Video

Basic principles of working with information. Why you need a personal information management system

Introduction

The formation of the information society leads to the transformation of education. Demand is becoming an education that allows a person to confidently enter the world of information, its search, analysis and interpretation. Regulations Russian Federation in education ( the federal law"On Education", the National Educational Initiative "Our New School", the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary and General Secondary Education, "The Strategy for the Social and Economic Development of Russia until 2020") are permeated with the idea of forming a high information culture of our society. The school, as the most important social institution in the formation of a personality, has been given the task of creating conditions for the formation of the ability of schoolchildren to work with information.

In the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary and General Secondary Education, each area of universal educational activities provides for the ability to work with information. The ability to work with information refers to general educational skills, is of a universal nature, which allows students to solve various cognitive and vital tasks. This is reflected in the corresponding classifications proposed by a number of authors (Yu.K. Babansky, I.Ya. Lerner, A.V. Usova, T.I. Shamova, N.A. Loshkareva, S.G. Vorovshchikov, D.V. Tatyanchenko, A.N. Tubelsky, L.M. Perminova and others).

The analysis of scientific literature led to the conclusion that the ability to work with information is a general educational skill, complex in its structure, it is a set of interrelated components (private skills), which, with their content, specify the ability to work with information.

The components of the ability to work with information are:

search for information (orientation in subject area for functional search, search for an object by a well-known name, selection of relevant information);

Analysis of information (determination of the main and essential, selection of semantic parts, identification of cause-and-effect relationships in information);

Interpretation of information (explanation of links and dependencies identified in the information);

Reformatting information (transferring information from one type of presentation to another);

generalization of information (formulation of conclusions based on the analysis of information);

Creation of information (creation of information products on paper and electronic media);

creation of electronic presentations);

The process of developing the ability to work with information will be successful if:

The general skill of working with information is a system, the interrelated components of which are particular skills: search, processing, creation, presentation, storage and transmission of information;

In the educational process, the technology of forming the ability to work with information is implemented, which ensures the progressive advancement of students in mastering the appropriate methods of activity in stages: the formation of the initial skill at the level of knowledge of the method of action, the unmistakable execution of an action according to the model, the application of the skill in similar situations, the application of the skill in a new situation on based on self-determination of the goal, a motivated choice of ways and means to achieve it when working in one educational area with the subsequent transfer of skills

to other educational areas;

Mastering the methods of activity when working with information is carried out with the active interaction of students with various sources of information and carriers of current sociocultural experience, taking into account the characteristics of students' activities at different stages of cognition.

Theoretical aspects of the use of pedagogical techniques at different stages of the lesson.

1. Sincwine.

Find in the given text keywords, words-definitions. Compose syncwines for the found words according to the rule:

The first line - the theme of syncwine, contains one word (usually a noun or pronoun), which denotes the object or subject that will be discussed.

The second line is two words (most often adjectives or participles), they describe the features and properties of the object or object selected in the syncwine.

The third line is formed by three verbs or gerunds describing the characteristic actions of the object.

The fourth line is a four-word phrase expressing the personal attitude of the author of the syncwine to the described object or object.

The fifth line is one summary word characterizing the essence of the subject or object.

Strict observance of the rules for writing syncwine is not necessary. For example, to improve the text in the fourth line, you can use three or five words, and in the fifth line, two words. Other parts of speech are also possible.

It is possible to work in groups, then present your syncwine.

This technique allows you to develop the ability to summarize information, to express complex ideas, feelings and ideas in a few words. This requires thoughtful reflection based on a rich conceptual apparatus.

2. Ratio.

Use the text of the textbook and select for each date indicated in the left column the corresponding event in the right column (connect with arrows).

DATE Event

3. Make the right offer.

Fragments of texts from sections of the textbook are given. Each sentence consists of two different sentences. Use textbook texts to find the boundaries of these fragments in each sentence and correct them.

For instance:

A) The compiler program (from the word compile - compose, assemble) processes commands,

B) The compiler program (from the word compile - compose, assemble) processes commands,

entered by the user, and organizes the execution of programs.

It is necessary to find the correct ending in the first sentence and the beginning in the second.

4. Breeding Schema Objects

From the classification or scheme considered in the text of the textbook, separate the objects in the table.

For instance:

In the section of the textbook "Office technology and Information Systems» the scheme is shown « computer technology in the office”, combining equipment, software, files and more. Divide the objects shown in the diagram into different columns of the table.

Work is carried out in groups, and each group fills in its own column. As a result, the entire table is filled.

5. Missing word method.

In the given fragments of the text, words are missing (limited number). Find them in the text of the textbook and write them in.

For example: words are missing in fragments of text matter, energy, information.

Given snippets:

A) As a result of the reaction of anabolism occurring with consumption ...., complex organic ... .. are formed from simpler ones.

B) Living organisms are characterized by the ability to transmit signs and properties unchanged and from generation to generation with the help of carriers ...... - RNA or DNA molecules.

6. Confusion.

Words are mixed up in the given fragments of the text. Correct mistakes.

For example: mixed up words matter, energy, information.

A) Mankind is already facing the task of developing inexhaustible sources information.

Over the next century, the transition to other sources will begin information , then

humanity will firmly embark on the path of creating an inexhaustible supply system information .

B) All levels of the organization energy unites a common property - mass. It is the mass that gives

status for each level energy .

C) Will giant turbines and underwater propellers resembling windmills be able to generate electricity by extracting substance from currents and waves?

Conclusion

Working with information and means today is becoming the main content of professional activity in information society, necessary component information culture. The purpose of training is not only obtaining this or that information, but also the formation of an information culture as part of intellectual skills. The role of the teacher is closely related to its formation. Only if the teacher gives the student diverse and extensive knowledge, teaches information skills, the person will be ready to continue his education, and, consequently, to decide professionally in life. Information culture is the most important component of the educational potential of the information technology space.

Literature

1. Andreev V.I. Pedagogy: tutorial/ V.I. Andreev. - Kazan: Science, 2000

2. Gin A.A. Methods of pedagogical technique / A.A. Gin. - Gomel, 1999

3. Fundamentals of pedagogical excellence / Ed. I.A. Zyazyuna.- M.: Enlightenment, 1989

The increase and complication of the information space

V modern world every year information gradually becomes one of the most valuable resources of well-being and influence. Every day it acquires more and more tangible characteristics of a full-fledged product: it is bought as a resource for their work and sold as a finished product. This happens for several reasons. First of all, the business environment is becoming more complex. The main factors here are the following.

An increase in the average size of companies and, as a result, an increase in internal corporate document flow. An ordinary manager or specialist has to go through everything in a unit of working time. large quantity documents that require some action or decision to be made. To do this, it is necessary to perceive all the necessary information contained in the documents received. To cope with such an increase in the flow of information is possible only by intensifying work, which is fraught with an overload of the nervous system, or by mastering more productive information technologies.

An increase in the number, volume and complexity of laws and other regulations governing the activities of entities in all areas of life. Whether we like it or not, a lot of people all over the world are engaged in the very fact that they create new information, which subsequently has to be used somehow. One of these creators are parliamentarians and employees of other state institutions, concerned with the regulation of our life in all its manifestations. And the more diverse it becomes, the more new norms are required to regulate it.

Development of the international division of labor and cooperation in the creation of science-intensive and high-tech products. The days when the most advanced units were produced within the same enterprise are going further and further into the past. At present, almost all high-tech products consist of components and parts produced in different parts of the globe. In order to be able to use them in various devices produced all over the world, technical specifications each detail must be unified and described in detail, which gives rise to new mountains of paper documentation.

The globalization of trade, forcing sellers to operate in a huge and highly complex world market. If earlier, in order to sell the fruits of their labor to an artisan or peasant, it was enough to go to the nearest market and meet with a potential buyer, now the marketing services of enterprises have to collect information about the state of the entire world market, take into account a huge number of factors that can affect the ratio of supply and demand for a given products.

In addition, both products and technologies for their manufacture are changing everywhere. This leads to a sharp increase in the number of contacts with suppliers of equipment, licensed technologies and components needed to create a product. In this situation, the ability to work with the information necessary to complete business tasks becomes a very important factor in career success.

Information Diversity

In order to somehow cope with the information flow, it should be divided into separate “streams” according to some criteria. We propose the following classification:

Information about the environment, which gives an understanding of what should be done in order for the product to be in demand in the market. Conventionally, this aspect of working with information can be called marketing of one’s own activities, answering the key question: “WHAT should be done?”
Legal and professional standards that set limits on work. Their observance is necessary for the certification of the finished product of labor, it is obligatory for work in the modern civilized market. The key question of this aspect is: “What and how CAN you do?”
Description of the technology of work. In the modern world, more and more people use in their work technologies that were not invented by them. Technology as a commodity is information containing a detailed description of each production operation. Key question: "HOW to do?"
Initial data for work, blanks for creating an information product. This aspect is important for those activities that are associated with the creation of a new information product. Key question: “WHAT to do?”

Separate functions in working with information

The ability to work with information as a professional skill includes several functions, namely:

Search for the necessary information:

creating your own catalog of information sources. If you have already searched for the information you need for work and have achieved a positive result, then it is logical to keep in mind the source, which may come in handy in the future. If over time you manage to learn more about other interesting sources, then you will gradually accumulate professional capital in the form of a catalog of sources of useful information;
development search engines. Most common on this moment are the corresponding Internet programs, catalogs of libraries and other structured information arrays;
use of book bibliography. All business, scientific and a significant part of popular literature contains lists of books and other official sources of information that the authors worked with when writing works. In this case, we accept the fruits of someone else's work related to the search and systematization of information sources on a strictly defined topic;
work with review publications. In the conditions of the dimensionlessness of the information space, many people began to specialize in creating original guides to it. They write books in which they very briefly outline the essence and content of a large number of read works and publications on a particular topic;
work with links. A search based on trust in selected authors is often very productive. In this case, having found an array of very high-quality information, you carefully study all the sources of information used by the author (or authors) that he refers to in the text as deserving your attention. Thus, it is possible not to drown in the information swamp due to the large amount of water, which usually dilutes valuable information. In this case, the authors chosen by you turn out to be saving "bumps", and their links - divergent "paths" among the information swamp.

Processing of the received information:

filtering (or sorting), in which two operations can be distinguished: the formation of an image of the necessary information and the rejection of everything superfluous;
systematization. Among the selected information, it is always useful to put some order in place, establishing logical or other connections between its elements, so that you can work effectively in the future.

Work with feedback. Often professional failures are due to the fact that a specialist considers the subject of his activity as an unchanging object. In this case, he draws up a work plan without taking into account the fact that his actions may cause any response from the object of labor or the environment. In addition, the process of changing the object of labor in the course of work may not go at all as expected. If in the future a person performs actions in a planned mode without taking into account new information received from the subject of labor or from the external environment, then the work process may get out of his control, and as a result he will receive a product that is not at all what he expected. Ability to respond quickly to information current state the subject of labor and the environment, the results of the actions taken, making changes in their activities, is a professional skill of working with feedback. This information mechanism underlies one of the most important business functions - control over the labor process.
Presentation of the finished product in a professional and public environment. It is not enough to create a good product - it still needs to be successfully sold. In order for the product to be bought at a good price, you need to give potential buyers as much positive information about him as possible. This aspect of work is similar to such an activity as public relations (PR, public relations). In this case, use:

newsmaking, or news making. You provide journalists with information that they are interested in as a resource for creating news material, and it is useful for you that in the report you (your work) will be presented in a favorable light;
publications. This type of cooperation solves the same problem as newsmaking, but by other means. Here you give journalists material that does not have the perishable quality of news, but is already ready for publication;
samizdat. Modern means of communication and copying technology allow you to quickly and at low cost create information product in the form of various brochures or prospectuses, send (or distribute) it to people or organizations of interest to you.

Internet. Thanks to the possibilities and principles of operation of search engines on the Internet, it is quite effective tool dissemination of information about you and your work may include posting relevant materials on the Web. You can offer them to the editors of various sites suitable for you and (or) place them on your personal site.

Working in conditions of lack of information

Currently, one of the main problems is that the search and processing of information necessary for work often turn out to be too long and expensive. Because of this, it is often necessary to act in conditions of lack of information. It also requires the development of special professional skills. Let's consider them in more detail.

Conventionally, three types of information deficit can be distinguished: there is not enough information about the environment, technologies; information is not available as a raw material. There are three ways to solve the problem:

In the first case, methods such as:

modeling, if the basic patterns of the existence and development of the environment are understood. It is not necessary to collect factual data - it is enough to calculate the development of the situation using formulas;
heuristics that allow you to find paths leading to success in an environment that is too complex, when it is simply impossible to calculate all the options. On the use of such rules, for example, the mastery of luminaries in chess and other logical games is built;
situational behavior, when a person who trusts his ability to act effectively in an extreme, poorly predictable environment is guided by the principle: "The main thing is to get into a fight, and then we'll see!"

In a situation of lack of information about work technologies, you can rely on your own creative potential by inventing a bicycle, or you can calculate someone else's technology from secondary data. For example, in the 19th century, D. I. Mendeleev derived the formula for smokeless gunpowder, invented by the Germans, using intelligence about the supply of raw materials to the chemical plant producing it. In both cases, it is useful to know the basics of methodology (the science of technology and the laws of its development).

As for the lack of information as a raw material for work, here it is best to look at it (information) as a commodity. Information data is the product of the work of other people or organizations. If they are not freely available in information space, then it could mean one of two things. Or the owners of information are ready to provide it not free of charge, that is, for money or on certain conditions of cooperation. For example, if the database user undertakes to provide the necessary information about himself or his work (a kind of information barter). Or the owner of the information does not want to disseminate it under any circumstances, trying to use his monopoly position in the competitive struggle. In the first case, you need to prepare for a purchase or a mutually beneficial exchange of information. The second variant of the situation leaves no other choice but to try to create the required information product on your own.

Sergey Gladyshev
Based on materials

"Job & Salary"

Information is any information received.

Our children receive information in different ways: from parents, the Internet, television, friends, books, teachers.

But let's dream.

Imagine, your children suddenly began to remember all the useful information they encounter, the first time and forever. Great!

Came to school - listened to the lesson - remembered. I read the book - I retold it!

It turns out that about 80% school subjects(not counting the Russian language and mathematics), one way or another, come down to the ability to convey the main meaning. Retell the text.

Therefore, in order for the child not to experience difficulties in learning, it is necessary to develop the following skills:

be able to read
be able to remember information
be able to work with information (highlight the main and important)
be able to reproduce information

Unfortunately, at school they do not teach to retell and work with the text, all this falls on the shoulders of the parents. And not many parents themselves know how to do it correctly, quickly and efficiently.

How to cope with the amount of information that comes to us every day? How not to miss the main thing? How to remove excess and unnecessary?

About this in our article.

You can learn such an important skill as retelling by introducing graphic organizers.

Graphic organizers (Helpers) are anything that somehow helps to organize information on a sheet of paper (or computer screen). In order to improve its memorization, assimilation, analysis and / or application.

With the help of Helpers, we will be able to structure information in such a way that it will turn from complex and voluminous into simple and easy to understand, analyze, remember, reproduce and apply.

Exists a large number of various graphic organizers. Probably many have already used at least one of them in their lives.

Remember, when you had a choice, you divided a sheet of paper into two parts, listing the pluses on the left and the minuses on the right, for example, of a new job.

Let's start our acquaintance with the simplest and most understandable helper for children - Spider Cards.

It may well be used in primary school for systematization of knowledge and received information.

For example, in our club of brilliant children, spiders wear various hats, smile and don't scare anyone.

We take a paragraph of the textbook, in the center we write the name or the main idea, and in the cobwebs - what supports this idea.

We try to write as little as possible in words, invent images, pictures.

Spider map for the lesson “Space Ranger. Mars." Author — Artem

And for those who don’t like spiders at all, Helper Fish may be more suitable. It is also used for retelling, and is quite easy to use.

You just need to help the children in the beginning. Draw the skeleton of a fish and invite the children to revive it.

You can write down short answers to questions, or you can divide the text and compose a retelling.

But not just write down phrases from the textbook, you can invite children to encrypt the retelling, but use pictures and drawings for the cipher.

Look at the fish that Makar created for the lesson "The Mystery of the Black Meteor, Day 19". Makar - Member of the Club of Brilliant Children:

Some children do not like not only spiders, but also fish. But who wouldn't want a delicious hamburger?!

Just like in any text, there is a beginning (introduction), a middle (narration), basic facts, interesting places, conclusion (conclusion). Let's try to present the text of a textbook or article in the form of a Hamburger.

The bun will be the introduction and conclusion.

The cutlet is the most basic, and the rest will be exceptions, features and additional information. Or maybe you can offer to learn a poem using the Hamburger technique ?! It's very funny.

We begin to cook our hamburger, do not forget to fry the cutlet well, take only fresh buns and lettuce. And then any topic will be learned easily, quickly and with pleasure.

Why it is worth using Helpers in our difficult life, full of information:

Ease of use. The child only needs to be able to read and write.
Easy to remember. Instead of a long and incomprehensible text, the child creates his own drawings and pictograms.
It is easy to remember the material covered, you can make several helpers on the main topics of the training course.
It is easy to make changes and additions if you learn new clarifying information.
The use of Helpers certainly requires the participation of parents. But, the older the child, the more you have done, the faster he becomes independent.
Pictures and drawings are not always invented. It trains just like any skill. Try to use symbols (we use geography and history), you can write foreign words, they are often much shorter than Russian ones (we pump foreign language), come up with your own abbreviations / pictures (we train creativity) and, finally, buy stickers, now there are a lot of them.

In 2003, the Institute for the Advancement of Research in Education (USA) of the Association for Adult Education and Literacy (AEL) published a review of 29 studies on the use of visual teaching aids. Most of the studies dealt specifically with graphic organizers.

It has been found that their use improves:

remembering information
reading comprehension,
critical thinking skills.

Use helpers in the process of teaching children and then teaching children at school and at home will become a simple and easy process.

In the daily lessons of the club of brilliant children, we use helpers to complete various tasks with children

We learn to compose them together with the children who participate in school lessons.

Today in the club of brilliant children came out 46 tasks. Today the focus of the day is one interesting trick))) In English!

You can join the club now and start playing with us from the very first day.

In the club, we play with the guys and every day we develop one of the 7 areas to make your children brilliant and comprehensively developed.

Here are the seven areas we are working on:

Memory and brain function
Logic, deduction, algorithms
Ingenuity, TRIZ
attention, concentration
Data processing
Creativity, artistic skill
Oratory, stagecraft

All lessons are developed by masters of their craft, and come to the mail in the format of short videos and assignments.

Children spend no more than 20 minutes a day completing the lesson.

The club is suitable for children from 5 to 12 years old, but older children may also be interested (if your child is over 12 years old, we recommend discussing this issue with him)

After all, thanks to such an integrated development, your child will improve grades at school, start doing homework faster, be able to win competitions, better prepare for the VPR, OGE and Unified State Examination and will be able to enter a more prestigious university.

Here is one of the latest reviews about the club

Usually, already in the 11th grade, methods of working with information are taught in detail to schoolchildren who have to write abstracts, serious essays. Many will go on to university, where academic success is largely determined by the ability to find useful data and apply it in their work. Methods of working with information at school are indispensable not only for students, but also for teachers, for whom it is important to teach data to students in such a way that they are understood.

The right approach: how important is it?

Of course, many people still prefer to work the old fashioned way, ignoring the various “abstruse” techniques and data teaching ideas. It is believed that those who are interested will learn everything themselves, and there is no need to make efforts for the sake of everyone else. But still modern methods and ways of working with information make it easier and easier for the general public to assimilate data, and this affects the availability of information, which means it is beneficial in the present and future.

Modern people are forced to survive in a world where a huge stream of data falls on us every day. To a greater extent, those connected with the educational process suffer from this - those who are trained or teaching. The optimal approach that will give best result, is the knowledge of methods of working with the received information, which helps to improve the perception. If the participants in the process are prepared for it, they can create the correct strategy for interacting with information, on the basis of which everyone will make the maximum benefit for themselves. The method of working with this information is determined by the choice of situations through which the process of cognition is organized. new area. At the same time, it is important that the participants themselves be able to form non-standard situations and apply the data received in them. This will help to better assimilate them, that is, the workflow will be productive and efficient.

School education and interaction with data

It is believed that the most relevant methods of working with educational information for those attending the general education course. Indeed, the program is filled with data, there are many subjects, each teacher wants to put maximum information on the discipline he teaches into the minds of students. All this leads to the fact that the child is faced with huge amounts of data, which are often categorically problematic to master.

By applying effective methods of obtaining information for the analysis of work, it is possible to determine which subjects have the highest priority, which areas of knowledge come out on top in them, and pay the most attention to this particular area. This does not mean that others, based on the results of differentiation of levels of importance, should be discarded. Modern methods of working with information in pedagogy force such a division into levels of importance, simply because mastering all the data taught is not realistic for a child with average mental, intellectual capabilities.

Base and development

Analyzing practices in school education methods of working with sources of information, it is necessary to remember the allocation of standard skills, abilities, as well as an expanded range of abilities. The first is important for everyone without exception. This is most relevant when it comes to basic subjects. These include mathematics, native language. The teacher's task is to explain the rational technologies for processing the received data in such a way that the time, labor costs for mastering the material are minimized, while the result would be high. Modern informatization, methods of working with information are aimed primarily at preserving the health of students.

Many teachers who are also involved in the theory of presentation of data, pay attention to the fact that some methods are more acceptable than others. To resort to them in the framework of pedagogical practice means to receive good result with an acceptable application of labor costs. The task of the social effects of informatization, methods of working with information is to save the resources of an individual student. This applies not only to the state of health, but also to interest, motivation, and human strength. It is equally important to apply modern methods to save time on both sides of the educational process.

Modern approach: is it necessary?

Using effective methods of working with information, you can not only keep the student interested, but also make the workflow of the teacher more streamlined, smarter and more efficient. Realizing this, a person gets more pleasure from labor activity, which directly affects the quality of the approach and performance. Benefit, diversity, accessibility, support of interest on both sides and the initiation of curiosity - all this can be achieved with really effective modern methods of working with information. As teachers with experience assure, mastering the methods of presenting data, as well as presenting methods of mastering information to students, benefits all participants in the work.

Children in our time are immersed in the educational process, and each new school year is characterized by this to a greater and greater extent. Pupils within the school walls are given huge amounts of information, and parents encourage their children to visit specialized institutions additional education which makes it even more stunning. All this is combined with an impressive amount of homework in various subjects, as well as recommendations for self-mastery of the material for which there is not enough time within the framework of educational program. Without effective methods of working with information, the assimilation of this entire stream is not possible. This is clearly seen in practice, because in many schools students cannot understand and remember even half of the information presented to them by teachers.

Rational approach as the key to success

According to many modern analysts, it is the lack of rationality in the practiced methods of working with information that makes the educational process so complicated. It is necessary to introduce such practices that would make work within the framework of school and university education productive to the highest degree, then all parties to the interaction will effectively assimilate the data. According to many, students in our time are quite capable of coping with the large flow of data that falls on them during the educational process, you just need to be able to correctly form the workflow.

Modern methods of the teacher's work with information are the optimization of time limits, as well as the rationalization of the efforts expended on one or another aspect of the subject. The teacher must purposefully information culture only in this case, students will be able to effectively master the knowledge presented to them. It is impossible to completely shift the task of perceiving data to the student, since children (and students) simply do not have sufficient knowledge and skills that would allow them to develop an applicable method for mastering the data. But the methods of the teacher's work with information, explained in practice, will help interested students, as part of repetition after the elders, to master the approaches and make the educational process more efficient and effective.

Information society: technologies to help people

The task of the adult generation is not just to show the younger ones what rational ways of processing information are, but also to arouse interest in such methods. Of course, mostly teachers can do this, but not only: parents can also make efforts to provoke interest in their child. To do this, it is important to correctly explain the main benefits that a person capable of working with large amounts of data receives if this process becomes effective.

As part of the educational program, teachers are recommended to prepare for interaction with students, using various practical, theoretical sources that explain how best to present information for the most effective perception of the audience. With significant time savings, you can discover a wide range of options for submitting and broadcasting data. At the same time, the educational process moves to a more intensive level, which improves the quality of mastering the subject and the performance of each individual student. Equally important, effective information processing methods have a positive effect on motivation, as students lose interest less often and more slowly due to the lack of data overload.

Effective Tools

Each educational process has its own specific features, and yet there are general techniques that can be used to simplify the presentation of data and their perception by students. And here, first of all, e-mail comes to the rescue. Computer Engineering. Text information processing tools through a computer, tablet provide ample opportunities both for correcting any information, and for interactive, bright, colorful presentation. This is of interest to schoolchildren, and gives the teacher ample opportunities to adjust the material for each individual group.

When analyzing what methods of working with information are when interacting with school-age children, they must first of all analyze creative options. They help to provoke children to work, arouse their interest, as schoolchildren feel themselves influencing the task and its solution. You can come up with a huge number of options within the framework of one subject - this is the processing of the data provided by the teacher in order to present them to others, and the compilation of your own lists, collections of lists on the topic of the lesson. Some teachers develop tasks in which students must find the mistakes made in the texts, and as a result, everyone is given the opportunity to compare their options with the correct one.

What methods of working with information exist?

Modern approaches make it possible to single out several typical methods, on the basis of which it is possible to build interaction between the teacher and the student, as well as to form relationships with the source of information aimed at the most effective assimilation of data. The most classic option is to use a simple but very productive question "Why?". It is believed that five successive clarifications given through such a formulation help to make the data as complete as possible, and the perception of logical connections between the answers makes it possible to master the material as deeply as possible. A person investigating a problem delves into the details of cause and effect within the framework of the subject being studied, and such a volume of data is sufficient to understand the essence.

It is equally important to mention, when analyzing what methods of working with information exist, the so-called six-hat method proposed by de Bono. It allows you to make decisions both individually and in a group, assuming a specific approach to the task of thinking. Six points of view are assumed, each of which is indicated by a single-colored hat. It is necessary to evaluate the features of process management, creativity, positivity in terms of logic. Points of view are no less important: information, criticism, intuition. With a comprehensive analysis of the current situation, data on it can be assimilated as efficiently as possible.

Assessing and analyzing

One of the methods of information processing involves the combination of seven approaches for obtaining and analyzing data. Using them in combination, you can achieve a really good effect. This method is most effective not within the framework of the training process, but in production, where it is necessary to analyze the state of the enterprise and quickly assimilate data related to aspects of its development. The method of working with information involves the formulation of strategic aspects, the assessment of advantages that allow competing with rivals, as well as the formulation of value aspirations at the organizational level. Analyzing frames, working style, internal structure and processes occurring within the organization, you can collect the maximum amount of data on the enterprise, on the basis of which to decide which areas need to be adjusted to improve the effectiveness of the workflow.

Another method of working with information is based on the idea of analysis carried out after the action. This is optimal for teamwork. Before starting work on a new task, task, subject, you need to remember the mistakes that led to the complete or partial failure of the vulgar work. Based on the information received, one can understand how one should have behaved before and what needs to be done in the present in order to avoid a negative outcome. As soon as the situation is understood by all participants, it is possible to start the educational process, launching the main mechanisms of interaction between group members.

Positive, systematic, thorough

Effective information management practices include research aimed at a positive outcome. At the same time, it is necessary to identify the most significant positive aspects in the issue under study, as well as to understand how they can be developed. Questions are asked, the answers to which will help maintain efficiency on high level. It is important that such a method of information processing provides a sufficient amount of knowledge for each participant in the process for development and growth in the future. The optimal variant of interaction with data involves a primary acquaintance with the subject, the formation of goals in its cognition, the definition of tools to achieve the plan, and the actual implementation of the chosen plan.

Another good method of working with information is the graphical reverse. It is suitable when it is possible to determine the deadlines for working on a project or mastering the material. At the same time, it is established what results a person or a group of people working together should achieve, a schedule is drawn up in the opposite direction, where all the activities necessary for a successful outcome are prescribed, and time intervals are set. It is believed that this option is extremely well suited when you have to work with information before exams.

Analysis and evaluation

In some cases, the most reasonable method of working with information becomes preparatory. It involves a set of preliminary works. First, the information already available is evaluated for completeness, comparability, and relevance within the framework of the task under study. At the same time, they analyze possible risks, development options, plan what resources a person or group working with data needs. This helps to understand which aspects of the information require more detailed elaboration, and also generally makes it easier to understand the full scale of the situation. Based on the correct preparatory phase you can effectively and quickly make accurate, balanced decisions, act relevantly and according to the situation.

No less important are the methods of working with information, which involve analyzing the optimal tactics and strategy and transferring it to the prevailing circumstances. At the same time, different methods for solving the same problem are evaluated and it is predicted which of them will give the best result under established conditions. Be sure to look at similar cases and the results of applying the options you like. This helps to solve the problem even when interacting with a fundamentally new object.

Constraints and Scaling Analysis

One of the methods of working with information in the framework of solving a problem involves determining the boundaries, the scope of the issue being addressed. To do this, it is necessary to improve the wording with the help of clarifying questions, to make them more understandable, clear, limited. This makes the task clearer, and also helps to highlight the most relevant solutions, discard those that in a particular situation will not bring a positive result.

An equally effective technique is the so-called brainstorming. It is recommended to resort to it in most modern firms when there is some problem that requires the analysis of large amounts of information and the development of methods for eliminating a difficult situation. A workflow requires a group of stakeholders who understand the issue. Collective discussion allows you to generate a number of ideas that are subject to mandatory fixation. It is impossible to criticize, evaluate the proposals made by any of the group members. All data formulated in this way is evaluated only subsequently by the participants selected for this purpose.

sort and collect

Another effective method Working with data involves organizing a large variety of information. To identify the structure, it is customary to resort to cards - physical or virtual, imaginary. By distributing data among such cards, it is easier to understand the relationships between individual aspects. Visualizing the structure of the situation, you can process, understand the information and find options for development.

An equally effective technique involves a collective approach, when ideas are generated for a certain time period. This is often used in team work on a project or in an organization. A special notebook is started, where for certain time(for example, a week) everyone should enter their own solution to the problem. With a given frequency, the collected options are subjected to analysis and analysis, on the basis of which the course of the entire group is chosen within the framework of the issue under study.

Today we will talk about what is work with information what rules, methods, ways and technologies of such work exist, where to get information, how to choose reliable sources of information, how to work with information and, of course, how to apply the information you have received.

Today, information is the most important criterion for decision-making by people of various specialties and activities. For the financial sector, which is the main theme of the Financial Genius website, information is, without exaggeration, of tremendous importance. To accept anything related to work, business or personal finance, a person needs information, moreover, as accurate and reliable as possible, in otherwise the decision can become erroneous and result in financial losses.

The average person works with information in the following way. Around it there is a so-called. information field - constant streams of various information, from which, due to the peculiarities of the functioning of the brain, it perceives only some small part, and not always necessary. Separate data, and sometimes “scraps” of information are deposited in the head, from which a person already forms a certain general picture and opinion on the issue of interest to him.

It is also no secret to anyone that recently the so-called. information wars, the purpose of which is to supply (stuff) distorted or false information in order to form in people the right opinion or decision on a particular issue. Moreover, information wars are waged not only on political issues, but also on many others, including economic and financial ones. They now occur constantly and everywhere, and if you do not notice them, this only confirms once again that they have the desired effect.

In order to avoid the influence of incorrect information, and the mistakes that decisions based on it can lead to, a person needs to develop a conscious and competent approach to working with information, use certain rules, forms, methods of working with information that will allow one to distinguish from the general information field only important, necessary and reliable data. Consider how to work with information correctly, what stages of working with information you need to go through.

Stage 1. Setting goals for working with information.

Working with information should always imply certain goals, that is, the benefit that you want to derive for yourself. As in any other case, goals should be formulated as specifically as possible so that it is clear how to work with information to achieve these goals.

Based on the goals set, all information for work can be divided into 3 categories.

1. strategic information. As the name implies, this should include information that allows for long-term planning and solving the most global problems. These include long-term trends in the economic development of the state, the work of the banking sector, market conditions, macroeconomic forecasts, long-term price trends of currencies and other assets, etc.

2. tactical information. This includes information that allows you to solve tactical tasks as part of the implementation of the strategic plan. If strategic information gives us the opportunity to determine where we will go, then tactical information - how we will do it. This category can include interim data of economic indicators, current rates on loans and deposits, medium-term price trends, etc.

3. Operative information. And, finally, the last, but no less significant, type of data is operational information. In some situations, on the contrary, it may turn out to be the most important, since both tactical and strategic data will be formed on its basis in the future. Tracking operational information is a very important stage of data analysis and processing, it should always be given special attention. This includes suddenly released economic and financial news, important news from individual financial entities, and short-term trends.

At the first stage of working with information, it is necessary to accurately formulate the goals that you want to achieve, for the sake of which you will search, analyze and process information.

Stage 2. Search for information. How to search for information?

To decide how to work with information, you first need to find it. Searching for information includes directly searching for the source of information, checking it for veracity, relevance and usefulness. All sources of information can be divided into 3 categories:

1. media sources of information. This includes any media: online publications, press, TV, radio.

2. Highly specialized sources of information. This includes thematic sites and blogs, books, scientific papers and analytical articles by individual authors, websites of specific companies and financial entities. Such sources, as a rule, can provide more complete and useful information than representatives of the first group.

3. Living sources of information. And finally, when thinking about how to seek information, one should also consider the possibility of obtaining it from specific people whom you consider competent in the matter you need. Words from their public speeches and even received in person can be used.

It is best to have several reliable and verified sources of information in the field of interest to you. If they all provide the same or similar information, then the likelihood that this information is true increases significantly.

Stage 3. Analysis of the received information.

Direct work with information always begins with its analysis. To analyze the information received, first of all, you need to divide all the information, data, knowledge that you receive into 2 simple categories:

1. Useful information.

2. Bes helpful information(information noise).

The first category will serve as the subject of further analysis and research, and you simply do not need the second - it will only take up extra space in your brain and computer, so it is better to immediately refuse to receive it. How to distinguish between useful information and informational noise? Very simple. Answer yourself these simple questions:

- What exactly is this information useful to you?

- Where, how, when, for what purpose can you apply it?

What benefits will you get from using this information?

If you are thinking and cannot give clear answers, then you are dealing with information noise, that is, useless information that you cannot use to your advantage. You simply do not need such information, and you should not spend precious “kilobytes” of your brain on storing and processing it.

In addition, then the analysis of the information received must necessarily include checking the data for:

– Reliability;

- Relevance.

When working with information, special attention should be paid to the sources from which you received it. The more data from this source, obtained earlier, later confirmed, the more reliable the source can be considered. Also, to confirm information, you always need to compare it with other sources.

Of course, the analysis of the information received will not bring any benefit, and may even be harmful if the data is already outdated and irrelevant. When analyzing financial information, the relevance of data plays a particularly important role.

Today, more than 90% of what we call information is, in fact, just information noise. Therefore, the first stage of working with information - analysis is just necessary in order to pass all incoming information through filters and, among the huge flow of useless, unreliable and irrelevant data, select the few that you really need for further work.

Stage 4. Information storage.

Before you start working with information, you need to save it. Especially when it comes to strategic or tactical information - after all, you will need it to work for a long time to come.

The storage of information should be systematized in such a way that you can always quickly and easily access the necessary data at the right time. All tools for storing information can now be divided into 2 categories:

– Information in paper form;

– Information in in electronic format.

The first option is no longer relevant today: it is inconvenient to store information in paper form, and it is not necessary (of course, if we are talking about information, and not about important documents). Therefore, it is better to immediately turn all paper media into electronic ones (for example, scan or even just take a picture) and save it on a hard or removable electronic media.

However, it should be understood that storing a single copy of information in electronic form is fraught with its loss, because any equipment can fail. Therefore, copies must be made. For them, you can use flash drives or the so-called. cloud services, allowing you to store information on other servers online (Yandex.Disk, Google.Disk, etc.)

There are 3 levels of access to information, based on how often you will access it, and how quickly you may need it.

1 level . The information you need daily. It must be stored in such a way that it can be accessed instantly. If these are paper documents, they should be located directly on the desktop, electronic ones - on your working computer. Shortcuts to the most frequently used documents can be displayed directly on the desktop, but the documents themselves are best stored in the “my documents” folder or on a non-system part hard drive so that they are not lost possible failures in system.

2nd level. Information for occasional use. It can be stored in desktop drawers or in separate folders on your hard drive. If information moves from level 1 to level 2, hide documents in a drawer and remove shortcuts from the desktop so that they do not interfere with you and do not clutter up your workspace.

Level 3 . Archival information. This includes data that you may only need under certain circumstances, but which still need to be stored. At home or in an office - these can be some separately allocated shelves or racks, information files can be archived electronically so that they take up less space, you can also send them to cloud services.

If the information is outdated, irrelevant and you definitely don’t need it for your work, you don’t need to store it: throw it away or delete it.

It is also important to classify each level of information correctly so that you can always quickly and easily find the data you need. That is, it is necessary to think over the structure of information storage, systematize data, distribute them into folders, incl. different levels of nesting. For example, you may have a folder “2015”, in it there are folders “January”, “February”, “March”, etc., in each of them there are folders “incoming documents”, “outgoing documents”, “reporting”, “contracts”, etc.

There is a golden rule for storing information: you need to keep the original and 2 copies - so the probability of data loss will be close to zero.

Stage 5. Making a decision based on the information received.

All work with information comes down to making a decision as a result, based on the goals set at the first stage. The accuracy and correctness of the final decision, both strategic and operational, will depend on how competently you searched, analyzed, processed and even stored information.

Well, today you learned how to work with information, and what are the main stages of working with information that you regularly have to go through.

And finally, one historical example. Surely everyone has heard the catchphrase “Who owns the information - owns the world”: she was born in the Rothschild dynasty after a successful exchange deal that brought Nathan Rothschild a profit of 40 million pounds in one day. Rothschild was the only person in London who knew for sure about the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo. He received this information by pigeon mail and used it to make a profit: on the stock exchange, he pretended that Napoleon had won the battle and began to sell shares. His example was immediately followed by other owners of securities. The price was falling, and Rothschild's front agents were buying up cheap shares. Everyone found out the truth only the next day - then the stock price instantly soared, and Rothschild made super profits. Nathan Rothschild's brother Yakov acted in a similar way on the Paris Stock Exchange.

Learn to competently search, filter, analyze, process and store information, and it will always work for your benefit!