Types of information systems in the organization. Strategic information systems

3.6. INFORMATION CONTROL SYSTEMSAND CONTROLLING

3.6.1. Enterprise Management Information Systems (ISMS)

Definitions of basic concepts. Let's start with the definitions necessary to understand the further reasoning.

Information - information about the surrounding world (objects, phenomena, events, processes, etc.), which reduce the existing degree of uncertainty, incompleteness of knowledge, alienated from their creator and become messages. This information is expressed in a certain language in the form of signs, including those recorded on a tangible medium. They can be reproduced by transmission by humans orally, in writing, or otherwise.

Information enables organizations to:

Monitor the current state of the organization, its divisions and processes in them;

Define the strategic, tactical and operational goals and objectives of the organization;

Make informed and timely decisions;

Coordinate the actions of units in achieving goals.

Information need is a conscious understanding of the difference between individual knowledge about a subject and the knowledge accumulated by society.

Data is information reduced to the level of an object of certain transformations.

Document - an information message in paper, sound, electronic or other form, drawn up according to certain rules, certified in accordance with the established procedure.

Document flow is a system for creating, interpreting, transmitting, receiving, archiving documents, as well as monitoring their execution and protecting them from unauthorized access.

Economic information is a set of information about socio-economic processes that serve to control these processes and collectives of people in the production and non-production spheres.

Information resources - the entire amount of information available in the information system.

Information technology is a system of methods and ways of collecting, transferring, accumulating, processing, storing, presenting and using information.

Automation is the replacement of human activity with the work of machines and mechanisms.

Information system (IS) - an information circuit together with the means of collecting, transmitting, processing and storing information, as well as personnel performing these actions with information.

The mission of information systems is the production of information necessary for an organization to ensure effective management of all its resources, the creation of an information and technological environment for managing an organization.

Usually, control systems are divided into three levels: strategic, tactical and operational. Each of these levels of management has its own tasks, in the solution of which there is a need for relevant data; this data can be obtained by queries to the information system. These queries are directed to the relevant information in the information system. Information technologies make it possible to process requests and, using the available information, form a response to these requests. Thus, at each level of management, information appears that serves as the basis for making appropriate decisions.

As a result of the application of information technology to information resources, some new information or information in a new form is created. This information system product is called information products and services.

An information product or service is a specific service when some information content in the form of an aggregate of data, formed by the manufacturer for distribution in tangible and intangible form, is provided for use by the consumer.

Currently, there is an opinion about the information system as a system implemented with the help of computer technology. This is not true. Like information technology, information systems can function with the use of technical means and without such use. This is a matter of economic viability.

Advantages of non-automated (paper) systems:

ease of implementation of existing solutions;

they are easy to understand and require a minimum of training to master;

no technical skills required;

they are generally flexible and adaptable to suit business processes.

The advantages of automated systems:

in an automated IS, it becomes possible to present everything that happens to an organization in a holistic and complex way, since all economic factors and resources are displayed in a single information form as data.

Corporate IS is usually considered as a set of private solutions and components of their implementation, including:

Unified database for storing information;

The aggregate applied systems created by different firms and using different technologies.

The company's information system (in particular, the PMIS) must:

Allow the accumulation of certain experience and knowledge, generalize them in the form of formalized procedures and solution algorithms;

Constantly improve and develop;

Quickly adapt to changes in the external environment and new needs of the organization;

Meet the vital requirements of a person, his experience, knowledge, psychology.

So, an enterprise management information system (ISMS) is operating environment, which is able to provide managers and specialists with up-to-date and reliable information about all business processes of the enterprise, which is necessary for planning operations, their execution, registration and analysis. In other words, the PMIS is a system that carries a description of the full market cycle - from business planning to analyzing the results of the enterprise.

Tasks of the PMIS. Enterprise management in modern conditions requires more and more efficiency. Therefore, the use of enterprise management information systems (ISMS) is one of the most important levers of business development.

Particular tasks solved by the PMIS are largely determined by the field of activity, structure and other features of specific enterprises. As examples, we can refer to the experience of creating an ISMS for an enterprise - a telecom operator and the experience of implementing SAP partners of the R / 3 system at a number of enterprises in the CIS and far abroad. At the same time, an approximate list of tasks that must be solved by the PMIS at various levels of enterprise management and for its various services can be considered generally accepted by now. It is shown in Table 1.

Table 1.

The main tasks of the PMIS

3.6.2. The place of the PMIS in the controlling system

In short, controlling is informational and analytical support for decision making in management. In turn, information management systems are computer support for controlling. Controlling, in turn, is the main provider of information for enterprise management. Target information support controlling - to provide management with information about the current state of affairs of the enterprise and predict the consequences of changes in the internal or external environment. The main tasks of controlling are presented in Table 2.

Table 2.

The main tasks of controlling

Let us compare (in accordance with Table 3) the main tasks that are solved by ISMS and controlling (see Table 1 and Table 2).

Table 3.

Comparison of PMIS and Controlling Tasks

Table 3 shows that the PMIS tasks solved for each level of management and service of the enterprise correspond to the tasks solved by controlling in a particular area of ​​the enterprise's activity (namely, controlling in the management system, financial controlling, etc.).

If we consider the structure of the PMIS, then we can distinguish 5 main modules that are present in each information system. These are financial and economic management, accounting and personnel, warehouse, production, trade (sales).

3.6.3. Prospects for the joint development of PMIS and controlling

In order to look into the future, let us first try to return to the past.

As you know, the development of methods of managing industrial enterprises at the beginning of the twentieth century is associated primarily with the names of G. Ford, F. Taylor, G. Gantt, A. Fayol, Y. Gastev, etc. It was A. Fayol who divided the actions of the administration into a number of functions, which included forecasting and planning, the creation of organizational structures, team leadership, coordination of managers and control.

Inventory management model, leading to the "square root formula" for the optimal order size, proposed by F. Harris in 1915, but became famous after the publication of the well-known work of R. Wilson in 1934, and therefore is often called the Wilson model. The theory of inventory management received a powerful impetus in 1951 thanks to the works of K. Arrow (the future Nobel laureate in economics), T. Harris, J. Marshak. In 1952, the works of A. Dvoretsky, J. Keefer, J. Wolfowitz were published. In Russian, the theory of inventory management was considered in the works of E.V. Bulinskaya, J. Bukan, E. Keningsberg, Yu.I. Ryzhikova, V.A. Lototsky, A.I. Orlova, A.A. Kolobova, I.N. Omelchenko and many others.

It is necessary to note the work on the creation of an ISUP carried out at the Kiev Institute of Cybernetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, created by B.V. Gnedenko in the 1950s (in 1961 this institute was headed by V.M. Glushkov). In the early 60s, work began in the United States on automation of inventory management. The end of the 60s is associated with the work of O. White, who, in the development of automation systems for industrial enterprises, proposed to consider production, supply and sales divisions in a complex. In the publications of O. White, scheduling algorithms were formulated, today known as MRP - Material Requirements Planning- in the late 60s, and MRP II - Production Resource Planning- in the late 70s - early 80s. ...

Not all modern concepts management arose in the United States. So, the planning and management method Just-in-time("Just in time") appeared at the enterprises of the Japanese automobile concern in the 50s, and the methods OPT-optimized technology production facilities were established in Israel in the 70s. Concept computerized integrated CIM production originated in the early 80s and is associated with the integration of flexible manufacturing and management systems. Methods CALS - computer support for the supply and logistics process emerged in the 80s in the US military to improve the efficiency of management and planning in the process of ordering, developing, organizing production, supplying and operating military equipment. ... System ERP - corporate resource planning offered by an analytical firm Gartner Group not so long ago, in the early 90s, and has already confirmed its viability. Systems CRM- customer relationship management became necessary in a highly competitive market, where the focus was not on the product, but on the client. Much has been done in the USSR and in Russia, primarily at the Institute for Control Problems, the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, the All-Russian Research Institute of System Research and the Computing Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

At present, there is a gradual emphasis in enterprise resource planning (based on ERP systems) is shifting to the support and implementation of supply chain management processes ( SCM systems), customer relationship management (CRM systems) and e-business (e-commerce systems).

Based on the analysis of the development trends of the Russian software market for automating the enterprise management process, it can be concluded that its dynamic development and the complication of the range of tasks requiring automation. In the beginning, the heads of Russian enterprises most often set the simplest tasks, in particular, the task of automating the accounting process. With the development of companies, the complication of business processes, there was a need not only for "posthumous accounting", but also for the management of material and technical supplies (logistics processes), work with debtors and creditors and many other activities aimed at solving the problems posed by internal and external environment before the enterprise. To meet these management needs, they began to use corporate information management systems - solutions that cover the activities of the entire enterprise.

Thus, as a result of the "evolution", the ISMS has evolved from computerized accounting and an automated inventory management system into an integrated management system for the entire enterprise.

Currently, a large number of typical ISMS are presented on the market - from local (costing up to 50 thousand US dollars) to large integrated (costing from 500 thousand US dollars and more). Typical solutions of these ISMS are "tied" by the supplying firms to the conditions of specific enterprises.

Note that at present the main part of the PMIS is developed not on the basis of standard solutions, but in a single copy for each individual enterprise. This is done by the relevant divisions of enterprises in order to fully take into account the characteristics of specific enterprises.

The classification of typical systems available on the Russian market has been developed in the work. Here is a description of the main types of PMIS.

· Local systems... As a rule, they are designed to automate activities in one or two areas. Often they can be a so-called "boxed" product. The cost of such solutions ranges from several thousand to several tens of thousands of US dollars.

· Financial and management systems... Such solutions have much greater functionality compared to local ones. However, their distinguishing feature is the absence of modules dedicated to manufacturing processes. And if in the first category only Russian systems are represented, then here the ratio of Russian and Western products is approximately equal. The implementation time for such systems can be up to a year, and the cost can range from $ 50,000 to $ 200,000.

· Medium integrated systems... These systems are designed for plant management and integrated production planning. They are characterized by the presence of specialized functions. Such systems are the most competitive on the domestic market in their area of ​​specialization with large Western systems, while their cost is significantly (an order of magnitude or more) lower than large ones.

· Large integrated systems... To date, these are the most functionally developed and, accordingly, the most complex and expensive systems that implement MRPII and ERP management standards. The terms of implementation of such systems, taking into account the automation of production management, can be several years, and the cost ranges from several hundred thousand to several tens of millions of dollars. It should be noted that these systems are designed primarily to improve the efficiency of management of large enterprises and corporations. Accounting or personnel records fade into the background in this case.

· Constructors Is a commercial software tool, a set of software tools or a specialized programming environment for creating business applications relatively quickly (in comparison with universal programming tools). Naturally, in this case they rely on the invariant methodology and functioning technology underlying the constructor.

· Specialized solutions - are intended mainly for obtaining corporate consolidated reporting, planning, budgeting, data analysis using OLAP technology ( on-lineanalyticalprocessing- on-line data analysis , or rather, multidimensional operational data analysis for decision support).

Econometric methods in PMIS. An analysis of the real needs of enterprises showed that to create a full-fledged system that would provide not only accounting functions, but also forecasting capabilities, scenario analysis, and support for managerial decision-making, a typical set of functions for ERP systems is not enough. The solution of this class of problems requires the use of analytical systems and methods, primarily econometric, the inclusion of these systems and methods in the PMIS.

Econometric methods are an important part of the controller's scientific toolkit, and their computer implementation is an important part of information support for controlling. In the practical use of econometric methods in the operation of the controller, it is necessary to use the appropriate software systems. General statistical systems such as DISAN, PPAND, SPSS, Statgraphics, Statistica, ADDA, and more specialized Statcon, SPC, NADIS, REST(according to statistics of interval data), Matrixer and many others .

ISUP in solving problems of controlling. Summing up, let us first of all note that ISMS play an indisputably important role in solving controlling problems. For the purpose of information support for controlling, a special Controlling module should be included in the PMIS. This is necessary so that the system provides not only computer support for controlling, but provides managers and specialists with up-to-date and reliable information about all business processes of the enterprise, which is necessary for planning operations, their execution, registration and analysis. But it would also become a system that carries information about the complete market cycle - from business planning to analyzing the results of an enterprise's activities.

The "M-3" software package (the next generation of the "M-2" system), developed by the "Client - Server - Technologies" company, is positioned not just as an enterprise management system, but as a product that forms a decision-making environment. In the "M-3" complex, there is a shift in emphasis: from the registration system to a structure that allows forecasting based on professional analysis. The basis for this is the implementation of a controlling mechanism, which implies the creation of a tool for making operational decisions in the financial, production and other areas of enterprise activity.

In addition, the experience of Western companies shows that the demand is gradually growing for large integrated systems, which are distinguished by the depth of support for the management of large multifunctional groups of enterprises (holdings or financial and industrial groups).

And if we talk about the development of the domestic IMSC industry and the widespread introduction of controlling into work practice Russian organizations and enterprises, we have to admit that the stage of full-scale business informatization is just beginning for the majority of Russian enterprises.

Literature

1. Orlov A.I., Volkov D.L. Econometric methods for resource management and business information support for a telecom operator. // Pridniprovskiy naukoviy visnik. Donbaski vipusk. Economics. No. 109 (176). Breast 1998 p.
2. Vinogradov S.L. Controlling as a management technology. Practical notes // Controlling. 2002. No. 2.
3. Karminsky A.M., Dementyev A.V., Zhevaga A.A. Informatization of controlling in the financial and industrial group // Controlling. 2002. No. 2.
4. Karminsky A.M., Olenev N.I., Primak A.G., Falko S.G. Controlling in business. Methodological and practical foundations for building controlling in organizations. - M .: Finance and statistics, 1998 .-- 256 p.
5. Orlov A.I. Sustainability in socio-economic models. - M .: Nauka, 1979 .-- 296 p.
6. White OU Management of production and inventory in the computer age. - M .: Progress. 1978 .-- 302 p.
7. Computer-integrated production and CALS-technologies in mechanical engineering. - M .: Federal Information and Analytical Center for the Defense Industry. 1999 .-- 510 p.
8. Lyubavin A.A. Features of the modern methodology for the implementation of controlling in Russia // Controlling. 2002. No. 1.
9. Karpachev I. You will go to the left // Enterprise partner: corporate systems. 2000. No. 10.
10. Orlov A.I. Econometrics. - M .: Examination, 2002 .-- 576 p.
11. Orlov A.I. Econometric support for controlling // Controlling. 2002. No. 1.
12. Guskova E.A., Orlov A.I. Information systems of enterprise management in solving controlling problems // Controlling. 2003. No. 1.

Control questions

1. What is the role of information in management?
2. Should an information system be necessarily implemented using computer technology?
3. Discuss basic definitions in the field of enterprise management information systems.
4. What are the main objectives of the PMIS?
5. What is the essence of controlling?
6. What are the main tasks of controlling?
7. What is the place of the PMIS in the controlling system?

Topics of reports, abstracts, research papers

1. Composition and movement of information arrays.
2. The history of the development of the PMIS.
3. Handling paper and electronic documents.
4. Controlling in Russia.
4. Econometric methods in information systems.
5. The role of the Internet and corporate computer networks in enterprise management.

support the managers of operations, monitor the elementary actions of the organization. The main purpose of systems at this level is to answer common questions and guide transaction flows through the organization. To answer these types of questions, information generally needs to be readily available, prompt and accurate.

Knowledge Level Systems support knowledge workers and data processors in the organization. The purpose of knowledge-level systems is to help the business firm integrate new knowledge into the business and to help the organization manage the flow of documents.

Control level systems designed to serve the control, management, decision making and administrative activities of middle managers.

Strategic level systems - it is a tool to help top-level executives prepare strategic research and long-term trends in the firm and in the business environment. Their main purpose is to align changes in operating conditions with existing organizational capacity.

Information systems can be classified according to their functional characteristics. The main organizational functions such as sales and marketing, manufacturing, finance, accounting and human resources are served by their own information systems. In large organizations, the sub-functions of each of these main functions also have their own information systems. For example, a manufacturing function might have systems for inventory management, process control, plant maintenance, automated development and material planning requirements.

For example, a sales function has an operational level sales system to record daily business data and process orders. The knowledge level system creates appropriate displays for the demonstration of the company's products. Management plane systems track monthly business data for all commercial areas and report areas where sales exceed or fall below expected levels. The forecasting system predicts commercial trends over a five-year period - serving the strategic level of manufacturing, finance, accounting and human resources.

Each system can have components that are used by different organizational levels or several at the same time.

Consider six main types of information systems serving four levels of the organization (table 2.1).

Table 2.1 - Six main types of information systems used at four levels in an organization

Thus, generic information systems are designed to assist managers at every level in performing the functions of: sales and marketing; production; finance; accounting, and human resources.

At the strategic level, these are Executive Support Systems (ESS). At the management level, there are Management Information Systems (MIS) and Decision Support Systems (DSS). At the knowledge level - Knowledge Work System (KWS) and Office Automation Systems (OAS). At the operational level, there are Transaction Processing Systems (TPS).

In addition, each of these systems can be used by different organizational levels, and at the same time by several (table 2.2).

Table 2.2 - Characteristics of information processes in information systems

TPS is usually the main source of data for other systems, while ESS is primarily the recipient of data from lower-level systems. Other types of systems can also communicate with each other.

Figure 2.2 shows the relationship between different types of systems in organizations. The links between DSS and TPS, KWS and MIS are uncertain.

Figure 2.2 - Relationships among information systems

In some cases, DSS is closely related to existing general information flows. However, DSSs are often isolated from the main organizational information systems. DSSs tend to be stand-alone systems designed for end-users — departments or groups not under central control, although it is obviously better if they are integrated into organizational systems when functionally required.

Within each of the decision-making levels, decisions are classified as structured and unstructured. Unstructured decisions - in which the decision maker must provide judgment, assessment, and communication with the application area. Each of these decisions is original, there is no established practice and procedure for their adoption. Structural decisions, on the contrary, are common, repeatable and there is a certain procedure for making them such that they are not considered new every time. Some solutions are semi-structured; in such cases, only part of the problem has a clear answer that can be obtained in accordance with the accepted procedure.

Figure 2.3 shows the levels of management, the types of tasks to be solved when making decisions and the information systems used to solve them. In general, management operations personnel face fairly well structured problems. In contrast, strategic planners tackle very unstructured problems. Many of the problems that knowledge workers face are also rather unstructured. However, each level of the organization contains both structured and unstructured problems.

Figure 2.3 - Different types of ICs support different types decisions

Information process

Let's consider the concept of information process (IP). State standard of the Russian Federation “Information security. The procedure for creating automated systems in a protected version "(GOST R 51583-2000) gives the following definition of IP: information process- the process of receiving, creating, collecting, processing, accumulating, storing, searching, distributing and using information.

In other words, IP is a purposefully organized process of changing the information states of the system, as a result of which information transformations are carried out, leading to a change in the form and / or content in space and / or in time.

IP is a purposeful set of data and information transformation operations implemented in a specific physical environment from the system resources allocated for this purpose.

IP can be of various types:

Simple (sequential) and complex (parallel, branching, loopback);

Homogeneous and heterogeneous (in terms of used system resources and service order);

Basic and auxiliary.

The concept of an information process differs from the concept of information interaction in that it explicitly emphasizes the structured and temporal nature of the interaction of systems and elements.

The functioning of the external and internal circuits is always based on certain information processes, each of which consists of a certain set of data and information transformation operations. They usually include the processes of transmission, extraction, collection, processing, accumulation of data and information, analysis and generalization of information, etc. These processes largely determine the structure of the IS, that is, the composition of the necessary subsystems and functional modules that implement information interaction with OIV, and operations to ensure the functioning of the external and internal circuits. Information processes can be dominant, representing the basis of the general process of the functioning of the IS, and auxiliary sub-processes embedded in a process of a general nature. But in any case, they must be holistic, consistent with a clearly defined end result of their implementation. It is also obvious that not all typical information processes that relate to the outer loop can be implemented in the inner loop. Conversely, there are a number of specific processes (for example, the process of accumulating information) that are purely internal in nature.

Thus, it can be argued that the structural characteristics of the IS are associated with an objectively necessary list of information processes played out in the system during its interaction with the IW, and their implementation based on physical elements systems (subsystems) allocated to this level hierarchical description.

6. A very important classification feature is the stage of development and operation (life cycle stage) of the system. At the same time, in the early stages of creation, the system exists in the form of models, that is, in a certain way abstracted ideas about it. At later stages, the system becomes physical, that is, it is embodied in the form of a model, a prototype, a serially produced and operated product. Each stage of development defines its own methods and tools for IP research aimed at its further improvement and development.

Taking into account the completed concretization of the main system features, you can always proceed to the formation of a typical appearance of the IS. For a formal description of the system, based on the known tasks of the system, it is necessary to determine the objects and forms of information presentation, methods and means of its transmission, processing and transformation, that is, it is necessary to display information processes as a set basic operations to transform data and information.

For this we use the well-known formalization, according to which any information unit (data unit) - I, which has consumer quality, is characterized by the content - S, form - F, spatial arrangement - L, and time - T, i.e., by the set I = {S,F,L,T). Each of these characteristics can change during the implementation of the information process. At the same time, the following types of information transformation are distinguished:

Content transformation resulting in new information (for example, decision-making based on registered data);

Form transformation (for example, encoding information messages (clause 2.1), displaying information in a convenient form);

Transformation in space (for example, accumulation by combining data obtained at different points in space, transfer of information from one object to another);

Transformation in time (for example, accumulation by combining data obtained at different points in time, data storage).

An elementary action in the information process is the operation of transforming data (information), which is a typical link in the general sequence of transformations performed. The basic operations of data and information transformation that can be used in the implementation of typical processes are: registration, formation, collection, storage, search, reproduction, display, distribution, etc.

Let's conduct a brief analysis of the main (basic) information processes.

Information transfer process(resulting transformation L). The main purpose of this process is the transfer of data and information from the OIV source to the OIV consumer or from one element of the system to another within the framework of coordinated information interaction. Transmitted information in this process it is called an information message, this emphasizes its holistic, semantic nature for the consumer. This process is dominant in communication and telecommunication systems and is a sequence of basic operations that carry out the following types of signal and information transformation:

Registration of information message ( F,T);

Information coding ( F,T);

Modulation and transmission of a signal - information carrier ( F) – 3;

Physical distribution ( L);

Signal reception and demodulation ( F);

Decoding information ( F,T);

Information message display ( F) .

Information retrieval processL,S). Within the framework of this process, as a rule, an indifferent communication, the main purpose of which is to obtain information about the state of the IRS source by making appropriate decisions (object detection, recognition of the object's activity, estimation of the coordinates and trajectory of the object, etc.). This information is obtained in the system based on the accumulation and processing of primary data on the parameters of the received signals.

The considered IP has branching and feedback. In this case, this reflects two possible modes of implementation of the process. The first is the mode of "learning" the system, that is, the mode of studying the object and accumulating information about its behavior, which can later be used when making decisions regarding the states of the object of interest to the consumer.

The second mode implements direct decision making taking into account the previously received information. Feedback characterizes the possibility of combining the specified modes of the process implementation.

PI collection and data processing ( resulting transformations S, T). The purpose of this process is to conduct meaningful analysis and generalization of a large amount of data received from an object, based on the solution of either a computational problem or the problem of making information decisions. As a result of solving the problem, new information is generated regarding current state OIV source, which is of interest to the consumer. The fundamental difference between this process and the previous one is that data are collected and registered in the system in the mode of coordinated and contact interaction (for example, by direct data entry), and the conditions for solving the computational problem are known in advance and clearly defined.

The process of accumulating data and information(resulting transformations F,T). This process in many cases is an auxiliary, nested sub-process, but in some cases it has an independent meaning and is dominant, for example, in information and reference systems, focused primarily on the creation and maintenance of databases, data warehouses, etc.

When analyzing and synthesizing, information processes can be broken down into separate interacting procedures, the composition, purpose and structure of which are completely established. For example, in the transmission process, the procedures of transformation, encoding and decoding, modulation and demodulation are separated. In the presence of several interacting sources and consumers of information, the exchange process additionally introduces switching, routing and load limiting procedures.

When implemented, any procedure can be determined by a set of works to be performed. The concept of "work" is ambiguous, however, as a component of the procedure and, accordingly, the information process, it is widely used at the logical level of presentation. Generally, work can be expressed in terms of actions on data, which is most clearly manifested in programming technology. In this case, initialization conditions must be found for any action. The definition of input and output data for actions and the logic of their relationships is called action specifications. The object of actions is data, for which it is also useful to perform a specification, that is, to determine the possibility of applying certain actions to them.

3. SYSTEM APPROACH. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

The functional feature determines the purpose of the subsystem, as well as its main goals, objectives and functions. The structure of an information system can be represented as a set of its functional subsystems, and a functional feature can be used in the classification information systems.

In the economic practice of industrial and commercial facilities with typical activities that determine the functional attribute of the classification information systems are: production, marketing, financial, personnel.

Production activity is associated with the direct release of products and is aimed at the creation and implementation of scientific and technical innovations in production.

Marketing activities include:

• market analysis of manufacturers and consumers of products, sales analysis;
• organization of an advertising campaign to promote products;
• rational organization of material and technical supply.

Financial activity is associated with the organization of control and analysis of the financial resources of the company on the basis of accounting, statistical, operational information.

Personnel activities are aimed at the selection and placement of specialists necessary for the company, as well as maintaining official documentation on various aspects.

The specified areas of activity have determined the standard set information systems:

• production systems;
• marketing systems;
• financial and accounting systems;
• personnel systems (human resources);
• other types that perform auxiliary functions depending on the specifics of the firm's activities.

In large firms, the main functional information system may consist of several subsystems to perform subfunctions. For example, a manufacturing information system has the following subsystems: inventory management, production process control, computer engineering, etc.

Types of information systems

The type of information system depends on whose interests it serves and at what level of management.

Figure 9.2 shows one of the possible classification options information systems on a functional basis, taking into account management levels and personnel qualifications.

Figure 9.2 shows that the higher in importance the level of management, the less the amount of work performed by a specialist and a manager using the information system.

Rice. 9.2.

However, this increases the complexity and intellectual capabilities of the information system and its role in managerial decision making. Any level of government needs information from everyone functional systems, but in different volumes and with varying degrees of generalization.

The base of the pyramid is Information Systems, with the help of which employees - performers are engaged in operational data processing, and lower-level managers - in operational management.

At the top of the pyramid at the strategic management level Information Systems change their role and become strategic, supporting the activities of top managers in decision-making in conditions of poor structured tasks.

Information system of the operational (operational) level

An information system of the operational level supports executing specialists by processing data on transactions and events (invoices, invoices, salaries, loans, flow of raw materials and supplies). The purpose of IS at this level is to respond to inquiries about the current state and track the flow of transactions in the firm, which corresponds to operational management. To cope with this, the information system must be easily accessible, continuously operational and provide accurate information.

The objectives, goals and sources of information at the operational level are predefined and highly structured. The solution is programmed in accordance with the given algorithm.

The operational level information system is the link between the firm and the external environment. If the system works poorly, then the organization either does not receive information from the outside, or does not issue information. In addition, the system is the main provider of information for other types information systems in the organization, as it contains both operational and archival information.

Disabling this IP would lead to irreversible negative consequences.

Information systems of specialists

Information Systems at this level, help data scientists increase the productivity and productivity of engineers and designers. The task of such information systems- integration of new information into the organization and assistance in processing paper documents.

As an industrial society transforms into an information society, the productivity of the economy will increasingly depend on the level of development of these systems. Such systems, especially in the form of workstations and office systems, are the fastest growing in business today.

In this class information systems two groups can be distinguished:

• Information Systems office automation;
• Information Systems knowledge processing.

Information Systems office automation, due to its simplicity and versatility, is actively used by employees of any organizational level. Most often they are used by workers of average qualification: accountants, secretaries, clerks. The main goal is to process data, improve their efficiency and simplify clerical work.

Office automation ICs connect information workers across geographies and help keep in touch with customers, customers, and other organizations. Their activities mainly cover document management, communications, scheduling, etc. These systems perform the following functions:

• word processing on computers using various word processors;
• production of high quality printed products;
• archiving documents;
• electronic calendars and notebooks for conducting business information;
• electronic and audio mail;
• video and teleconferences.

Information Systems knowledge processing, including expert systems, absorb the knowledge required by engineers, lawyers, scientists when developing or creating a new product. Their job is to create new information and new knowledge. So, for example, existing specialized workstations for engineering and scientific design can provide a high level of technical developments.

Information systems for middle managers

Information Systems management level are used by middle management employees for monitoring (constant monitoring), control, decision-making and administration. The main functions of these information systems:

• comparison of current indicators with past;
• preparation of periodic reports for certain time, and not the issuance of reports on current events, as at the operational level;
• providing access to archival information, etc.

Some ISs provide non-trivial decision making. In the case when the requirements for information support are not strictly defined, they are able to answer the question: "what will happen if ...?".

At this level, two types can be distinguished information systems: managerial (for management) and decision support systems.

Management ISs have very little analytical capabilities. They serve executives who need daily, weekly status updates. Their main purpose is to track the daily operations in the company and periodically generate strictly structured summary standard reports... Information comes from an operational level information system.

Management characteristics information systems:

• are used to support decision-making of structured and semi-structured tasks at the level of control over operations;
• focused on control, reporting and decision-making on the operational environment;
• rely on existing data and its flows within the organization;
• have little analytical capabilities and an inflexible structure.

Decision support systems serve semi-structured tasks, the results of which are difficult to predict in advance. They have a more powerful analytical apparatus with several models. Information is obtained from management and operational information systems... These systems are used by everyone who needs to make a decision: managers, specialists, analysts, etc. For example, their recommendations can be useful when deciding whether to buy or rent equipment, etc.

Specifications decision support systems:

• provide solutions to problems, the development of which is difficult to predict;
• equipped with sophisticated instrumentation modeling and analysis;
• allow you to easily change the setting of the tasks being solved and the input data;
• are flexible and easily adapt to changing conditions several times a day;
• have a technology that is as user-centered as possible.

Strategic information systems

The development and success of any organization (firm) is largely determined by the strategy adopted in it. A strategy is understood as a set of methods and means for solving promising long-term tasks.

In this context, one can also perceive the concepts of "strategic method", "strategic means", "strategic system", etc. Currently, in connection with the transition to market relations, the issue of development strategy and behavior of the company began to pay great attention, which contributed to a fundamental change in views on Information Systems... They began to be regarded as strategically important systems that affect the change in the choice of the company's goals, its tasks, methods, products, services, allowing it to stay ahead of competitors, as well as to establish closer interaction with consumers and suppliers. A new type has appeared information systems- strategic.

Strategic information system - a computer information system that provides support for decision-making on the implementation of strategic long-term development goals of the organization.

There are known situations when a new quality information systems forced to change not only the structure, but also the profile of firms, contributing to their prosperity. However, in this case, an undesirable psychological situation may arise, associated with the automation of some functions and types of work, since this may put some of the employees and workers at risk of layoffs.

Let us consider the quality of the information system as a strategic tool for the activities of any organization using the example of a company that manufactures products similar to those already available on the consumer market. In these conditions, it is necessary to withstand competition with other firms. What can the use of the information system bring in this situation?

To answer this question, you need to understand the relationship of the firm with its external environment. Figure 9.3 shows the impact of external factors on a firm:

• competitors pursuing their policy on the market;
• buyers with different opportunities to purchase goods and services;
• suppliers who pursue their own pricing policy.

A firm can secure a competitive advantage by considering these factors and following the following strategies:

• creation of new goods and services that compare favorably with similar ones;
• finding markets where the goods and services of the firm have a number of distinctive features in comparison with the analogues already available there;
• the creation of such connections that secure buyers and suppliers for a given firm and make it unprofitable to turn to another;
• reducing the cost of products without compromising quality.

Information Systems strategic level help senior management to decide unstructured tasks like those described above, carry out long-term planning. The main task is to compare the changes taking place in the external environment with the existing potential of the company. They are designed to create common environment computer and telecommunication decision support in unexpected situations. Using the most sophisticated programs, these systems are capable of providing information from many sources at any time. Some strategic systems have limited analytical capabilities.

At this organizational level, IS play a supporting role and are used as a means of promptly providing the manager with the necessary information for making decisions.

At present, the general concept of building strategic information systems due to the versatility of their use, not only by purpose, but also by function. There are two points of view: one is based on the opinion that you first need to formulate your goals and strategies for achieving them, and only then adapt the information system to the existing strategy; the second is that the organization uses strategic IP in setting goals and strategic planning. A seemingly rational approach to developing strategic information systems there will be a methodology for synthesizing these two points of view.

Information systems in the company

It is desirable for any company to have several local ISs for different purposes, which interact with each other and support management decisions at all levels. Figure 9.4 shows one such option.

Links of various nature and purpose are organized between local ISs. Some local ISs can be associated with large quantity systems operating in the company and have access to the external environment, others are associated with only one or several related. The modern approach to the organization of communication is based on the use of local in-house computer networks with access to a similar IS of another company or a division of a corporation. At the same time, they use the resources of regional and global networks.

On the basis of the integration of IS for various purposes with the help of computer networks, corporate ISs are created in the company. Such ISs provide the user with the ability to work both with a general corporate database and with local databases.

Consider the role of corporate IP in a firm in relation to the formation of the value of products.

Information Systems in the company, supporting all stages of production, they can provide information of varying degrees of detail for analysis, as a result of which the stages are identified where there is an excess increase in the cost of production. In this case, a strategy to reduce the cost of production can be chosen. The results of the measures taken, in turn, will be reflected in the information system. Once again, it will be possible to use the information obtained for analysis. And so on until the goal is achieved.

An information system can have the greatest effect if the firm is viewed as a chain of actions, as a result of which there is a gradual formation of the value of products or services produced. Then using information systems various functional purposes included in this chain can influence the strategy of making managerial decisions aimed at increasing the firm's income.

All objects can represent a so-called system.

System- it forms a single whole set of material and non-material objects, united by some common features, purposes, properties, conditions of existence, life, functioning, etc.

System operation- the process of processing input information into output information, which is sequential in time.

Subsystem- part of any system.

System properties (including IS):

complexity- the system depends on the many components included in it, their structural interaction, as well as the complexity of internal and external connections;

divisibility- the system consists of a number of subsystems or elements, identified according to certain characteristics and meeting specific goals and objectives;

integrity systems - means that all elements of the system function as a single whole;

the variety of elements of the system and the difference in their nature- the property is associated with the functioning of the elements, their specificity and autonomy;

structure - determines the presence of established connections and relationships between elements within the system, the distribution of system elements by levels and hierarchies;

adaptability systems - means the adaptability of the system to the conditions of a specific subject area;

integrability- means the ability of the system to interact with newly connected components or subsystems.

The systems differ significantly from each other both in composition and in terms of their main goals. Here are several systems consisting of different elements and aimed at the implementation of different goals (Table 1.1).

Table 1.1 - Examples of different systems

Information system- is a set of software and hardware, as well as organizational support, which together provide information support to a person in various fields of his activity. I would especially like to draw the reader's attention to the fact that an information system is not only a software product and computers with network equipment, but also a list of regulations and standards for the operation of the system, personnel involved in the management and administration of all its components and the data with which this the system controls.

The management of any company that implements a new information system must determine for itself, first of all, who will be the user, administrator and data provider, as well as how the operation of the system will fit into the existing staffing table, comply with the current regulatory documents and, finally, comply with the current goals and mission of the company as a whole. Only by answering these questions can you start thinking about what hardware you need and how much the software will cost.

So, most often we are faced with automated information systems - systems that require people to participate in the processes of self-management. Systems that do not require human control are called automatic information systems. This does not mean that automatic systems do not have users, but only means that their work is not controlled by the actions of users. Of the most accessible examples of information systems operating in almost automatic mode, one can name search engines on the Internet, such as Google or Yandex, which independently search for new and sort existing information, and their users are just sources of requests and consumers of responses. All information systems can be roughly divided into information retrieval systems, which include the above-mentioned Internet services, and data processing systems, where users already have the ability to correct the information controlled by the system.

By appointment information systems can be classified into:

Automated control systems(ACS) are used to automate the management of business processes in an enterprise (ACS) from finance, accounting and workflow to specific technological processes in production or in the maintenance of industrial assets. The database of systems that automate technological processes (APCS), as a rule, contains the passport data of the equipment, data on events related to its operation (inspections, repairs), the results of measurements, tests and other information that affects the management of this entire production facility. ... Automated control systems consist of a large number of different subsystems, including those that will be described below. All these subsystems are data sources for the automated control system. The information accumulated in the automated enterprise management system should also be used to analyze the efficiency of the enterprise and plan its development in the future.

Geographic Information Systems(GIS) make it possible to store information about target objects in the form of spatial data and present this information in the form e-card... GIS allows you to work with objects in terms of spatial queries - to select data in accordance with specified spatial criteria (belonging to a given territory, distance from a specified point, etc., etc.).

Dispatch control systems are designed to provide the relevant company personnel (dispatchers) with the ability to monitor and remotely manage the production assets of the enterprise, as well as to manage emergency situations, including monitoring the development of accidents and other unforeseen events.

Computer-aided design systems(CAD, CAD) is the main tool of the engineering design personnel. Such systems allow you to create drawings of design objects in electronic form both in two and in three-dimensional projections and do this in accordance with accepted standards and with the required accuracy.

Modern information systems are increasingly difficult to refer to any one specific type due to their complexity and multifunctionality.

The relationship between information systems ( IS) and information technology ( IT).

Information technology- the process of various operations and actions on data. All processes of information transformation in an information system are carried out using information technologies.

Information system- the environment, the constituent elements of which are computers, computer networks, software products, Database, people, various kinds of technological and software tools, etc.

In this way, information technology is a more capacious concept than an information system... The implementation of the functions of an information system is impossible without knowledge of information technology oriented towards it. Information technology can exist outside the sphere of the information system.

Information systems properties:

any IS can be analyzed, built and controlled on the basis of the general principles of building complex systems;

when building an IS, it is necessary to use a systematic approach;

IP is a dynamic and evolving system;

IS should be perceived as an information processing system, consisting of computer and telecommunication devices, implemented on the basis of modern technologies;

the output product of the IS is information on the basis of which decisions are made or automatic execution of routine operations is carried out;

human participation depends on the complexity of the system, types and sets of data, the degree of formalization of the tasks being solved.

Processes in the information system:

input of information from external and internal sources;

processing of incoming information;

storing information for its subsequent use;

information output in a user-friendly form;

feedback, i.e. presentation of information processed into this organization, to correct the incoming information.

Taking into account the scope of application, they are distinguished: technical IP, economic IP, IP in humanitarian fields, etc.

Economic information system ( EIS) is a system, the functioning of which in time consists in collecting, storing, processing and disseminating information about the activities of some economic object of the real world. EIS are designed to solve data processing problems, automate office work, perform information retrieval and individual tasks based on artificial intelligence methods.

Enterprise management information systems ( PMIS) can also be defined as an open integrated real-time automated system for automating business processes of a company at all levels, including business processes for making management decisions.

The main goal of creating an information system for enterprise management is to increase the company's profit through the most efficient use of all company resources and improve the quality of management decisions. Enterprise management IS is usually "complex" and covers all areas of the enterprise.

Enterprise management ISs include a set of integrated applications (components) that comprehensively, in a single information space, support all the main aspects of enterprise management activities - resource planning (financial, human, material) for the production of goods (services), operational management of the implementation of plans (including supply, sales, contract management), all types of accounting, analysis of business results.

Table 1.1.- Types of classification of information systems

The main requirements for enterprise management IS are:

1) Centralization of data in a single database;

2) Mode of operation close to real time;

3) Maintaining a common management model for enterprises of any industry;

4) Support for geographically distributed structures;

5) Work on a wide range of hardware and software platforms and DBMS.

6) Allows you to manage the full operational cycle of the company and cover all phases of business processes.

7) The ability for the user to change the company management system.

Enterprise management information systems can reduce operating, management and commercial costs, shorten the implementation cycle, increase the turnover of inventories, improve the utilization of fixed assets, etc.

Global integration of all information flows within a single system ensures optimal use of information, directly influencing the efficiency of making management decisions and the speed of reaction to market changes 1.

PMIS allow to reduce and unify the used Hardware, due to the "client-server" technology and the integration of the information system, unification of processes in groups of companies (after a merger or acquisition), unification of data on human resources, reduction in the number of personnel (engaged in accounting functions and providing support for the information system).

In addition, PMIS provide one-time collection of extended data eliminating duplication. It is carried out in the context of processes, not functions, which allows you to assess the state of the process of interest at any time. The commonality of data presentation, provided by the implementation of integrated management systems, provides enterprise management with expanded opportunities for the preparation of standard and specialized reports. Storing all data in a single company database guarantees a high level of information availability, as well as a single point of view on reporting information 2.

Resource management systems contribute to the reorientation of users to analyze information, and not only to tactical use, implement the integration of data from various departments, providing a systematic vision of the ongoing processes. Accounting and reporting functions are transferred directly to functional subsystems, increasing the efficiency of data updating and their reliability.

At the same time, PMIS also have a number of disadvantages. First of all, this is the high complexity and cost of implementing ERP systems with an unknown in advance the effect of their use. The need to restructure business processes when introducing integrated management systems is the cause of additional risks and costs for the enterprise.

Moreover, shortcomings in PMIS at first glance, pluses can also become obvious. So, storing data in a single database reduces the survivability of the information system, since the problems are reflected at once on all divisions. For the same reason, the risks associated with violation of information security systems. In the case of insufficiently flexible solutions related to the user interface, the volume of input data in the system can significantly increase and, as a result, the time for performing standard operations in comparison with the use of specialized control systems 3.

The complexity of the PMIS interfaces for creating non-standard queries and the huge volumes of databases lead to the need to create data warehouses with various "lightweight" projections of the central database and their own tools for creating and processing queries. The need for significant computing resources required to generate complex reports and the high licensing cost of workstations are forcing companies to create portals and place already received reports on them in order to provide access to more users.

Reducing the role of personnel in the direct management of the company's processes turns the PMIS into a kind of "black box". Some of the processes are hidden from employees, which can cause errors in the operation of the enterprise. With the reduction of accounting employees, the accounting functions are shifted to employees performing the operations subject to accounting. This may require their retraining, as well as adapting the interfaces to work with inexperienced users 4.

A simultaneous change in business processes, interfaces, workflow and employee authority during the introduction of the PMIS into operation sometimes leads, at first, to a significant decrease in the company's productivity - until the new processes are debugged and the staff adapts to the new working conditions (on average, such a period of decline lasts about 6 months).

Finally, PMIS does not always allow the use of components from different manufacturers, making the company dependent on a single solution provider. This not only does not provide the necessary flexibility of the management system, but also introduces additional risks associated with the development of the supplier's products and its position in the market.

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Plan

1. The concept of an information system

2. Corporate information system

3. Automated control system

4. ERP system (Enterprise Resource Planning System)

5. System of operational management of production MES

1. The concept of informationration system

The term information system (IS) is used in both broad and narrow sense.

In a broad sense, the information system there is a combination of technical, software and organizational support, as well as personnel, designed to provide the right people with the right information in a timely manner.

In the narrow sense of the information system refers to only a subset of IS components in a broad sense, including databases, DBMS and specialized application programs.

2. Korpoactive information system

Corporate information system (CIS)- management ideology that combines business strategy and information technology.

Corporate information system is a scalable system designed for the integrated automation of all types of economic activities of large and medium-sized enterprises, including corporations consisting of a group of companies requiring unified management.

The management of any fast-growing company sooner or later faces the problem of organizing information and automating the processes involved in processing this information.

If at the initial stage of the company's development a situation is possible when employees use standard office applications, then over time, the growth of information volumes sets the company the task of creating a modern Corporate Information System.

The result of the implementation of the Corporate Information System (CIS) will be:

· Increasing the internal manageability of the company, flexibility and resilience to external influences;

· Increasing the efficiency of the company, its competitiveness, and ultimately - profitability;

· Increase in sales volumes;

· Cost reduction;

· Reduction of warehouse stocks;

· Reduction of lead times;

· Improving interaction with suppliers.

A corporate information system can be considered a system that automates more than 80% of the divisions of an enterprise.

Corporate information systems are an evolution of systems for workgroups, they are focused on large companies and can support geographically dispersed nodes or networks. Basically, they have a hierarchical structure of several levels. Such systems are characterized by a client-server architecture with specialization of servers or a multi-tier architecture. When developing such systems, the same database servers can be used as when developing group information systems. However, in large information systems, the most widely used servers are Oracle, DB2 and Microsoft SQL Server.

For group and corporate systems, the requirements for the reliability of operation and data safety are significantly increased. These properties are maintained by maintaining data, reference, and transactional integrity in the database servers.

The most essential feature of an integrated information system should be the expansion of the automation loop to obtain a closed, self-regulating system capable of flexibly and quickly rebuilding the principles of its functioning.

The structure of the CIS should include means for documentation support of management, information support subject areas, communication software, tools for organizing teamwork of employees and other auxiliary (technological) products. From this, in particular, it follows that a mandatory requirement for corporate information systems is the integration of a large number of software products.

3. Automated control system

Distinguish:

1. Automated process control system or APCS- solves the problems of operational management and control of technical objects in industry, energy, transport

2. Automated production control system (ACS P)- solves the problems of organizing production, including the main production processes, incoming and outgoing logistics. Carries out short-term planning of production, taking into account production capacities, analysis of product quality, modeling of the production process. To solve these problems, MIS and MES systems are used, as well as LIMS systems.

Automated enterprise management system or ACS - To solve these problems, MRP, MRP II and ERP systems are used. If the enterprise is a higher educational institution, there is an ACS of the higher educational institution.

Automated traffic control system or ASUD - designed to control vehicles and pedestrian flows on the road network of a city or highway

Automated control system for street lighting ("ACS UO") - designed to organize the automation of centralized control of street lighting.

"Automatic control system" for hotels. Along with this name, PMS Property Management System is used

4. ERP systems(Enterprise Resource Planning System).

Functionality of the ERP system:

· Financial management.

· Personnel Management.

Supplier relationship management

· Management of transport activities of enterprises (STC).

· Solution for maintenance and repair.

· Sales solution for power engineering.

5. Manufacturing Execution System MES

MAIN FUNCTIONS:

· Operational planning of production with the formation of production programs for units;

· Operational accounting of production and tracking of material flows;

· Regulatory and reference support of the production process and product quality control;

· Technology management, including the formation and transfer of the automated process control system of technological flow chart units for the production of products;

· Information management of warehouses for blanks and finished products, support of certification processes and product shipment;

· Interaction with related automation systems.

IMPLEMENTATION PRINCIPLES AND KEY SYSTEM FEATURES

An integrated approach to automating all business processes of production management at the department level. The system modules interact to solve the problems of operational planning, production and quality management, accounting and dispatching of material flows.

Application of advanced product quality management tools that allow for 100% control of technology and quality performance. Implemented the possibility of piece or batch certification of products. The original methods of quality management of long metal products were used, which made it possible to detail quality indicators along the length of a unit of production. A high degree of autonomy, versatility and fault tolerance of the system modules makes it possible for them to function independently of adjacent modules. This allows you to form a set of delivery at the request of the customer. The solution performs its functions regardless of the availability or availability of related automation systems. For this, the duplication of the main functions of related systems in the normal mode of operation is provided and the possibility of manual input of key data in case of impossibility of their automatic receipt is implemented. The implementation of the project includes adaptation to the existing technical solutions and organizational structure at the enterprise. Interfaces for interaction with all related automation systems are being created.

COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONING PRINCIPLES OF THE SYSTEM

The solution is based on six main subsystems: operational production planning; production accounting and material flow tracking; technology management; quality management; management of warehouses.

Operational production planning subsystem

Provides operational production planning, dispatching, drawing up and optimization of production programs for the units of the shop. The process is carried out on the basis of orders received from the enterprise resource management system, or requests entered by shop dispatchers. Tracking the implementation and updating of production programs for units is carried out in close to real time. To provide data to dispatching personnel, a wide range of reports, reporting forms, visualization of production programs, unit programs, execution reports, etc. have been implemented.

Subsystem of production accounting and material flow tracking

It monitors the movement of material flows, controls the execution of production tasks, generates reports on the progress of the process, and visualizes the current state. Accounting for material flows is based on tracking the execution of tasks and the shipment of products. Based on this information, as well as technological passports and product quality passports generated by the quality management subsystem, progress reporting is generated technological process.

Technology control subsystem

Carries out regulation of technological modes of production and parameters of product quality control. The subsystem contains the full volume of technological regulatory information, on the basis of which technological requirements for each position of the production program are formed and transmitted to the APCS of the units. In parallel, the corresponding control parameters are transferred to the quality management subsystem.

Quality management subsystem

Carries out monitoring and control of technology execution, automated assessment of product quality and communication with testing laboratories. Product quality control is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the level of performance of technological modes is determined and a technological passport of each unit of production is formed. At the second stage, for products produced without violating the technology, their consumer properties are calculated using the methods of mathematical statistics. A set of requirements for quality control by statistical methods has been implemented, in particular, methods for identifying control lots and generating control charts.

Warehouse management subsystem

The subsystem records the receipt, placement and movement of semi-finished and finished products in warehouses, preparation of certificates, inventory and accompanying documentation. The work of the warehouse management subsystem is based on individual accounting of operations performed with each product unit, tracking the history of their receipt at the warehouse, revisions, quality control and shipment from the warehouse. Along with piece-by-piece accounting, group interfaces (melting, batch) have been implemented.

INTERACTION WITH RELATED AUTOMATION SYSTEMS

Interaction with an enterprise resource management system (ERP) consists in importing a rough production plan and exporting reports converted to compatible formats. The reporting includes data on consumed material and technical resources, product shipment, production capacity utilization, product quality. Using this information allows you to improve the efficiency of resource management. If necessary, the development of interfaces with any automated systems operating in the enterprise (decision support, customer relationship management, etc.) is carried out. Also, interaction with production control systems of adjacent shops and APCS of various types and generations has been worked out.

INTERACTION WITH USERS. Automated workstations of personnel (technologists, quality control inspectors, laboratory engineers, etc.) are equipped with an interface that allows monitoring the technological process in close to real time. The information of the operational monitoring complex is provided in the form of intuitive mnemonic diagrams and tables. Widespread use of modern Intranet technologies, the use of technology " thin client"Made it possible to create hardware-independent applications, to facilitate the redundancy of functions, technical support during operation. The system includes advanced search tools for the necessary data, statistical processing of information, plotting graphs and tables, and generating reports. If it is necessary to manually enter information for users, convenient quick entry forms are created.

EFFICIENCY OF THE SYSTEM APPLICATION

The implementation of the system provides a significant economic effect based on optimizing capacity utilization, reducing downtime and warehouse stocks, increasing productivity, product quality, and the efficiency of related systems. In addition, the implementation of the system contributes to an overall increase in discipline and the identification of sources of waste.

conclusions

Information system, solving problem operational management of the enterprise, is built on the basis of a database, which records all possible information about the enterprise. Such an information system is a tool for business management and is usually referred to as a corporate information system.

The operational management information system includes a lot of software solutions for automating business processes that take place at a particular enterprise.

Corporate Information System (CIS) is a scalable system designed for the integrated automation of all types of business activities of companies, as well as corporations that require unified management.

Automated control system or ACS- a complex of hardware and software designed to control various processes within the technological process, production, enterprise. ACS are used in various industries, energy, transport, etc. The term automated, in contrast to the term automatic, emphasizes the retention of certain functions by the human operator, either of the most general, goal-setting nature, or not amenable to automation.

One of the types of Corporate Information Systems are solutions of the ERP class (Enterprise Resource Planning System).

Modern ERP systems are designed to build a single information space enterprise and effective management of all company resources related to production, sales and order accounting.

Solutions of the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning System) class provide full functionality for managing all administrative and operational activities of a company, combining financial accounting, sales, production, materials management, planning and interaction with suppliers and partners into a single chain.

A full-scale solution of the MES class (Manufacturing Execution Systems). Allows to solve the whole complex of production management tasks at the level of a separate department or a group of departments included in a single cycle. The difference between the system and other known solutions of this class is the accounting specific requirements metallurgical production and advanced capabilities in the management of technology and quality of metal products.

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