micro usb connection. Types of USB connectors: main differences and features

Connects via Universal Serial Bus. Therefore, the USB pinout on the motherboard plays a very important role in the operation of a modern computer. There are two ways to install these connectors. The first is mounting directly on the board. At the same time, it is displayed on the back side and is immediately ready for work. But it is not always convenient to connect to it - and therefore they developed another way. Its essence lies in the prepared seat on the main PC board, to which the wires from the front panel are connected. And there is a plug on it.

One universal USB 2.0 standard includes 4 pins. The first of them is designated "+ 5V". It provides power to the peripheral device. The second and third are the contacts through which information is transmitted. They are designated respectively "DATA-" (minus data transfer) and "DATA +" (plus the last, 4th, which is included on the motherboard, this is "GND" - ground supply. In accordance with the standards adopted today, they are designated as follows colors: power is red, "DATA-" is white, "DATA+" is green, and "GND" is black.

Such interface connections are made in pairs, so there are 2 USB standard connectors on the board on one contact group at once. The desoldering consists of 9 pins: 4 - to one connector, 4 - to the other, and the last two play the role of the so-called key. A pin is installed in one place, and not in the other. This is done so that it is impossible to confuse them and to correctly connect. The fitting from the front panel is made in a similar way. Therefore, when connecting the first to the second should be installed without problems. If this does not happen, then you need to see if you are doing everything right.

Recently, the 3rd version of the USB standard has become increasingly popular. The pinout on the motherboard is significantly different, since much more wires are used to transfer information. There are only 9 of them in this design. In addition to the previously given 4, 2 pairs of "Superspeed" + and 2 pairs of the same type, but only with a minus, are added, as well as "GND Drain" - an additional land. Exactly large quantity wires and allows you to enlarge Wires in their color are respectively indicated by blue, purple - minus, yellow, orange - plus, and one more black - additional grounding. As the number of wires increases, the USB pinout on the motherboard increases in direct proportion. For such a standard, 19 contacts are already used. One of them is a key, and its purpose is to ensure that the connection is correct.

Connected via Universal Serial Bus to modern computers and a lot of laptops various devices. A printer, scanner, MFP, flash drives, keyboard, mouse and other devices that greatly expand the capabilities of a PC - all this is connected to a computer using just such an interface. It is not always convenient to connect to the back of the computer, and the number of integrated connectors may not be enough. It is to solve this problem that the USB pinout on the motherboard was made, which allows you to significantly increase the number of ports.

The USB interface began to be widely used about 20 years ago, to be exact, from the spring of 1997. It was then that the universal serial bus was implemented in hardware in many motherboards personal computers. At the moment, this type of connection of peripherals to a PC is the standard, versions have been released that have significantly increased the speed of data exchange, new types of connectors have appeared. Let's try to understand the specifications, pinouts and other features of USB.

What are the benefits of Universal Serial Bus?

Implementation this method connections made possible:

• Efficiently connect various peripherals to a PC, starting from the keyboard and ending with external disk drives.
• Make full use of Plug & Play technology, which simplifies the connection and configuration of peripherals.
• Rejection of a number of outdated interfaces, which had a positive impact on functionality computing systems.
• The bus allows not only to transfer data, but also to power connected devices, with a load current limit of 0.5 and 0.9 A for the old and new generations. This made it possible to use USB to charge phones, as well as connect various gadgets (mini fans, lights, etc.).
• It became possible to manufacture mobile controllers, for example, USB network card RJ-45, electronic keys for login and logout

Types of USB connectors - main differences and features

There are three specifications (versions) of this type connections partially compatible with each other:

1. The very first version that has become widespread is v 1. It is an improved modification previous version(1.0), which practically did not leave the prototype phase due to serious errors in the data transfer protocol. This specification has the following characteristics:

• Dual-mode data transmission at high and low speed (12.0 and 1.50 Mbps, respectively).
• Ability to connect more than a hundred different devices (including hubs).
• The maximum cord length is 3.0 and 5.0 m for high and low baud rates, respectively.
• The nominal bus voltage is 5.0 V, the permissible load current of the connected equipment is 0.5 A.

Today, this standard is practically not used due to low bandwidth.

1. The second specification that dominates today. This standard is fully compatible with the previous modification. A distinctive feature is the presence of a high-speed data exchange protocol (up to 480.0 Mbps).

Due to full hardware compatibility with the lower version, peripherals this standard can be connected to the previous modification. True in this throughput decrease up to 35-40 times, and in some cases even more.

Since there is full compatibility between these versions, their cables and connectors are identical.

Let's pay attention that, despite the bandwidth specified in the specification, the real data exchange rate in the second generation is somewhat lower (about 30-35 MB per second). This is due to the peculiarity of the protocol implementation, which leads to delays between data packets. Since modern drives have a reading speed four times higher than the bandwidth of the second modification, that is, it did not meet current requirements.

1. The 3rd generation universal bus has been designed specifically to address bandwidth constraints. According to the specification, this modification is capable of exchanging information at a speed of 5.0 Gbps, which is almost three times the reading speed of modern drives. Plugs and sockets of the latest modification are usually marked in blue to facilitate identification of belonging to this specification.

Another feature of the third generation is an increase in the rated current up to 0.9 A, which allows you to power a number of devices and abandon separate power supplies for them.

As for compatibility with the previous version, it is partially implemented, it will be described in detail below.

Classification and pinout

Connectors are usually classified by type, there are only two of them:

Note that such convectors are compatible only between early modifications.

In addition, there are extension cables for the ports of this interface. At one end there is a type A plug, and at the other end there is a socket for it, that is, in fact, the “mother” - “father” connection. Such cords can be very useful, for example, to connect a USB flash drive without getting under the table to the system unit.

Now let's look at how the contacts are wired for each of the types listed above.

Pinout usb 2.0 connector (types A and B)

Since the plugs and sockets of early versions 1.1 and 2.0 do not physically differ from each other, we will present the wiring of the latter.

Designation:

• A is a nest.
• B - plug.
• 1 - power supply +5.0 V.
• 2 and 3 signal wires.
• 4 - mass.

In the figure, the coloring of the contacts is shown according to the colors of the wire, and corresponds to the accepted specification.

Now consider the wiring of the classic socket B.

Designation:

• A - plug connected to the socket on peripheral devices.
• B - socket on the peripheral device.
• 1 - power contact (+5 V).
• 2 and 3 are signal contacts.
• 4 - wire contact "mass".

The colors of the contacts correspond to the accepted coloring of the wires in the cord.

USB 3.0 pinout (types A and B)

In the third generation, peripheral devices are connected via 10 (9, if there is no shielding braid) wires, respectively, the number of contacts is also increased. But they are located in such a way that it is possible to connect devices of earlier generations. That is, the +5.0 V pins, GND, D+ and D-, are located the same as in the previous version. Type A socket wiring is shown in the figure below.

Designation:

• A is a plug.
• B is a nest.
• 1, 2, 3, 4 - the connectors fully match the pinouts of the plug for version 2.0 (see B in Fig. 6), the colors of the wires also match.
• 5 (SS_TX-) and 6 (SS_TX+) connectors for data transmission wires using the SUPER_SPEED protocol.
• 7 - ground (GND) for signal wires.
• 8 (SS_RX-) and 9 (SS_RX+) wire connectors for receiving data using the SUPER_SPEED protocol.

The colors in the figure correspond to those generally accepted for this standard.

As mentioned above, an older plug can be inserted into the socket of this port, respectively, the throughput will decrease. As for the plug of the third generation of the universal bus, it is not possible to insert it into the sockets of the early production.

Now let's look at the pinout for the type B socket. Unlike the previous view, this socket is not compatible with any earlier plug.

Designations:

A and B are plug and socket, respectively.

Digital signatures for contacts correspond to the description in Figure 8.

The color is closest to color coding wires in the cord.

Pinout micro usb connector

To begin with, we give the wiring for this specification.

As you can see from the picture, this is a 5-pin connection, both the plug (A) and the socket (B) use four pins. Their purpose and numerical and color designation correspond to the accepted standard, which was given above.

Description of the micro USB connector for version 3.0.

For this connection a characteristic 10 pin connector is used. In fact, it consists of two parts of 5 pins each, and one of them is fully consistent with the previous version of the interface. Such an implementation is somewhat confusing, especially given the incompatibility of these types. Probably, the developers planned to make it possible to work with connectors of early modifications, but subsequently abandoned this idea or have not yet implemented it.

The figure shows the pinout of the plug (A) and the appearance of the socket (B) of the micro USB.

Pins 1 to 5 fully correspond to the micro connector of the second generation, the purpose of the other pins is as follows:

• 6 and 7 - data transmission via high-speed protocol (SS_TX- and SS_TX+, respectively).
• 8 - mass for high-speed information channels.
• 9 and 10 - data reception via high-speed protocol (SS_RX- and SS_RX+, respectively).

Mini USB Pinout

This connection option only applies to early versions interface, this type is not used in the third generation.

As you can see, the wiring of the plug and socket is almost identical to micro USB, respectively, color scheme wires and pin numbers also match. Actually, the differences are only in shape and size.

In this article, we have given only standard types of connections, many manufacturers of digital equipment practice the implementation of their standards, there you can find connectors for 7 pin, 8 pin, etc. This introduces certain difficulties, especially when the question arises of finding a charger for mobile phone. It should also be noted that manufacturers of such "exclusive" products are in no hurry to tell how the USB pinout is made in such contactors. But, as a rule, this information is easy to find on thematic forums.

USB cables have different physical lugs. It depends on which device they are connected to. There are connections to the device itself and to the host. And USB can be with a cable, and without it. This option is also possible: the cable is built into the device itself. The cable is required in order to form the interface between the device and the host.

But after a while, the developers of such a computer interface as USB, still had a low speed in order to use external rigid disks and other devices, the speed of which was much faster. Therefore, the creators of USB had to change the device so that it turned out new model. Now the speed of the third USB type has become ten times faster. Of course, this also affected the charging.

General information about USB

The USB cable consists of four copper conductors. These are two conductors intended for power supply, and the remaining conductors are in a twisted pair. This kit also includes a grounded braid.

Consider now a little host. It is a special controller that is programmed and controlled. Its task is to ensure the operation of the interface. By the way, the controller can most often be found in the chip. A hub is required to connect the controller to other devices.

But to connect external devices to the hub, ports are used, at the end of which there are connectors. Cables help USB devices connect to connectors. The power supply of the device can be different: from the bus or some external power source.

It only takes a few minutes to get started and you can get started. First the signal about the start of work is sent to the cable hub, which informs further that the equipment is ready for operation.

But there is one rule to remember. Whenever you start to pinout a device, first determine what the pinout is on your cable. USB connector to help connect all external devices to your computer. This modern connection method replaces all those methods that were previously. Such connector gives additional features : when computer equipment is working, any devices can be connected and immediately start working. It can also affect the work of charging.

USB specification

There were the first preliminary versions of USB, which began to be produced as early as November 1994. This went on for a year. AND after that, new USB models began to come out which are still in use today.

Today we can talk about the following models:

1. USB 1.0. This model was released in January 1996.
2. USB 1.1. This specification was released in September 1998.
3. USB 2.0 This model was released in 2000.

Specifications of each model

The first model is USB 1.0. In this specification, two modes of operation are distinguished:

1. With low bandwidth.
2. With high bandwidth.

The maximum cable length allowed in this model for the first operating mode is three meters, and for the second operating state it reaches five meters. If you wish to connect multiple devices, you can connect up to 127.

The specifications of the USB 1.1 model correspond to the first one, but all the problems and errors that arose during its use have been fixed. By the way, this is the first model that gained wide popularity and spread rapidly.

The third model is USB 2.0. It has three modes of operation, where mice, joysticks, gamepads, keyboards, as well as video devices and devices that store information can be used.

Cables and USB connectors

Currently in computer world there have been many different changes. For example, a new interface has already appeared with a USB 3.0 modification, its speed is ten times faster previous model. But there are other types of connectors known as micro and mini usb. By the way, they can be found at the present time, for example, in tablets, phones, smartphones and in a wide variety of other computer products.

Each such tire, of course, also has its own wiring or pinout. It is necessary in order to then make an adapter at home, which allows you to switch from one type of connector to another type. But this requires knowledge. For example, certain knowledge about how the conductors are located. For example, you can do this charging for any phone. If such work with connectors is performed incorrectly, then the device itself will be damaged.

There is a difference in the design of mini and macro devices. So, now they already have five contacts. And in USB device 2.0 you can count nine contacts. Therefore, the desoldering of usb connectors in such a model will take place a little differently. The same pinout of usb connectors will be in modification 3.0.

The desoldering will take place according to the following scheme: first, a red conductor, which is responsible for supplying the voltage that feeds. This is followed by a conductor of white and green color, whose task is to transmit information. Then it is worth moving on to the black conductor, which accepts the supply of zero voltage that is supplied.

In the design of USB 3.0, the wires are arranged quite differently. The first four of them are similar in their connector to the model 2.0 device. But, starting from the fifth conductor, the connectors begin to differ. The blue, fifth, posting conveys the information that has a negative value. The yellow conductor transmits positive information.

You can also pinout the device according to colors that are suitable for the connectors of all devices. The advantage of such connectors is that when using them no need to restart your computer or even try to somehow manually install all the necessary drivers.

The USB interface is widely used in modern electronic devices. Virtually all mobile devices a micro or mini USB connector is installed. If the connector has stopped working, then to repair it, you need to know the micro-USB pinout. The situation is complicated by the fact that many gadget manufacturers wire contacts in their own way. Having studied possible options pinouts, you can deal with the problem.

Purpose and types

The USB connector has good set functions. With it, you can not only transfer large amounts of information at high speed, but also provide the device with power. New interface rather quickly replaced old ports on computers, for example, PS / 2. Now all peripherals are connected to the PC using USB ports.

To date, 3 versions of the USB connector have been created:

Pinout Features

When talking about the pinout of the USB connector, you need to understand the notation indicated on the diagrams. You should start with the type of connector - active (type A) or passive (type B). Using the active connector, it is possible to exchange information in two directions, and the passive one allows only receiving it. Two forms of connector should also be distinguished:

• F - "mother".
• M - "dad".

In this matter, everything should be clear and without explanation.

USB connector

First, a few words need to be said about the compatibility of the three versions of the interface. Standards 1.1 and 2.0 are completely similar in design and differ only in the speed of information transfer. If one of the parties in the connection has an older version, then the work will be carried out at a low speed. The OS will then display the following message:"This device is capable of running faster."

With compatibility 3.0 and 2.0, things are somewhat more complicated. A device or cable of the second version can be connected to the new connector, and backward compatibility exists only for active type A connectors. It should be noted that the USB interface allows you to supply a voltage of 5 V to the connected gadget at a current strength of not more than 0.5 A. For the USB 2.0 standard, the color breakdown from left to right is as follows:

• Red - positive contact constant voltage at 5 V.
• White - data-.
• Green - data+.
• Black - common wire or "ground".

The connector scheme is quite simple, and if necessary, it will not be difficult to repair it. Since the number of contacts has increased in version 3.0, its pinout is different from the previous standard. Thus, the color scheme of contacts looks like this:

Micro and mini connectors

Connectors of this form factor have five contacts, one of which is not always used. Green, black, red and white flowers perform similar functions to USB 2.0. The mini-USB pinout matches the micro-USB pinout. In type A connectors, the purple conductor is shorted to black, and in passive it is not used.

These connectors appeared due to the market launch a large number small devices. Since they are similar in appearance, users often have doubts about whether the connector belongs to a particular form factor. In addition to some difference in dimensions, the micro-USB has latches on the back side.

The miniaturization of the connector had a negative impact on reliability. Although mini-USB has a large resource, after a fairly short time period, it begins to hang out, but at the same time it does not fall out of the nest. Micro-USB is a modified version of mini-USB. Thanks to the improved fastening, it turned out to be more reliable. Since 2011, this connector has become the standard for charging all mobile devices.

However, manufacturers are making some changes to the scheme. So, the pinout of the micro-USB connector for iPhone charging involves two changes compared to the standard. In these devices, the red and white wires are connected to black through a resistance of 50 kOhm, and to white - 75 kOhm. There are also differences from the standard and Samsung smartphones galaxy. In it, the white and green conductors are closed, and the 5th contact is connected to the 4th using a resistor with a nominal value of 200 kOhm.

Knowing the pinout various kinds USB connectors, you can troubleshoot and fix the problem. Most often, this is required in a situation where the “native” charger has failed, but the user has a power supply from a smartphone from another manufacturer.

The technological process does not stand still. Modern models diverse digital devices very different from their older counterparts. Not only their appearance and internal equipment have changed, but also the ways of connecting to computers and chargers. If even 5-7 years ago, many phones and even cameras did not have such an opportunity. But on this moment absolutely every digital device can be connected to a personal computer or laptop. Phone, player, smartphone, tablet, camcorder, player or camera - all of them are equipped with connectors that allow you to connect them to other devices.

But, as it is easy to see, discord. And for some reason, the cord bought with the phone cannot be used in conjunction with your favorite player. As a result, a bundle of cables accumulates, you constantly get confused in them and cannot understand why it was impossible to make one wire suitable for connecting all devices. But, as you know, this does not happen. Although now there is a more or less standard connector, at least for smartphones, phones and tablets. And his name is micro-USB. What is this miracle and how it works, we will tell below.

Micro USB connector: what is it?

The two most popular connectors in recent times are mini and micro-USB. Their names speak for themselves. These are smaller and more practical designs that are used on small-sized digital devices to save space and, perhaps, for a more elegant design. appearance. For example, for a tablet, it is almost 4 times smaller than a standard USB 2.0., And given that the device itself is several times smaller personal computer or even a laptop, this option is just perfect. But there are some nuances here. For example, more can never be made smaller, so micro-USB connectors cannot be replaced even with mini-USB. Although in some cases the reverse process is acceptable. And the replacement is unlikely to end with something good. Painfully jewelry is work. In addition, under the word “micro” lies several types of connectors at once, and this must be remembered. Especially if you are trying to buy a new wire. Your tablet's micro USB may not be compatible with the connector on the end of the cable you purchased.

Varieties

Micro-USB connectors can be of two completely different types. They have different applications and, accordingly, they look different. The first type is called micro-USB 2.0. type B - it is used in devices by default and is an unspoken standard for latest models smartphones and tablets, because of this it is very common and almost every person at home has at least one micro-USB 2.0 cable. type B.

The second type - micro-USB 3.0 - these connectors are not installed on tablets, but can be found on smartphones and phones of some brands. Most often they are used to equip external hard drives.

Advantages

The main advantages that micro-USB connectors for tablets have are the increased density and reliability of the plug. But this fact does not exclude the possibility of problems with these components. Most often, the cause of the breakdown is the negligence of the owners of digital devices themselves. Sharp movements, falling tablets and phones on the floor or even asphalt, especially on the side where the connector itself is located, attempts to fix something with your own hands without proper knowledge - these are the main reasons why even the most durable parts of USB ports come out out of service. But it happens that this happens due to wear and tear of the device, improper operation or factory defects.

Most often, the cause of a malfunction is either the micro-USB connectors themselves, or the parts adjacent to them and connected to them in a circuit. For any experienced craftsman, replacing it is a matter of minutes, but not everyone can handle it at home. If you are still interested in how you can fix it yourself (or, in other words, desoldering) - the process is not the longest and most difficult, if you approach it with intelligence and preliminary reading of the relevant information. A few tips will be given below.

Micro USB connector: pinout

As you know, with conventional ports and connectors, everything is simple - you just need to take an image of the front of their connector, but in a mirror image, and solder it. With and micro-species, things are a little different. Their connectors contain 5 pins each, but pin number 4 is not used on type B connectors, and on type A it is closed with GND, which occupies the fifth place.

Functions of the "legs" of the micro-USB connector

Since most modern tablets have micro-USB, which serves not only for charging, but also for synchronization, due to the more frequent use of the connector, problems with it occur more often.

So, as mentioned above, a regular micro-USB connector has five "legs". One positive, five volts, and one negative. They are located on different sides of the connector and, accordingly, suffer less when separated from motherboard. Only one "leg" of the connector, which breaks out of the pad more often than others, is more subject to wear. It is located closer to the minus "leg". If this contact is damaged, the device cannot be charged. That is, the system can see the power supply, but the charging process will not be performed.

The remaining two "legs" are responsible for synchronization, that is, for the ability to upload and download photos, music, etc. They do it at the same time, so the separation of one will cause the second to stop working.

Knowing the functions of the "legs", you will be able to determine, due to the departure of the contacts of which you started having problems and which ones you will need to solder in order to return your tablet to "service".

Consequences of incorrect connector replacement

By incorrectly soldering the micro-USB, owners most often encounter the following problems:

1. Short circuits of the power supply if they are soldered inverted type.
2. The tablet detects the charging cord, but the battery (battery) does not charge.
3. The tablet battery charges fine, but it does not sync with a laptop or computer.
4. The tablet works fine, but sometimes it "reminds" that you should take it to the workshop and not solder it yourself (for example, charging does not start immediately after turning it on, or sometimes the cord needs to be pulled out and inserted again several times before charging starts) .

The future of micro USB

Since these are some of the most popular ports today, if you learn how to change them once, it will help you out very often in the future. And let them not be taken as the "gold standard" in the development of phones and other digital devices. And we still have to have a whole collection of wires specifically for Acer laptop, for a phone from Samsung, for an iPad from Apple, and but the active use of micro-connectors gives hope, soon instead of a “bouquet” we will have one micro-USB cable on our shelf, suitable for at least 90% of the equipment in the house.