Google (search engine). All the secrets of Google search: there really is everything

History of creation

The Google search engine was created as an educational project by Stanford University students Larry Page and Sergey Brin. In 1995 they were working on search engine BackRub, and in 1998 based on it created the Google search engine.

Website indexing

Ranking algorithm

Keywords meta tag is not taken into account when ranking sites.

PageRank

Google uses an algorithm to calculate the PageRank authority of a page. PageRank is one of the auxiliary factors in ranking sites in search results. PageRank is not the only one, but very important way determine the position of the site in Google search results. Google uses the PageRank of the pages it finds for a query to determine the order in which those pages appear to a visitor in search results.

Search terms

Query Syntax

The Google interface contains a rather complex query language that allows you to limit your search to specific domains, languages, file types, etc. For example, searching for "intitle:Google site:wikipedia.org" will return all Wikipedia articles in all languages ​​that contain the word in the title Google.

Search in found

For some search results, Google provides a second search box that allows the user to find what they are looking for within a particular website. This idea came from the way users used search. According to software engineer Ben Lee and product manager Jack Menzel, "teleporting" across the web is what helps Google users complete their search. Google has taken this concept a step further, and instead of just "teleporting", which means to search for the desired site, the user only needs to enter part of the website name into Google (it is not necessary to remember the entire address), users can enter keywords to search within the selected site. It turned out that it is often difficult for users to find what they are looking for inside a corporate site.

Although this search tool is new to users, it has caused controversy among some publishers and distributors. Google search results pages display pay per click advertisements from competing companies that base advertisements on brands. "While the service could help increase traffic, some users are 'failing' as Google uses brand awareness to sell ads, usually to competing companies." To smooth out this conflict, Google has proposed disabling this feature for willing companies.

Notes

see also

Links

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

The Google search engine is the most popular in the world, so if you don't know how to use it, you may feel overwhelmed. If you want to learn how to use simple search on Google or want to improve your Google skills, this article is for you. Follow the instructions below and you will learn how to search for anything on Google.

Steps

Simple Google Search

Open a browser.

Dial in address bar at the top of the www.google.com page and you will be taken to the Google homepage. You will see a white screen with a search field and a colored Google logo above it.

Type in the search field the word or phrase you want to find. For example, you can search for “how to find a job” or “the best restaurant in Moscow”.

Press enter on your keyboard. You can also click on the blue magnifying glass, the effect will be the same. You will then be presented with a list of results that match your search query.

View the results, scroll down the page to see all the options. If you don't find anything on the first page, scroll to the bottom of the page and click "Next" to view the next page of results..

Click on the result that suits you. If you find an article that answers the questions, you can open it. A new site page will open. If after reading this article you want to read something else on the same topic, click on the arrow pointing to the left (located in the upper left corner of your browser) to return to the search page.

• You can keep searching for as long as you like.

1. If you did not find anything suitable for your request, please refine it. To do this, you need to return to the Google search page. Make your request more specific. For example, instead of searching for "The best restaurant in Moscow" and getting a bunch of links in return, you can search for "The best Chinese restaurant in Moscow in 2013", this will significantly narrow the search.

   • You may also need to refine the query in cases where it is too specific. If key phrase too long or specific, you may not get good results, in which case you will have to go back and look for something more general.

2. Use these tips to refine your search. In addition, you can refine the query, not only by changing the words used, but also by using the tips below:

   • Generic words are more common in Google searches, so if you're interested in finding queries with the words "how" or "where", prefix them with +
   • If a set of words is combined into a phrase, you can put it in quotation marks or brackets. This is very useful if, for example, you know a few words from a song and want to know its name:
     • Steps-on-glass or "Steps-on-glass".
   • You can put a minus next to the words you want to avoid in the results. For example, if you're searching for "nano" and don't want the search to return an iPod Nano, you could query "nano - iPod."
   • If you are looking for the price of an item, enter the lower limit after the currency icon, then type "...", then the currency icon again and the upper price limit. For example: "Mattress $250...$400"

3. Move your search to other sections of Google. Instead of searching through the usual search bar from home Google Pages, you can make your search more specific - depending on what you need to find. These can be news, images, or Google maps sections. Links to them are located at the top left above the search bar. Here's what you can do:

   • Select the Pictures section. He is third from the right on the panel. With it, you can only search by images. For example, if you want to find a photo of a celebrity or a fashion show, the Google images section can be a useful source of information.
   • Go to the "News" section. This section is the fifth one from the right edge of the panel. This is very useful if you want to find something in the news area and not just some general concept.
   • Once you have entered the "News" section, you can select a country by selecting the arrow under the current version of the news and changing it to the desired one. This feature is right below the search bar.
   • Select "cards". With Google Maps, you can find your way from one place to another.

   Advanced Search

   1. Open a browser

   2. Go to the advanced Google search page. You can get to it in two ways:

      • Go to: http://www.google.ca/advanced_search
      • If you are already looking for something on Google, you can click on the button on the right side of the search page. Select Advanced Search.

   3. Find pages with the words you need. To do this, you will have to fill in as many fields as possible on the new page, you will not need to fill in all of them, just concentrate on the categories that you need to refine your search query. Here is the information you must provide.

      • In the "using these words" box, enter the keywords for your search
      • In the "exact word or phrase" line, write the word or phrase you are looking for.
      • In the line "any of these words" write any words that you want to see in the results.
      • In the line "does not include words" enter unwanted words
      • Under "number range" enter numbers in any desired range.
      • It should be noted that Google provides you with tips on how to search using different ways, you can find these tips to the right of the search tools.

   4. Narrow down your results. You can add more details about what you're looking for to further narrow your search results. You don't need to enter data in all categories, focus only on those that can help you find more accurate information about what you are looking for. Here are a few options on how you can do this:

      • Language. Select the language in which you want to receive search results.
      • Region. Shows results published in a specific region. For example, search on sites in Eastern Europe.
      • Update date. Find pages that have been updated since the specified date.
      • site or domain. If you want to narrow your search to a specific site, enter its name and you will only get results from that site.
      • Keywords. Decide where exactly they should appear: in the headlines or in the body of the articles.
      • Safe search. Select "show closest results". If you want to exclude potentially inappropriate articles from your search results, select "filter to exact results".
      • Reading level. Change your search criteria to suit your reading level.
      • File type. Find pages with files in desired format, it can be PDF or word doc(.doc).
      • Usage rights. Select the pages that contain material for free use.
   5. The same search query may return different results after a few days.
   6. You can set preferences for Google search using the Settings link located next to the search bar.
   7. If you want to implement voice search Google, you need to download the Google app on your iPhone, Android phone, and others mobile devices that support installation google apps. After downloading the application, you will be able to select "voice search" and say any words that interest you. The search will start after you start speaking.

Receiving private data does not always mean hacking - sometimes it is published in public access. Knowing the settings of Google and a little ingenuity will allow you to find a lot of interesting things - from credit card numbers to FBI documents.

WARNING

Everything is connected to the Internet today, caring little about restricting access. Therefore, many private data become the prey of search engines. Spider robots are no longer limited to web pages, but index all content available on the Web and constantly add confidential information to their databases. Learning these secrets is easy - you just need to know how to ask about them.

Looking for files

In capable hands, Google will quickly find everything that is bad on the Web, such as personal information and files for official use. They are often hidden like a key under a rug: there are no real access restrictions, the data just lies in the back of the site, where links do not lead. Google's standard web interface only provides basic settings advanced search, but even those will suffice.

There are two operators that you can use to restrict Google searches to files of a certain type: filetype and ext . The first sets the format that the search engine determined by the file header, the second - the file extension, regardless of its internal content. When searching in both cases, you need to specify only the extension. Initially, the ext operator was convenient to use in cases where there were no specific format characteristics for the file (for example, to search for ini and cfg configuration files, inside of which anything can be). Now Google's algorithms have changed, and there is no visible difference between the operators - the results are the same in most cases.

Filtering the output

By default, Google searches all files on indexed pages for words and in general for any characters entered. You can limit the search scope by the top-level domain, a specific site, or by the location of the desired sequence in the files themselves. For the first two options, the site statement is used, followed by the name of the domain or the selected site. In the third case, a whole set of operators allows you to search for information in service fields and metadata. For example, allinurl will find the specified in the body of the links themselves, allinanchor - in the text provided with the tag , allintitle - in the page headers, allintext - in the body of the pages.

For each operator there is a lighter version with a shorter name (without the prefix all). The difference is that allinurl will find links with all words, while inurl will only find links with the first of them. The second and subsequent words from the query can appear anywhere on web pages. The inurl operator also differs from another similar in meaning - site . The first one also allows you to find any sequence of characters in the link to the desired document (for example, /cgi-bin/), which is widely used to find components with known vulnerabilities.

Let's try it in practice. We take the allintext filter and make the query return a list of credit card numbers and verification codes, which will expire only after two years (or when their owners get tired of feeding everyone in a row).

Allintext: card number expiration date /2017 cvv

When you read on the news that a young hacker "hacked into the servers" of the Pentagon or NASA, stealing classified information, then in most cases it is precisely this elementary technique of using Google. Suppose we are interested in a list of NASA employees and their contact details. Surely such a list is in electronic form. For convenience or due to an oversight, it can also be located on the organization's website itself. It is logical that in this case there will be no references to it, since it is intended for internal use. What words can be in such a file? At least - the field "address". It is easy to test all these assumptions.

inurl:nasa.gov filetype:xlsx "address"

We use bureaucracy

Such finds are a pleasant trifle. The really solid catch comes from a more detailed knowledge of Google Webmaster Operators, the Web itself, and the structure of what you're looking for. Knowing the details, you can easily filter the output and refine the properties of the files you need in order to get really valuable data in the rest. It's funny that bureaucracy comes to the rescue here. It produces typical formulations, according to which it is convenient to search for secret information accidentally leaked onto the Web.

For example, the Distribution statement, which is mandatory in the office of the US Department of Defense, means standardized restrictions on the distribution of a document. The letter A marks public releases in which there is nothing secret; B - intended for internal use only, C - strictly confidential, and so on up to F. Separately, there is the letter X, which marks especially valuable information that represents a state secret of the highest level. Let those who are supposed to do it on duty look for such documents, and we will limit ourselves to files with the letter C. According to DoDI 5230.24, such marking is assigned to documents containing a description of critical technologies that fall under export control. You can find such carefully guarded information on sites in the .mil top-level domain allocated to the US Army.

"DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C" inurl:navy.mil

It is very convenient that only sites from the US Department of Defense and its contract organizations are collected in the .mil domain. Domain-limited search results are exceptionally clean, and the titles speak for themselves. It is practically useless to search for Russian secrets in this way: chaos reigns in the .ru and .rf domains, and the names of many weapons systems sound like botanical (PP "Kiparis", self-propelled guns "Acacia") or even fabulous (TOS "Pinocchio").

By carefully examining any document from a site in the .mil domain, you can see other markers to refine your search. For example, a reference to the export restrictions "Sec 2751", which is also convenient to search for interesting technical information. From time to time, it is removed from official sites, where it once appeared, so if you can’t follow an interesting link in the search results, use the Google cache (cache operator) or the Internet Archive website.

We climb into the clouds

In addition to accidentally declassified documents from government departments, links to personal files from Dropbox and other data storage services that create "private" links to publicly published data occasionally pop up in the Google cache. It's even worse with alternative and self-made services. For example, the following query finds the data of all Verizon clients that have an FTP server installed and actively using a router on their router.

Allinurl:ftp://verizon.net

There are now more than forty thousand such smart people, and in the spring of 2015 there were an order of magnitude more. Instead of Verizon.net, you can substitute the name of any well-known provider, and the more famous it is, the larger the catch can be. Through the built-in FTP server, you can see files on an external drive connected to the router. Usually this is a NAS for remote work, a personal cloud, or some kind of peer-to-peer file download. All the content of such media is indexed by Google and other search engines, so you can access files stored on external drives via a direct link.

Peeping configs

Before the wholesale migration to the clouds, simple FTP servers, which also lacked vulnerabilities, ruled as remote storages. Many of them are still relevant today. For example, the popular WS_FTP Professional program stores configuration data, user accounts, and passwords in the ws_ftp.ini file. It is easy to find and read because all entries are stored in plain text and passwords are encrypted using the Triple DES algorithm after minimal obfuscation. In most versions, simply discarding the first byte is sufficient.

Decrypting such passwords is easy using the WS_FTP Password Decryptor utility or a free web service.

When talking about hacking an arbitrary site, they usually mean getting a password from logs and backups of CMS or e-commerce application configuration files. If you know their typical structure, then you can easily indicate the keywords. Lines like those found in ws_ftp.ini are extremely common. For example, Drupal and PrestaShop always have a user ID (UID) and a corresponding password (pwd), and all information is stored in files with the .inc extension. You can search for them like this:

"pwd=" "UID=" ext:inc

We reveal passwords from the DBMS

In the configuration files of SQL servers, names and addresses Email users are stored in clear text, and their MD5 hashes are written instead of passwords. Decrypting them, strictly speaking, is impossible, but you can find a match among known hash-password pairs.

Until now, there are DBMSs that do not even use password hashing. The configuration files of any of them can simply be viewed in the browser.

Intext:DB_PASSWORD filetype:env

With the advent of Windows servers the place of configuration files was partly occupied by the registry. You can search through its branches in exactly the same way, using reg as the file type. For example, like this:

Filetype:reg HKEY_CURRENT_USER "Password"=

Don't Forget the Obvious

Sometimes it is possible to get to classified information with the help of accidentally opened and caught in the field of view google data. The ideal option is to find a list of passwords in some common format. Store account information in text file, Word document or spreadsheet Excel can only desperate people, but there are always enough of them.

Filetype:xls inurl:password

On the one hand, there are many means to prevent such incidents. It is necessary to specify adequate access rights in htaccess, patch CMS, do not use left scripts and close other holes. There is also a file with a robots.txt exclusion list, which prohibits search engines from indexing the files and directories specified in it. On the other hand, if the robots.txt structure on some server differs from the standard one, then it immediately becomes clear what they are trying to hide on it.

The list of directories and files on any site is preceded by the standard inscription index of. Since it must appear in the title for service purposes, it makes sense to limit its search to the intitle operator. Interesting stuff can be found in the /admin/, /personal/, /etc/ and even /secret/ directories.

Follow the updates

Relevance is extremely important here: old vulnerabilities are closed very slowly, but Google and its search results are constantly changing. There is even a difference between the "last second" filter (&tbs=qdr:s at the end of the request url) and the "real time" filter (&tbs=qdr:1).

Date timespan latest update Google's file is also indicated implicitly. Through the graphical web interface, you can select one of the typical periods (hour, day, week, and so on) or set a date range, but this method is not suitable for automation.

From the appearance of the address bar, one can only guess about a way to limit the output of results using the &tbs=qdr: construct. The letter y after it specifies a limit of one year (&tbs=qdr:y), m shows the results for the last month, w for the week, d for the past day, h for the last hour, n for the minute, and s for the give me a sec. The most recent results just made known to Google are found using the &tbs=qdr:1 filter.

If you need to write a tricky script, it will be useful to know that the date range is set in Google in Julian format through the daterange operator. For example, this is how you can find the list PDF documents with the word confidential uploaded from January 1 to July 1, 2015.

Confidential filetype:pdf daterange:2457024-2457205

The range is specified in Julian date format without decimals. It is inconvenient to translate them manually from the Gregorian calendar. It's easier to use a date converter.

Targeting and filtering again

In addition to indicating additional operators in search query they can be sent directly in the body of the link. For example, the filetype:pdf trait corresponds to the as_filetype=pdf construct. Thus, it is convenient to set any clarifications. Let's say that the output of results only from the Republic of Honduras is set by adding the construction cr=countryHN to the search URL, but only from the city of Bobruisk - gcs=Bobruisk . See the developer section for a complete list of .

Google's automation tools are designed to make life easier, but often add to the hassle. For example, a user's city is determined by the user's IP through WHOIS. Based on this information, Google not only balances the load between servers, but also changes the search results. Depending on the region, for the same query, different results will get to the first page, and some of them may turn out to be completely hidden. Feel like a cosmopolitan and search for information from any country will help its two-letter code after the directive gl=country . For example, the code for the Netherlands is NL, while the Vatican and North Korea do not have their own code in Google.

Often search results are littered even after using a few advanced filters. In this case, it is easy to refine the query by adding a few exception words to it (each of them is preceded by a minus sign). For example, banking , names , and tutorial are often used with the word Personal. Therefore, cleaner search results will show not a textbook example of a query, but a refined one:

Intitle:"Index of /Personal/" -names -tutorial -banking

Last Example

A sophisticated hacker is distinguished by the fact that he provides himself with everything he needs on his own. For example, a VPN is a convenient thing, but either expensive or temporary and with restrictions. Signing up for yourself alone is too expensive. It's good that there are group subscriptions, and with the help of Google it's easy to become part of a group. To do this, just find the Cisco VPN configuration file, which has a rather non-standard PCF extension and a recognizable path: Program Files\Cisco Systems\VPN Client\Profiles . One request, and you join, for example, the friendly staff of the University of Bonn.

Filetype:pcf vpn OR Group

INFO

The passwords are stored in encrypted form, but Maurice Massard has already written a program to decrypt them and provides it for free through thecampusgeeks.com.

At Google help hundreds of different types attacks and penetration tests. There are many options for popular programs, major database formats, numerous vulnerabilities in PHP, clouds, and so on. Knowing exactly what you're looking for makes it much easier to get the information you need (especially the information you didn't intend to make public). Not only Shodan feeds interesting ideas, but any database of indexed network resources!

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In the era of digital technologies and high-speed Internet, you can find out any information. In a few minutes we find recipes for a delicious pie or get acquainted with the theory of wave-particle duality.

But often necessary information you have to sow bit by bit and spend more than one hour on it. website I have collected for you the most effective ways that will help you find precious materials in a couple of clicks.

1. Either one or the other

Sometimes we are not exactly sure that we remembered or heard the necessary information correctly. No problem! Just enter several suitable options through the “|” or English "or" and then select the appropriate result.

2. Search by synonym

As you know, the great and mighty Russian language is rich in synonyms. And sometimes it doesn't work at all. If you need to quickly find sites on a given topic, and not just a specific phrase, put the "~" symbol.

For example, the results of the query "healthy ~food" will help you learn the principles of healthy eating, introduce you to healthy recipes and products, and suggest visiting healthy restaurants.

3. Search within the site

4. Star power

When an insidious memory fails us and hopelessly loses words or numbers from a phrase, the "*" icon comes to the rescue. Just put it in the place of the forgotten fragment and get the desired results.

5. Lots of missing words

But if not one word, but half of the phrase fell out of memory, try writing the first and last word, and between them - AROUND (approximate number of missing words). For example, like this: "I loved you AROUND(7) not quite."

6. Time frame

Sometimes we desperately need to get acquainted with the events that took place in a certain period of time. To do this, add a time frame to the main phrase, written through ellipsis. For example, we want to know what scientific discoveries were made between 1900 and 2000.

The default search for Google Chrome is, of course, Google search engine. Everything is clear: Google Chrome the developers decided to add their own "brainchild". How to change this search engine in the browser, change its geolocation, as well as how to take advantage of its unique features, install additional search engines, read in detail in this article.

So how to set up search string: from simple to complex.

After installation, launch Chrome and see ...

Nothing more than a field for entering a query in the legendary Google. Below its logo is the name of the country corresponding to the geographic area of ​​the computer's IP address. If you use a proxy server, the state in which it is physically located (for example, Turkey) will appear on the picture, and in your native language. And if the IP is "open", your country will be displayed. That is, when the browser is launched, the user's geolocation is determined automatically.

Look at the panel. Everything suits me? Search engine, its location? No problem - feel free to enter any request in Russian in the field above visual bookmarks or in the address bar (the browser will quickly figure out that you are not typing a URL, but are looking for something). By the way, the service is free.

Change search engine location

For example, you are somewhere abroad or use a proxy, and Chrome regularly gives you the geographic zone to which the IP belongs, for example, England. And you are fundamentally interested in extradition in Russia or Ukraine. How to be? Create the appropriate settings:

1. Press the "Menu" button in top panel on right.

2. Select "Settings" from the list.

3. In the "Open at startup" section, enable the "Defined pages" button.

4. On the same page, click "Add".

• google.ru - Russia;
• google.com.ua - Ukraine;
• google.kz - Kazakhstan.

6. Click the OK button.

7. Restart Chrome and you will see the search engine in the desired location.

Don't want Google, want something else

If you like Google Chrome in all its "guises", but you want a different search engine, you need to change certain options:

1. In the settings, in the "Search" section, click "Configure search engines".

2. In the block "Other search engines ..." enter the data of the search engine of interest (for example, Yandex). Click Done.

3. Restart.

4. Return to this panel. At the top of the window, hover over the search engine link. Click the "Set as default" button that appears.

Now, when you enter a request, it will automatically be sent to specified system- yandex.ru, mail.ru, etc.

Note. You can quickly switch search engines in the Search drop-down menu.

I want to use several search engines at the same time

Well, this is also possible in Chrome. Follow instructions:

1. Log in to your browser settings.

2. Click the mouse to activate the setting "Defined pages ...". Follow the "Add" link.

3. Add all necessary systems (Mail, Yahoo!, etc.). Click OK.

4. They will automatically open.

Another option to run multiple search services is fixing tabs:

open the necessary resources;

click on each tab and context menu select the command " Fix ...";

They will also open immediately upon startup.

Advice! You can also use general search engines if you need alternative search results for a query of interest.

How to remove an unnecessary search engine?

In principle, this procedure is similar to closing a window in Windows:
1. To remove the link, open Pages on Startup.

2. Hover over the URL, click the cross icon.

Similarly, deletion occurs in the "Search Engines" panel.

How to change search settings?

Google has many advanced settings, speeding up the search, increasing its accuracy. Consider basic solutions:

1. When typing a query, its variants with additional words and phrases automatically appear at the bottom of the field. They refine the query and free the user from having to type it in full.

Hints are selected with a mouse click. In Chrome, you can set a picture, a photo in the search as a query. Click right click on it on the page and select "Find picture ..." in the list of commands.

4. Use search add-ons. The entire list of commands is displayed on the page - http://www.googleguide.com/advanced_operators_reference.html.

They perform specialized searches for data according to specified conditions. For example, they find the request only in links, anchors, text, tab title, etc.

We wish you to quickly find all the necessary information using Chrome.