The concepts of domain and domain names. Domain - what is it and how does the domain name system work

DOMAIN (on the Internet) DOMAIN (on the Internet)

DOMAIN (from French domaine - area), a specific area on the Internet (cm. THE INTERNET), allocated to its owner (any country, international organization, region, legal entity or individual) to provide access to information posted by its owner. Each domain corresponds to the address of the server on which a specific site is located. (cm. WEBSITE). The domain is assigned a unique domain (character) name. The fully qualified domain name consists of the names of all the domains it belongs to, separated by dots.
The entire Internet space is divided into domains organized in a hierarchical manner. Domain levels - the number of addresses separated by dots. Top-level domains include: RU, US, etc. (national domains), COM (commercial organizations), ORG (non-profit organizations), NET ( network services), EDU (educational institutions), GOV (US government agencies), INT (international organizations), MIL (military organizations), etc. The registration and support of the first-level domain is handled by the Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN - icann.org). Second-level domains are managed by companies accredited by ICANN to register a domain in dedicated zones. Domains.ru was originally registered by the Russian Research Institute for the Development of Public Networks (ROSNIIROS) in 1994, later its authority was transferred to RU-Center (www.nic.ru). Third-level domains are registered by companies that own the corresponding second-level domain. Free third-level domains are provided by: www.km.ru, www.chat.ru, www.narod.ru, www.nmg.ru, etc.

encyclopedic Dictionary. 2009 .

See what "DOMAIN (on the Internet)" is in other dictionaries:

The top (first) level domain (eng. top level domain TLD) in the hierarchy of the domain name system (DNS) is the highest level after the root domain (eng. root domain). It is the starting point of reference (from right to left), from ... ... Wikipedia

- [fr. domaine Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

D.w.u. are the starting points from which Internet domain names begin. Since each Internet domain name consists of several parts separated by dots and written in reverse order, the top-level domain ... ... Glossary of business terms

DOMAIN- (1) a microscopic region within some crystals of chemically homogeneous substances, which differs from adjacent or physical. properties, or the degree of ordering of the particles in them; (2) D. magnetic element of a ferromagnetic medium with variable ... ... Great Polytechnic Encyclopedia

Contents 1 Top-level domains of countries 2 Domains related to a group of countries ... Wikipedia

Domain- is the largest structural unit of the Internet. Usually a domain is a country or other large structure. Domains can be subdivided into sub-domains, reflecting different areas of interest or responsibility. Organize groups of computers on the Internet with ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Media

- (English country code Top Level Domain (ccTLD)) a top-level domain allocated for a specific country, for example.ru/.рф for Russia, .ua for Ukraine, .de for Germany, .it for Italy. Contents 1 Recommendations ... Wikipedia

GTLD (generic Top Level Domain) A top-level domain created for a specific class of organizations or communities. Contents 1 History 2 Classification ... Wikipedia

- [terne], a; m. Internet from international net international network] [capitalized] Worldwide computer network (Information system connection that connects many computers around the world). * * * Internet (from lat. inter between and ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Networks / Network World No. 06/2010, open systems. In this issue: Big protection for small companies There is a strong opinion that problems with providing information security are the lot of large companies that operate ... electronic book
• Daniil Somov visiting "Take it and do it", Andrey Sharkov. Daniil Somov, "Retailer" publishing house, is visiting "Take it and do it". Daniil and his partner created a portal with a turnover of more than $1 million. About how he did it and more about himself ...

In this article, we will consider in detail the question of what a domain is and why it is needed. Let's touch upon the issues of domain zones, levels of domain names. Let's cover the procedure of registration and purchase of domains. We will give instructions for checking before buying and registering. We will tell you how you can earn money by buying and reselling these domain names.

(detailed video instruction)

A domain is a unique name for a website on the Internet. Truly unique, one and only in the whole world. In simple words - the address of the site on the Internet network. It's like the coordinates of any point on the globe. For example, recently I was in Portugal and visited the westernmost point of Europe - Cape Roca. The coordinates of this point will be 38 0 47` north latitude and 9 0 30` west longitude. If you enter 38 0 47`N 9 0 30`W in the Yandex search engine, then Cape Doom will be shown on the map.

Also Domain name site, the one and only, typing which anywhere in the world, you get directly to the resource located on this domain.

All Internet resources have their own IP address in global network, it looks like this - "78.108.95.81". If these numbers are entered into the address bar of the browser, it will open main page ruinerdiz.ru (the blog you are on).

The Internet address in the form of numbers is not convenient, it is difficult to remember it, it is not readable, so human-readable domain names were invented. See for yourself: ruinerdiz.ru is much easier to remember than the numbers 78.108.95.81, and such an entry looks more attractive.

Due to the uniqueness, readability and recognition, the number of regular users increases, and accordingly the number of regular visitors to the Internet project grows and behavioral factors improve.

In view of this, the address of your future site must be approached very seriously and creatively. As you call the site, so it will float across the expanses of the Internet.

That's actually what kind of beast such a domain.

Domain name zones

The obligatory component of a domain name is the zone in which the website address is located. For general development: site name is machine read from right to left.

Domain zones in the world are divided by countries. That is, each country has its own zone. So, for example, in Russia it will be ru, in France it will be fr, in Portugal it will be pt, in Italy it will be, in Kazakhstan it will be kz, etc. Unlike a name, you cannot buy a domain zone, but you can choose from those offered .

In addition to the division by country, there are still zones .com - commercial, .biz - for business, .org, .info and many others. The cost of the zones is different, so for example, the .com and .biz zones will be much more expensive than the .ru zones. If your project does not comply with all Russian laws and is located in the .ru zone, then it may be closed. And you will either have to fix the problem, or transfer the site to another zone, or put up with it and forget about your site. In fact, there have been a lot of laws recently on the conduct of Internet projects.

So, for example, a lot of promoted online movie resources closed down, moved to other zones. Also, Russian legislation has affected many popular torrent trackers. Be careful with the domain zone, so as not to get into a mess.

Changing the zone later is a complete change of the site address, which leads to a decrease in positions, attendance, and not a competent move to a complete departure from the search results.

There are also zones, such as .gov - government structure, .edu - educational. To register in these zones, you will need the appropriate package of documents. Confirming the status of a state or educational institution.

About 10 years ago, national zones and domain names appeared. That is, the site address can be registered not in Latin, but in the national language..rf. The use of national zones with spelling of domain names in the language of a particular country does not affect promotion, but has a lot of disadvantages.

So, for example, in the zone.rf it will be difficult for a European to navigate. The link is automatically transcoded into English characters, it is not visible to a person, only a machine reads it. If such a link is copied from the address bar of the browser and pasted somewhere, then complete gibberish like http://xn--90ahhbc1atdqh.xn--p1ai/ will come out, because of this, this zone is not popular and is used extremely rarely.

As mentioned above, the machine reads the site address from right to left. Let's see what the site address consists of. Example:

edu.forum.site

• .ru - Domain zone, it is not for sale, it is not bought, it is provided by the registrar when buying a name. Part of a top-level domain name.
• .ruinterbiz - The domain name itself. It is it that is registered and bought, is the address of the site and is unique. This second level domain.
• .forum- Third level domain. Represents a subdomain. It is not paid in any way, it is attached to the main second-level domain by special settings beyond the scope of this article. May contain a completely different site.
• edu- Fourth level domain. The same as the third level.

For general development, it must be said that there is also a root zone (an empty area), this is a dot (.) after the domain zone, an empty record .. But it is always omitted, only the machine sees it.

Domain name registration

You can choose and register a domain name even in Argentina, even in the USA, even in Europe. Every country has accredited domain name registrars. Let's talk about the main technical point. If your project is oriented, for example, to a European audience, then it is better to register somewhere in Europe using the .com, .org zone, etc. If it is for Russian visitors, then register in Russia. This is due to the technical indicators. For example, our project, registered in St. Petersburg, will open much faster in central Russia than in Vladivostok or America. Plays the role of the location of the data center from the place of opening. St. Petersburg gives good performance in Russia and Europe. Website loading speed is one of the most important ranking factors.

There are not so many registrars in fact, but they all provide services through hosting providers and data centers. We have been using Majordomo's hosting and servers for more than 10 years. There were no problems, so we can recommend it to you and use their example to show how to choose a domain name.

Video instruction for registration, configuration and management

Your promo code TZS52983(just copy and paste when registering)

Attention:

It is best to select the site address through the selected hosting provider. It is connected with dns settings. If you, for example, register a domain on RegRu, and take a host from Majordomo, then you will have to reconfigure DNS servers and records. By checking the name directly with Majordomo and registering the domain through them, this problem will disappear.

The principle of choosing a name for the site, as well as installing your project on hosting, is described in detail in the article "". Here we will dispel the myth that the domain name somehow affects the promotion and ranking of the site.

It is not true! More precisely, many people misunderstand this point. The presence of the key in the Latin alphabet in the full address of the page has a small effect on the ranking.

You can take a domain even by last name, even by first name. For example, vovkinblog.ru and promote it.

Consider choosing a domain name through the hosting provider Majordomo. To do this, go to the official website for the selection of domain names Majordomo and enter the desired name, select the zone and check.

If the domain is free, then you can register and pay. Payment occurs once, and the name is provided for one year. Upon expiration, the domain is renewed. The first payment for a year is always cheaper, the subsequent extension is more expensive two or three times. Due to inflation and the growth of the dollar, the extension is also increasing. For example, an extension in 2012 cost 199 rubles, and in 2017 already 599 rubles.

Important:

Documents are required for registration. If you register for individual you need a scan of your passport. If for legal, then a package of documents for legal. face. We recommend that you prepare the necessary copies of documents in advance.

The host can be paid monthly, or you can purchase an annual subscription. When you pay for hosting for a year, it's much cheaper. But do not rush to immediately pay for and register a domain name, you need to check it. Why and how, read on.

Important:

In our free lessons the procedure for launching your Internet project, from a blog to an online store, is described in detail. By subscribing to our blog at the end of the article, you will receive a complete step-by-step instruction from the lessons. Full lesson descriptions here.

How to check a domain before registering

The success of resource promotion largely depends on the history of the domain name. So, for example, if a low-quality resource was located on the domain (there are a lot of them on the Internet), then nothing good will come of such an address, even if the name is beautiful and memorable. The fact is that search engines store the history of the site in their databases for a long time. If, for example, you grab the vovkinblog.ru domain, and earlier there was a worthless resource on it, links to obscene sites were put, undesirable letters were sent en masse to purchased and downloaded databases, then nothing good will come of it. Therefore, it is necessary to check the domain name before registration.

You can check the history of a domain name, namely what kind of sites were on it, through archive.org. A project on the Internet that stores almost all sites on earth that are not closed in robots.txt from its robot. Here is an example of checking the domain vovkinblog.ru

Drive in the domain of interest and press enter, it will be transferred to the calendar of saved copies, then click on the blue circle.

From the information received, it can be seen that the domain is basically clean, no negative elements are observed. We can conclude that the domain was taken, but things didn’t go any further, the lease of the name and possibly the host ended, the site was never filled with anything. Perhaps a beautiful and sonorous name was taken for the purpose of resale, that is, making money on domain names. This will be discussed further. Conclusion, you can take and use this domain name.

The screenshot below shows the 2005 Yandex archive page as an example.

It is also necessary to check in addition to the domain name, and the IP address. This is done through special services, for mass, unauthorized mailing and presence in blacklists, you can check in this service https://www.dnsbl.info/ If the IP is on the blacklists, then you can try to clear it by following step by step instructions or ask a question to the host provider.

The fact is that on a regular web hosting, there are several thousand sites on one IP. And if there are sites that have been blacklisted from this IP address, then your domain will be listed there. Provider Majordomo monitors ip addresses and does not provide black IPs.

Earn money buying and reselling domain names

There is a fairly profitable business selling domain names on the Internet. It consists in registering some beautiful name, for example, kojgalantereya.ru. Further, links from trust sites are put on the domain and within two or three updates the TIC is increased to 30 - 50 points. After that, it is sold through special exchanges such as Telderi.

Also, corporate promoted sites are often closed on the network due to bankruptcy and company closure, and domains are released. Such domains are called Drops. These names often have high TIC and PR scores. There are whole schemes for catching such Drop domains. That is, I caught such a domain, registered it for myself for 150 rubles and put it up for sale for 3-4 thousand hazel grouses.

We do not recommend buying such domains! Since the indicators were increased by buying links to certain pages. And when buying a domain without all the pages, the structure will be different. Almost all links will disappear and all the puzomerki will disappear in 2-3 months. You will just lose money and time.

conclusions

Choosing a domain name is a very responsible and creative process. This is your ship in the ocean of the Internet. As you call it, so you will swim. When selecting, it is necessary to take into account a number of points, namely, the domain name should be:

- Easy to read;

- Memorable;

— Have the possibility of further branding promotion;

- Be sure to contain a good story;

- Have a clean IP address, as this is the same as the domain;

That's actually all that we wanted to tell you about domain names and why they are needed, in simple words.

Good luck with your online projects.

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What is a Domain (Domain name)

Site domain or Site domain name is the address of a web resource on the Internet. For example, the site "What is" the domain name looks like this "www.site".

In simple words, domain- this is the name of the site registered on the network, by typing which in the search bar or input , you can go to the required resource. Simple and everyday domain names are in high demand as they are easy to remember, which in turn helps to retain the site's audience.

Why do you need a domain name and why choosing a domain is a very important part when creating a website.

First of all, it is worth noting that a domain name is a kind of visually simplified website address. The fact is that every site on the Internet has its own, which looks like this: 195.191.24.196. I think you will agree that remembering such addresses and entering them into the address bar in order to get to the necessary resource is not the most convenient task. That is why there are domain names that visually replace the numerical values ​​of addresses. In simple words, at the moment when you enter “ ” in the address bar, the computer recognizes the resource location address in this name as “195.191.24.196”, and directs you there.

Since we figured out what domain names are for, let's talk about why choosing a domain name is such an important step in creating a website. It is easy to guess that names that are simple in sound and correspond to the theme of the site will always be a priority. The fact is that simple and concise domains are quickly remembered by users, which in turn allows you to quickly find a resource on the Internet. Moreover, if the domain name characterizes the theme of the site, then this in some way affects the promotion of the site in search results. For example, if the domain name of the site looks like this "STROYKA.XX", then the user will immediately understand that this site is dedicated specifically to construction sites. In addition, search robots are also able to understand the meaning of words. In this case, when indexing the site, they will place it in a category related to construction.

Domain - zones and levels.

Since we briefly dealt with the names, the next step is to note that domain names include belonging to a particular zone and nesting level. For example, the domain name "website" is a generic second-level domain, since it consists only of the name "chto-takoe" and ".net".

What is the domain level?

For ease of understanding, we can give examples by nesting levels:

• .net - top level(this is purely an indicator of the site's belonging zone);
• site - second level(one name + zone);
• xxxx.site - third level(name + point + name + zone);
• nnnn.xxxx.site - fourth level(name + point + name + point + name + zone).

If everything is clear with the level of nesting, then let's go directly to the zones. Each domain name belongs to a specific zone. In the case of the site "What Is", this is the general international zone ".NET".

There are a huge number of domain zones, and they are divided depending on the region and subject matter. As for regional zones, each country has its own, so for Russia it is “.RU”, for Ukraine it is “.UA”, and for the USA it is “.US”. The following are examples of thematic zones: ".AUDIO", ".MOBI", ".DATE" and the like. There are also international zones, among which the most popular are: ".COM", ".NET", ".INFO", ".BIZ".

Thus, when a person comes up with a name, he registers it in a specific domain zone, which is most consistent with his direction. So business is most often registered in the ".COM", ".BIZ" or national ".RU", ".UA" zones. For information resources more suitable: ".INFO" or ".NET". Although there are no clear rules in this regard, with the exception of areas with certain registration requirements.

How do people make money selling domains?

Some people make a living buying and selling domain names. They usually look for potentially popular but unclaimed names, then register them and try to sell them. For example, certain names tend to become popular after some important events. It could be politics, war, or something else. So the person who owns the given domain name can sell it for a price that is much higher than it was when the original purchase was made.

Greetings, dear readers! In this article, I will try to tell you in simple terms what a domain is and why it is needed. And also, for those who are going to launch their website on the Internet, I will give a few additional instructions that you need to know.

If you now go to blog home page and look in the browser line, you will see the following.

This address is called the full domain name of the site. This address may look different in the browser you are using.

• . Many modern browsers they hide him.

Prefixes http, https And www do not apply to domains.

A domain name can be compared to the address of any house in the world. Knowing the address, you can find the right house.

Basically, ordinary user no more need to know. I hope I have answered your question.

Now let's look at a more advanced technical level.

Definition not for dummies

I'll start with an analogy. Each place on our globe has its own coordinates, according to which it is located. For example, we drove through Volgograd a couple of days ago and visited the famous place Mamayev Kurgan with the highest monument of Russia and Europe “The Motherland Calls!”, Which is located at the coordinates 48°44′32″N, 44°32′14″E48 .742286, 44.537112.

Naturally, we did not look for this place by its coordinates, but by name.

The same thing happens on the global Internet, each place (space) where website data is stored has its own IP address (unique network address). Thus, you can get to the site not only by the domain, but also by its IP address.

For example, if you enter in address bar browser with the following IP address 93.158.134.3, the Yandex home page will open. But sometimes several sites can be stored at one such address, and so that the user can get to the resource he needs, unique domain names are used in a convenient human form.

It's like apartments in a building at the same address.

Domain name structure

All domain names consist of areas - domains (from English domain is translated as area, territory).

Each name includes a top (first) level domain, it is customary to determine the zone from it. In my case, this is “ru”. Next comes my unique second-level domain “iklife”..website.

It turns out that in this domain zone no one, except me, can locate your site, it belongs only to me.

Again, by analogy, they have a similar structure: country, district, city, street, etc.

This article will help you understand some aspects among domains. There are several types of domains (levels). Let's try to understand the situation using "live" examples.

http://www.forum.hostings.info

What's to the left of the "//" characters determines the type of protocol that is used to access the information behind the name (http:// is the standard protocol and https:// is the secure protocol). But this article is about something else. Remains www.forum.hostings.info. Here www means the world wide web(World Wide Web) and in many modern sites there is no difference whether we enter www (www.forum.hostings.info) or without it (forum.hostings.info).

Therefore, to make it easier to understand, domain levels can be broken down like this:

info- first level domain

hostings.info - second level domain

forum.hostings.info - third level domain.

What are the levels of domains?

First level

These are domains that are tied to some state (ru - Russia, us - USA, kz - Kazakhstan, etc.) or subject (info - information sites, com - commercial, edu - for educational institutions, etc. ). Full list domain zones, rules for their registration, as well as prices from accredited registrars, see .

Second level

This is the name of the site, which can be registered if it is free.

Third level

As a rule, it is used to create separate sites, inside one large one. For example, on the site so-hosting.info, a third-level domain forum.so-hosting.info would be suitable for a forum. And if we wanted to create a site in different languages, we would make additional sites for this and link them to such domains: site or ua.hostings.info.

Fourth level and others

There are domains and more high level, for example level4..level4.. But it is not recommended to use such domains, because they are inconvenient for users and search engines they are not particularly liked.

How to choose the right domain?

Domain Name Restrictions

• Size requirement for each part of the domain name - it cannot be longer than 63 characters
• No other characters can be used in the name, except for letters of the English alphabet in both cases, numbers and a hyphen, which can only be used inside the name
• Certain restrictions may be imposed by national domain administrators - the minimum or maximum length of a name, the inadmissibility of registering names composed of only numbers, and others.

In fact, such rules apply all over the world, with only minor differences. So, if someone wants to register their domain outside the Russian zone of the Internet, we advise you to carefully read the terms of domain registration in that country and in the domain that you have chosen for yourself.

Important

Be careful because second-level domains are registered for one year. Further, the agreement must be renewed and immediately find out the possibility of registering third-level domains within your domain. All legal nuances, such as who is the owner of a third-level domain, can be found using special services - Whois (which can be roughly translated as "Who is who"), or you can use a special service on the website