors, soldering iron, pliers and other tools.

Let's start creating a homemade lamp:

Light flow assembled lamp equal to 100-120 lumens. The pure white light makes the light bulb appear significantly lighter. This is enough to illuminate a small room (corridor, utility room). The main advantage of the LED light source is its low power consumption and power - only 3 watts. That is 10 times less than incandescent lamps and 2-3 times less fluorescent. It works from a conventional cartridge with a 220 volt power supply.

Conclusion

So, having at hand non-working linear or compact fluorescent lamps and several elements listed above in this article, you can create an LED lamp with your own hands, which has a number of advantages. One of the main ones is low cost compared to bulbs that you can buy at the store. During assembly and installation, it is necessary to observe safety measures, since you have to work with high voltage, therefore, you should adhere to the installation sequence according to the diagram. As a result, you will get a lamp that will work for a long time and please the eye.

Video

Due to their numerous positive qualities, reliability, practicality, LED lamps have conquered the market almost from the first moments of their appearance. Luminaires with LED light sources have a long service life, do not heat up during operation, consume a minimum amount of energy with a high dissipated power of the emitted luminous flux. The peculiarity of the operation of LEDs is associated with the technology of manufacturing a p-n-junction, the choice of a crystal. Modern technologies make it possible to produce very bright LEDs with a luminous flux of 4000 K, which is much more than even economical fluorescent lamps are capable of emitting.

Available in yellow or white, customers can choose the most suitable light source for their space. Yellow ones, having a glow temperature of 6000 K, create a warm glow, and whites with 4000 K - a cold one.

LED bulbs are more advantageous than incandescent or “energy efficient” bulbs, but due to manufacturing features, because of their structural complexity, they are more expensive. Although, comparing the design and manufacturability of fluorescent light sources, we can conclude that the production of LED is easier.

Given the high price of LED lamps, many people want to make it with their own hands, especially for this, all the necessary parts can be purchased on the radio market. What can not be said about the mercury lamp, in which not only the power board is complicated, but the gas bulb is also an inaccessible element. Therefore, if you want to make high-quality LED lamps for a greenhouse with your own hands, then this can be done quite simply.

Gallery: DIY LED lamps (25 photos)

Scope of application

The advantage of LED light sources is their versatility. Manufacturers produce LED matrices of different radiation power, shape and number of elements or LEDs themselves. Therefore it is possible design lamps at its discretion, both for a standard base from a broken lamp, and for a specialized one in accordance with the requirements for connecting to a driver or control board.

The advantage of LED light sources is the controllability of the brightness of the glow by changing the voltage at its input. Thus, you can get a shade from subtle to overly bright. This property makes it possible to create many useful things:

Lunar phase cabbage sourdough: tips and recipes

LEDs have found applications in many areas due to their practical qualities. They are actively used in industry, everyday life, medicine, preschool institutions.

DIY making

There are many different forms of lighting fixtures and lighting systems that can be made by hand in a case, or maybe finished tape used, which is also very convenient. For example, when creating backlighting for keyboards or shelves in a closet.

What is required to make a LED luminaire? You don't have to think too long, because LED light sources are universal. They can be connected to AC or DC voltage of any value. It is enough to make quality driver or a control unit and correctly position the LEDs on the plate.

Fastening and installation

Before you start making an LED lamp, you should think about its purpose. If it will be installed in a standard cartridge, then this will require an E27, E14, G9 base. You can take it from any old light bulb, for example, from a fluorescent one. This is exactly the principle that is followed when lighting a greenhouse with LED lamps.

Depending on the purpose, LED luminaires can also be different. Some are intended for general lighting, for use as nightlights or as phytolamps for growing plants. In the first case for the manufacture of lamps bright LEDs with a cold or warm glow are used, which is most preferable. From the point of view of the effect on human vision, it is better to buy lamps with a yellow glow, in the same way it applies to the choice of the LEDs themselves.

And when it comes to a night light or dim backlighting, then for its manufacture you should choose different from white or use low brightness modes. If you have to make phytolamp for growing plants, it is better to choose the red and blue colors of the luminous flux for this. It is the spectrum of these shades that has a beneficial effect on growth and ensures the intensive development of plants.

How to make a phytolamp

LED lamps are widely used, especially for growing plants in greenhouses. For this, the so-called phytolamp is used. Its peculiarity lies in the spectrum of light. Plants thrive in red, blue and yellow shades of light. For example red promotes better photosynthesis, blue stimulates the intensity of growth at the cellular level, and yellow enriches the plant with other important components. Therefore, DIY LED lamps will be an ideal option, especially when it comes to growing plants.

How many square meters in 1 are of land

But in order for the plant to really intensively gain growth in the greenhouse, to strengthen and form faster, it is necessary to maintain the proportion of the amount of red light to blue in a ratio of 1: 3. And add a little yellow. A plant in such conditions much stronger, harder and healthier. Therefore, if you decide to grow seedlings, then the phytolamp can be made by hand. To do this, you will need to buy tape or combine the red and blue colors of the LEDs in the greenhouse luminaires. Such lighting in a greenhouse will not require significant material waste, because the price of materials is lower than that of a finished phytolamp.

Thanks to the ability to place light sources in any convenient place, you can save on electricity. For example, the tape can be stretched over the plants themselves, eliminating unnecessary waste on lighting the space of the entire greenhouse.

To make a lamp, you do not need to buy special LEDs; for greenhouses, market ones or ordered from an online store are quite suitable. On sale there are different models , it is important that the brightness is sufficient and the color matches the effective spectrum.

Basic design

When it comes to making LED lighting for greenhouses with your own hands or for other specific needs, the type of construction is selected based on the features of its fixing. If to be established into a standard pendant lamp with an E27 socket, then, accordingly, it is better to use a standard base.

The lamp body can be made of any transparent material. But you get the best effect from the direct glow without using different light filters. But after all flasks and diffusers just those they are. When it comes to making lamps for household needs, beauty can be put aside.

Power supply selection

LED light sources are versatile. They can be connected to any supply voltage. But only for this to be done it will be necessary to make required driver or simplest power supply, the design of the device should be selected based on the location of the lighting arrangement. There is almost always high humidity in the greenhouse, so the power supply must be sealed.

In practice, there are many schemes for connecting LEDs in the manufacture of greenhouse lighting with your own hands with power as from the network constant voltage 12V, and to a 220V network with alternating current. But the formats of the supply circuits do not end there, because any voltage can be used by standard calculations.

How to calculate the power supply

In order to select the right components and select the correct operating modes for a light source for a greenhouse or other place, you need to know the parameters of the LEDs. And these include:

Direct power supply voltage. Almost all LEDs, if not an assembly, have a standard supply voltage of 3 V.
Direct connection current consumption. A standard p-n-junction for normal lighting consumes 20-30 mA. But there are also LEDs with an increased current of up to 100 mA or more, called super-bright. Therefore, it is important to check the parameters in the reference literature, since it is available without restrictions on many portals.
Peak current and voltage. These values are indirect, but are important when calculating a high-quality and reliable source.

Let's consider an example of calculating a power source for a luminaire with 20 LEDs connected in series-parallel. The first step is to make a reservation. If want to make really reliable light source, you will need to add to the circuit:

Varistor with a pulse voltage of 278 V, provided that a 220 V circuit is connected.
An electronic fuse, it will protect the device from overcurrent in the event of a burnout of one of the short-circuit LEDs.
Stabilizer. To increase the reliability of the luminaire, a stabilizer of 3V or more should be included in its circuit, depending on the total voltage of the LEDs in series. There are 10 of them in the lamp under consideration, so the stabilization voltage should be 30 V.

Practical implementation

In practice, the driver circuit is greatly simplified, excluding all kinds of protections and fuses. Therefore, it is difficult to call high-quality finished lamps. But this is not always the case. Expensive LED lamps are equipped with a truly reliable source with all the protections.

Devices with a decoupling capacitor

The most common and practical power supply scheme for LEDs is precisely capacitive source... It takes up little space and does not require a lot of professional skills to manufacture.

The figure previously depicted a classic layout for a traditional feeder. It has an isolation capacitor, a discharge resistor, a rectifier and a zener diode. It is not recommended to connect the circuit without load, because peak value voltage will be high and if one of the LED circuits is broken, the zener diode will fail.

Driver on PWM controller

More durable and high-quality are circuits with a driver on a microcontroller and a transformer. Its scheme shown in the picture above. It also does not require a lot of details, and the calculation procedure can be found in the description. Everything is quite simple to implement.

According to statistics, it was found that the cost of LED lamps has dropped significantly. Such indicators have led to an increase in the acquisition of highly efficient lighting products in private houses and apartments. Those who are excellent at using a soldering iron do not need to go to the store in order to equip their home, since you can create a lamp with your own hands, without going to factory products. Thus, you can save a large amount of money and choose the design of the device that will fit the interior of the apartment.

LED lamp circuit.

LEDs have their own peculiarity, which is constant current mode and low voltage degree. Therefore, for the implementation of the lighting process, devices such as power supplies are mainly used. Some solder on their own electrical circuits on boards, which is not so easy, especially for those who are not familiar with this field of activity.

When creating a lamp with your own hands, a lamp or any other lighting device, you need to take into account the fact that one third of such a unit as the rated power will be spent on converting the luminous flux, while the rest of the parts are needed for heat losses.

It is important to remember that overheating of the LEDs can shorten the lifespan. When assembling any LED structure on your own, it should be provided for heat removal from the entire structure during power supply.

Which LEDs should you use?

LED variety table.

Initially, it is advisable to select the specific type of LEDs that will be required. If we consider powerful and low-power, then the first type is much more profitable, due to the fact that the labor intensity is higher. The ratio of low-power to high-power is 20: 1. Based on such indicators, we can conclude that with low-power LEDs there is much more soldering to be done. Among the powerful LEDs, a couple of varieties can be distinguished, some of which are intended for lead-out installation work, and others for surface ones. In most cases, output is used, since installation work with them is much faster.

Power supplies

An excellent driver is needed for the longevity of LEDs, or in other words it can be called a power supply. The driver can be packaged or unpackaged, with or without galvanic isolation. If we consider exactly the alteration of lamps, then it is advisable to use a type of open-frame driver, in which there is a galvanic isolation.

The caseless view is very useful in that it is compact in size and also has a lower heating rate. But there are also certain disadvantages, which are manifested in the difficulty of fastening.

The use of galvanic isolation is generally required for safety reasons, as an electric shock can be avoided. In the absence of such technology, some receive minimal electric shock.

Electrical diagram of a LED lamp.

When choosing drivers, it is advisable to pay attention to the indication of the minimum and maximum number LEDs that can be connected to the connection. If such data is not available, then it is worth looking at the output voltage indicators of the power supply.

The power supply can be of two types, one of which consists of an electromagnetic interference filter, and the second, respectively, does not have it. Devices that do not have filters are more likely to interfere with electromagnetic waves and conducting frequencies to receivers.

Using a heatsink for LEDs

In order to use the LED successfully and for a long time, it is worth using radiators, since they are as important components of the process as power supplies. The radiator must be made exclusively of aluminum. Finding such a material is very simple, since every person has an old aluminum dish. In order to be able to dissipate heat from the LED, it is the size of the area that needs to be taken into account, and not the thickness. It should be noted that fans are installed on computer coolers, since without such a device, heat from the LED will be removed at a minimum speed.

DIY lamp making process

Before you start developing the lamp yourself, it is advisable to prepare everything necessary tools... In particular, it is advisable to acquire:

Luminaire body diagram.

basic and spare LEDs;
microtransformer;
multimeter;
red LED bulbs;
a 100 ohm resistor;
capacitor 400 uF and 10 uF;
cartridge;
degreaser;
soldering iron;
assembly glue;
board;
lampshade.

Initially, it is advisable to check each LED that will be included in the circuit, and the quality of the supply voltage in network cable... To carry out such a process, it is worth using a microtransformer. Thus, when setting up and when test check of the future lighting device, the adjustment will be much smoother.

In order to measure, the voltage drops with a constant current and the effect on the resistor or not, and a multimeter is used to accurately calculate the diode current. As a rule, when self-assembly try to use six-volt lamps, but often they may need those that are designed for 12 volts.

The diodes themselves must be of high quality so that the unpleasant bluish glow can be avoided, which will not just spoil appearance lamp, but also harm the eyes.

Diagram of connecting LED parts to the luminaire body.

The assembly scheme can be called very simple and without loss for the driver. The only drawback is the lack of insulation from the wires, that is, the LED luminaire itself can be susceptible to current shocks. Focusing on the latest data, it should be borne in mind that it is advisable to protect the lamp from falling, but later the circuit can be upgraded.

Resistors are needed to protect the board when connected to the network to avoid voltage surges. If not available, a tiny rectifier bridge is desirable.
The use of a 400 uF capacitor is required in order to set the energy to the right level, which is required for the transfer and additional addition of lamps, with free bandwidth... Before work, it is advisable to make sure that the type of nominal voltage is in operation, which, as a rule, is half the normal current in the network.
The use of a 10 μF capacitor is necessary to create an ideal light source, as well as to eliminate consequences such as glare and flickering. The height of the nominal voltage in this case should be twice as high as the previous capacitor.

If it is not possible to purchase a new socket, it can be removed from the old lamp. To do this, you need to carefully break the light bulb, and so that the socket part of the cartridge is not damaged. After such a procedure, the cartridge itself should be protected and treated with a degreaser. It is important that before installation, the hole in the socket is checked again for the presence of lamp residues that can harm the future lighting system, and it is advisable to carry out additional processing with acetone or alcohol.

Fastening the cartridge to the resistor and transistor

Next comes the soldering work. Using a soldering iron, a tiny rectifier is installed, and the materials must be prepared in advance and be at hand. The surface is processed without fail, and the actions themselves must be as precise and accurate as possible in order to exclude damage to already installed parts.

In order to carry out heat shrinkage, any type of assembly glue is used, since the material must be designed for carrying out such actions, and in no case for clerical purposes.

The installation of LED bulbs is considered the most important and interesting moment throughout the luminaire assembly. The basis will be a board purchased in advance or prepared from old devices. If it belonged to old structures, then, accordingly, the board should be cleaned of parts and various burrs.

As you wire and connect each pin, it is worth checking and clearing them if no signal arrives. Very little remains - and the lamp will be able to delight its creator. In order to complete the work, you simply need to collect all the parts that are available. To be more precise, each piece is soldered to the plate and to the resistor device. Then everything is insulated with glue, the connections between the diodes are checked for correct light propagation.

An LED is a semiconductor device that converts electricity into light radiation. Structurally, it is a semiconductor crystal (chip) that actually emits light, a substrate, a case with contact leads and an optical system.

As you already know, they come in different colors, it depends on the material of manufacture and different additives. As a rule, one crystal (chip) is installed in the package, but if necessary, the manufacturer can install several crystals.

Features of types of LED lamps

Their application is extremely wide, they can be divided into 2 groups:

Indicator (LED)- are used as indicators, due to the fact that they are dim and low-power. On your router, green lights are on - these are indicator LEDs, on the TV a light is on in the corner - it is also.

Actually, there are many where LEDs are used. In different electronic devices, car dashboard backlights, computer display backlights, LCD TVs and countless other devices.

Colors can be different: red, yellow, green, blue, purple, white, even ultraviolet. Remember that the color of an LED is not determined by the color of the plastic from which the case is made, but from the type of semiconductor material from which it is made. But most LEDs are made of colorless plastic, and the color can only be recognized by turning it on.

Lighting constructions- are used, as you already understood, for lighting. Unlike indicator lamps, they differ in their brightness and power, with a rapidly decreasing price they are used in household and industrial lighting, table lamps, LED lamps, lighting of offices and work areas, wherever possible.

Since this cheap, productive and ecological look lighting. The level of technological development allows them to be produced with a very high level of light output per 1 W. For high-power LEDs produced in series, this value reaches 140th Lumen (a unit of measurement of luminous flux in SI). This allows them to be used in a very wide range of applications.

Using LED for luminaires

First of all, this is their main plus - durability. Mechanically he reliable and durable... In theory, it can last up to 100,000 hours. This is about 100 times longer than incandescent lamps and 10 times longer than fluorescent lamps.

But the service life of the LED directly depends on itself, the strength of the current supplied to it, the cooling of the chip (crystal) directly emitting the light itself, and, accordingly, the very quality of the LED.

Branded products will be more expensive, but will also last much longer than conventional Chinese unnamed LEDs. This directly affects consumer properties.

It is also worth noting about environmental friendliness. They are environmentally friendly light sources, in contrast to fluorescent lamps, which contain mercury.

After their failure, fluorescent lamps should be handed over to specialized collection points. And in our reality, few people hand over such lamps to the appropriate points, but simply throw them into a landfill, where they cause irreparable harm to the environment.

DIY LED lamp installation

Now let's get down to creating our DIY LED lamp.

LED (lighting)- as mentioned above, it consists of a crystal, a substrate, a package with contact leads and optical system(lens). We use 8 pcs for the lamp. powerful 1W LEDs. This will allow for a larger area of illumination.

Driver (power supply)- to convert alternating current 220V in D.C. for submission to the diagram. It is necessary to determine the main criteria for choosing a driver, they are in the power of the LEDs used, these are 1W, 3W, 5W. It also lies in the number of LEDs, the requirement for protection from external influences.

Please note that in the absence of a driver, you can use limiting resistors but a driver would be preferred. Why don't you ask to save on the driver? Just look at the market, a bunch of inexpensive LED bulbs with a bunch of LEDs and relatively inexpensive.

But as a rule, such lamps do not last long, 4–5 months, and during this time they still manage to lose almost half the brightness, all this is due to the fact that they saved money on the driver in this lamp, the ego was simply not installed. And since we are tuned in to the long-term work of our lamp, made with our own hands, we will use driver how necessary component devices.

Light body material

You can use an old lamp to make the body. It is advisable to take exactly metal case, since LEDs are semiconductors that allow an electric current to pass through and heat up accordingly.

Temperature is one of the main indicators of durability, so it's important for us to have good cooling.

For an overheating LED, its service life is reduced by several times. The body can be taken from an old fluorescent lamp, or from another object that is suitable for us in size.

If there is no metal case, but only a plastic one, then this position can be slightly corrected by gluing directly to the plastic case of the lamp aluminum tape, which will be able to take away the heat a little.

Assembling the structure of the LED lamp

Let's proceed directly to the assembly of the lighting device with our own hands.

Factory-backed aluminum LEDs attach to the radiator, which in this case is the metal body of the lamp or, if the body is plastic, then aluminum tape glued to the body, the main thing here is heat removal. It is necessary to solder the LEDs in the circuit sequentially.

Since we have a LED with a substrate, we will attach it to a radiator with hot glue, hot melt glue allows you to remove heat from the LED, which will increase the life of the latter. We will take a super-bright 1W LED on a substrate.

Here are its brief characteristics:

Supply voltage 3.2–3.4V (volts).
The consumed current is 350 ma (milliamperes).
Wavelength 6500K (Kelvin), cold light.
Luminous flux 140 lm (lumens).

The luminaire should use a 12W LED driver.

Driver characteristics:

Input voltage (AC): 100-240V.
Output voltage: 18–46V.
Output current: 300 ma ± 5%.
Operating temperature -45 +75 degrees Celsius.

Two parameters are important - current and operating voltage LED. Operating voltage can also be called "voltage drop". This term means that after the LED, the mains voltage will be less by the size of the "voltage drop".

To put it simply, if you apply power to the LED, which has a voltage drop of 3V, then for the next element in the network this voltage will be 3V less. Our luminaire will have 8 LEDs with a supply voltage of 3.2–3.4 volts. Average 3.3V.

In the driver for our luminaire, the range of this value is 18–46V. We just get into it, it suits us according to this indicator.

Another indicator of the driver and LED, on which the lamp's performance depends, is LED current consumption, and the output current at the driver. This value is 350 ma in the LED and 300 ma in the driver. This is also suitable for the functioning of our lamp.

It should be remembered that the LED is not capable of controlling the current consumption. it's the same important reason why you should use a driver.

Please note that the LEDs are already located on the aluminum substrate, which will also facilitate heat dissipation.

It remains only to solder the circuit itself with your own hands. Do not forget that it is impossible to keep the soldering iron on the LED contacts for too long, so as not to cause harm in the form of overheating.

The main thing is attentiveness, if you solder everything correctly, it will turn out bright and uniform light lamps, from 8 LEDs with a power of 1W. Next, using hot glue, we glue our LEDs to the lamp body, which will serve to remove heat, as previously discussed.

We also attach the driver inside for compactness of the device. Closing diffusing glass body, we get a wonderful lamp that emits a total of 1120th lumens and consumes 8 watts.

Over time, if you wish, you can switch all the lighting in the house to LED, again with your own hands, so as not to overpay too much. The advantages of this lighting are obvious: low power consumption, environmental friendliness, pleasant and clean light. So take on the soldering iron more boldly and make a high-quality LED lamp with your own hands.