Introduction

Considered thesis written on the basis of the Donetsk OJSC Donetsk Manufactory for the Cleonelly store.

One of the leading activities of JSC Donetsk Manufactory produces a wide range of garments, mainly bathrobes, sheets and towels. In addition, the company produces dyed cotton yarn for weaving and knitting.

The development of automated information technologies goes hand in hand with the emergence of new types of technical means for processing and transmitting information, improving the organizational forms of using computers, and saturating the infrastructure with new means of communication. The development of market relations has led to the emergence of new types of entrepreneurial activity and, above all, to the creation of firms engaged in the information business, the development of information technologies, their improvement, the distribution of automated information technology components, in particular software products that automate information and computing processes. They also include computer technology, means of communication, office equipment and specific types of services - information, technical and consulting services, training, etc. This contributed to the rapid spread and effective use of information technologies in management and production processes, to their almost universal application and great variety.

Enterprises engaged in the design and development of devices for various purposes are currently widely using various tools for both computer-aided design - CAD (CAD) and monitoring of production processes - process control systems (SCADA / DCS). However, for devices of own design, it is necessary to develop their own means of monitoring their performance and analyzing product quality.

The technological process of accounting for products in stock in the Cleanelly store includes the stage of accounting for the products sold.

The purpose of this graduation project is the implementation of an automated workplace (AWP) that allows you to account for products in the warehouse of the store.

To achieve the above goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

¾ analyze the business processes of the store;

¾ explore the information flows that arise at the stage of delivery of the developed product;

¾ develop conceptual and logical data models;

¾ develop software for automated workplace of product accounting

¾ evaluate the economic efficiency of the information system.

1 Development of software requirements

1.1 Analysis of existing solutions

Currently, there is a wide range of companies that combine both the direct development of products and the development of control systems for these products. Similar systems are being developed by well-known companies such as 1:C Enterprise and Zvezda. In such systems, the control and accounting of materials, and the processing of the information received are carried out.

"1C:Enterprise" is a system applied solutions built on the same principles and on a single technological platform. The manager can choose a solution that meets the current needs of the enterprise and will be further developed as the enterprise grows or the automation tasks expand.

The 1C:Enterprise software system is designed to solve a wide range of accounting and management automation tasks facing dynamically developing modern enterprises. Solving urgent problems of accounting and management The composition of the programs of the 1C:Enterprise system is focused on the actual needs of enterprises. Firm "1C" produces circulation software solutions designed to automate typical tasks of accounting and management in enterprises. A distinctive feature of 1C's circulation solutions is a thorough study of the composition of the functionality included in standard solutions. 1C Company analyzes the experience of users using 1C:Enterprise programs and monitors changes in their needs.

The main advantages of my Wholesale Base system include the relative low cost implementation of this system, as well as a number of other advantages:

¾ Reliability created applications. The software package (PC) must be resistant not only to user errors, but also to failures in the communication system.

¾ Ease of use of the interface;

¾ A high level of system security, which implies not only monitoring the availability of certain system resources and protecting information at all stages of operation, but also tracking the actions performed with a high degree of reliability.

1.2 Domain analysis

The peculiarity of the analysis of the subject area is that it allows you to see the entire set of operations of the organization.

CASE is intended for analysis and reorganization of business processes – All Fusion Process Modeler (BPwin) top-level tool supporting IDEF0 (functional model), DFD (Dataflow Diagram) and IDEF3 (Workflow Diagram) methodologies. BPwin is a powerful modeling software product that allows you to analyze, document and plan changes to complex business processes. BPwin offers a tool to collect all the necessary information about the operation of the enterprise and a graphical representation of this information in the form of a holistic and consistent model.

In terms of system functionality. Within the IDEF0 (Integration Definition for Function Modeling) methodology, a business process is represented as a set of work elements that interact with each other, and it also shows the information, human and production resources consumed by each work. The functional model is intended to describe the existing business processes in the enterprise (the so-called AS-IS model) and the ideal state of affairs – what to strive for (TO-BE model). The IDEF0 methodology prescribes the construction of a hierarchical system of diagrams, i.e. single descriptions of system fragments. First, a description of the system as a whole and its interaction with the outside world (context diagram) is carried out, after which a functional decomposition is carried out. – the system is divided into subsystems and each system is described separately (decomposition diagrams). Then each subsystem is broken down into smaller ones, and so on to achieve the desired degree of detail.

If during the modeling process it is necessary to highlight the specific aspects of the enterprise technology, BPwin allows you to switch to any branch of the model to DFD or IDEF3 notation. DFD (Data Flow Diagramming) diagrams can complement what is already reflected in the IDEF3 model, as they describe data flows, allowing you to see how information is exchanged between business functions within the system. At the same time, DFD diagrams leave out the interaction between business functions.

From the point of view of the sequence of work performed. And an even more accurate picture can be obtained by supplementing the model with IDEF3 diagrams. This method draws attention to the order in which events are executed. IDEF3 includes logic elements that allow you to model and analyze alternative scenarios for the development of a business process.

To consider business processes running in the warehouse of a store, it is necessary to use only two methodologies IDEF0 and DFD. The process of modeling any system in IDEF0 begins with the definition of the context, i.e. the most abstract level of describing a system or business processes as a whole.

Model IDEF0. To study the business processes "Formation of the supplier's order", "Receipt of goods", "Discharge of goods", consider the diagrams that are presented in the form of an IDEF0 diagram. An IDEF0 system is represented as a set of interacting activities or functions.

The IDEF0 methodology is based on four main concepts.

The first of these is the concept function block (Activity Box). The functional block is graphically depicted as a rectangle and represents some specific function within the considered system.

Each of the four sides of the functional block has its own specific meaning (role), while:

The top side is set to "Control";

The left side is "Input";

The right side is set to "Output";

The bottom side has the meaning "Mechanism" (Mechanism).

The second "whale" of the IDEF0 methodology is the concept of an interface arc (Arrow). Graphic display the interface arc is a unidirectional arrow. Each interface arc must have its own name (Arrow Label). With the help of interface arcs, various objects are displayed that, to one degree or another, determine the processes occurring in the system. In this case, the arrows, depending on which side of the work rectangle they enter or which side they exit from, are divided into:

Entrance arrows (enter the left side of the functional block) - depict data or objects that change during the execution of the work;

Control arrows (included in the upper face of the functional block) - depict the rules and restrictions due to which the work is performed;

Exit arrows (go out of the right side of the functional block) - depict data or objects that appear as a result of the execution of work;

Mechanism arrows (included in the bottom face of the functional block) - represent resources (for example, equipment, human resources).

The third core concept of the IDEF0 standard is Decomposition. The principle of decomposition is applied when a complex process is broken down into its constituent functions.

Decomposition allows you to gradually and structuredly represent the system model in the form of a hierarchical structure of individual diagrams, which makes it less overloaded and easily digestible.

The last of the IDEF0 concepts is the Glossary. For each of the IDEF0 elements: diagrams, function blocks, interface arcs, the existing standard implies the creation and maintenance of a set of corresponding definitions, keywords, narrative statements, etc., which characterize the object displayed by this element. This set is called a glossary and is a description of the essence of this element.

Consider the diagrams of business processes taking place in the warehouse of the store of OAO DMM, "Cleonelly":

For the general visibility of the system, it is necessary to build the context "Enterprise warehouse activity" (see Figure 1.1).

Figure 1.1 - Diagram "Enterprise warehouse activity"

After the context is established, decomposition is carried out, i.e. building the following diagrams in the hierarchy.

Each subsequent diagram is a more detailed description of one of the activities in the diagram above. An example of context work decomposition is shown in Figure 1.2. Thus, the whole system is divided into subsystems to the required level of detail, this system is divided into three levels.

Figure 1.2 - First level decomposition diagrams

Figure 1.3 - Diagram "Product clearance"

Figure 1.4 - Diagram "Goods issue"

Figure 1.5 - Diagram "Goods receipt"

DFD. The basis of this methodology is the construction of a model of the analyzed IS - designed or actually existing. In accordance with the methodology, the system model is defined as a hierarchy of data flow diagrams (DFDs) that describe the asynchronous process of information transformation from its input into the system to its issuance to the user. DFD diagrams are usually built to visualize the current operation of an organization's document management system. Most often, DFD diagrams are used as an addition to the business process model implemented in IDEF0.

The main components of a data flow diagram are:

External entities (graphically depicted as a square) - denote a material object or an individual, which is a source or receiver of information. For example: customers, staff, suppliers, customers, warehouse;

Systems / subsystems (graphically looks like a rectangle with rounded corners) - works denoting functions or processes that process and change information;

Data drives are an abstract device for storing information that can be placed in the drive at any time and retrieved after some time, and the methods of placement and retrieval can be any. The data drive is generally a prototype of the future database and the description of the data stored in it should be linked to the information model;

Data streams - defines the information transmitted through some connection from a source to a receiver. The flow of data in the diagram is represented by a line ending with an arrow that shows the direction of the flow.

Consider the Data Flow Diagram (DFD) "Goods Issue" Figure 1.6. This diagram shows the movement of documents when a "request for goods" is received by the organization.

Figure 1.6 - Diagram DFD "Goods issue"

Consider the following data flow diagram "Product clearance" (see figure 1.7). It shows the process of performing work and the movement of documents during the "release of goods".

Figure 1.7 - DFD Diagram "Product clearance"

In data flow diagrams, all the symbols used add up to a big picture that gives a clear idea of ​​what data is used and what functions are performed by the workflow system. At the same time, it often turns out that the existing information flows that are important for the company's activities are implemented unreliably and need to be reorganized.*******

The organizational structure of an enterprise engaged in the sale of terry products is considered on the example of the company JSC "Donetsk Manufactory M" of the Cleonelly store:

In the direction of developing systems for monitoring and accounting for materials, the following problems can be successfully solved:

1. This is the control over the goods supplied and stored in the warehouse.

2. Information about suppliers and consumers

3. Also contains information information and operations on the product

4. The log of the report of the released goods is contained

5. Contains a directory of goods

6. Automation of warehouse functions (arrival, consumption, write-off, reservation of goods)

7. Registration and storage of invoices for purchased and sold goods and services, as well as issuing invoices for prepayment, with deferred payment and with delivery of goods

8. Creation of invoices and accounting of issued goods

9. Conducting an inventory of warehouses with the creation of a collation sheet, an act of shortage and surplus

10. Create product bundles

As indicated, the main field of activity of this enterprise is the sale of cotton products. The design process includes many stages carefully worked out by the management structures of design enterprises throughout the life of this enterprise. This process cannot be changed at once, as it involves many departments of the enterprise itself, external subcontractors and clients of the project enterprise. Therefore, enterprises are cautious about the implementation of information systems related to the design and development management processes. As a rule, Russian enterprises use their own developments in this area.

1.3 Collection of requirements

When designing the information system (IS) of the "Workstation of the Wholesale Store", it was necessary to collect requirements that would help create an interface in such a way that it was convenient for the end user (store employee) to work with the developed IS.

Requirements engineering is a process that includes the activities necessary to create and approve a system requirements specification document.

To implement the process of automation of accounting and control of materials, it is necessary that the information system can fulfill the following functional requirements:

¾ documentation of results.

¾ The information system must be implemented as a program based on the Visual Fox Pro integrated environment.

The program works under the operating system Windows 2000/NT/XP.

There are four main stages in the requirements development process (Figure 1.8):

Analysis of the technical feasibility of creating a system;

Formation and analysis of requirements;

Specification of requirements and creation of relevant documentation;

Requirements validation.

Requirements gathering is an important stage of software design, since it is here that all customer requirements must be correctly and correctly formulated.

1.4 Requirements specification

Determining the correct requirements is probably the most important step in a software project. It is very important that the project format matches the software requirements put together by the development team, in otherwise these requirements cannot be supported and represented in the software product. The Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is of key importance for the entire software development life cycle. This is not only a derivative document that defines the specifications of a software project, but also the main document used for the purpose of qualification and acceptance tests. Certification is an assessment of the quality of work of project managers. It determines the degree of compliance of the software product with the established requirements. The SRS specification acts as a mechanism for fixing system requirements that are used as criteria for certification.

Based on the SRS, an agreement is reached between customers and software product manufacturers. The SRS specification fully describes the functions that the developed software product must perform. This allows potential users to determine the extent to which the product meets their needs, as well as ways to modify the product so that it is most useful in solving their problems.

Reduced development time. Various groups within the customer's organization are involved in the preparation of the SRS specification. They carefully examine all the requirements even before the direct development of the project begins. This reduces the likelihood of subsequent re-development of the project, coding and testing.

By carefully examining the requirements presented in the SRS specification, oversights, misunderstandings, and inconsistencies can be found early in the development cycle, when problems are much easier to fix than later in the development cycle.

The SRS specification becomes the basis for costing and scheduling. The product description is the real basis for estimating the cost of the project. In an environment where the notion of a formal offer exists, the SRS is used to validate an estimate of an offer or price.

With the right specifications, the SRS at the organization level can develop much more productive evaluation and review plans. As part of a development contract, the SRS provides a benchmark for evaluating compliance with specifications.

Thanks to the SRS specification, it is easier to transfer the software product to new users, as well as to install it on other computers. Thus, it becomes easier for customers to transfer the software product to other departments of the organization, and for developers to transfer it to other customers.

The SRS specification serves as the basis for the upgrade. This document deals with the product itself, not the project development process, so it can be used as an extension of the completed product.

After the process of defining and specifying requirements is completed, it is necessary to carry out requirements validation.

The requirements specification for the software project should be presented in Annex A.

1.5 Requirements validation

Qualification must demonstrate that the requirements really define the system that the customer wants to have. Requirements validation is important because an error in the requirements specification can lead to system rework and high costs if discovered during the system development process or after the system is put into production.

During the requirements validation process, various types of reviews of the requirements documentation should be performed:

1. Checking the correctness of the requirements.

2. Check for consistency.

3. Check for completeness.

4. Feasibility check.

There are a number of requirements validation methods that can be used together or individually:

1. Overview of requirements.

2. Prototyping.

3. Generation of test scenarios.

4. Automated consistency analysis.

The most obvious for the customer of the system is prototyping.

Before you start prototyping, you can create a UI flow diagram. Such a diagram is used to study the relationships between the main elements of the user interface.

The next step in requirements validation is prototyping.

A software prototype is a partial or potential implementation of a proposed new product. Prototypes allow you to solve three main tasks: clarifying and completing the requirements formulation process, exploring alternative solutions, and creating the final product.

Main menu prototype this module shown in Figure 1.9.

1.6 Choosing an information system design methodology

The essence of the structural approach to the development of IS lies in its decomposition (partitioning) into automated functions: the system is divided into functional subsystems, which in turn are divided into subfunctions, subdivided into tasks, and so on. The partitioning process continues up to specific procedures. At the same time, the automated system maintains a holistic view in which all components are interconnected.

All the most common structural approach methodologies are based on a number of general principles. The following principles are used as two basic principles:

Divide and conquer - the principle of solving complex problems by breaking them down into many smaller independent problems that are easy to understand and solve;

The principle of hierarchical ordering is the principle of organizing the constituent parts of a problem into hierarchical tree structures with the addition of new details at each level.

In structural analysis, two groups of tools are mainly used, illustrating the functions performed by the system and the relationships between data. Each group of tools corresponds to certain types of models (diagrams), the most common, among which are the following:

SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) models and related functional diagrams;

DFD (Data Flow Diagrams) data flow diagrams;

ERD (Entity-Relationship Diagrams)

At the design stage of IS, the models are expanded, refined and supplemented with diagrams that reflect the structure of the software: software architecture, block diagrams of programs and diagrams of screen forms.

The listed models together give a complete description of the IS, regardless of whether it is existing or newly developed. The composition of the diagrams in each particular case depends on the required completeness of the description of the system.

2 INFORMATION SYSTEM DESIGN

2.1 Architectural design

When creating any complex information system, a critical aspect is its architecture, where it is a conceptual vision of the structure of future functional processes and technologies at the system level and in interconnection. Usually complex information systems of organizations are designed as a composition of components interacting at a high level, which themselves can be systems. The architecture of an organization's information system makes the system easier to understand by defining its functionality and structure in a way that reveals design decisions and allows the observer to ask questions about meeting design requirements, distributing functionality, and implementing components.

The architecture of an organization's information system is a model of how information technology will support the main goals and development strategy of an automated object. It allows critical thinking and a clear vision of how integrated sets of information systems should be structured to achieve these goals. An information system architecture describes how information systems, applications, and people operate throughout an organization in a consistent, unified manner.

Thus, the architecture of an information system includes a generally accepted set of components that provide the "building blocks" of an information system. These "building blocks" and their characteristics are defined at the appropriate level of detail to match the needs generated by the planning decisions.

When designing modern information systems of organizations, their architecture should be developed taking into account many stakeholders, it should be understandable to users, enable developers to plan and schedule the system, allow defining key interfaces, functions and technologies, and also allow to estimate the project schedule and budget. At the same time, the architects of modern information systems are required to be responsible for creating a satisfactory and feasible system concept at the earliest stage of its development, maintaining the integrity of this concept throughout development, and determining the suitability of the resulting system for use by the client. On the other hand, information system architecture development is the process of describing information system architectures in sufficient detail to make them more useful for information system development.

The study of foreign experience shows that in developed countries, when developing the architecture of an information system, the following conditions are required:

¾ focus on the mission of the organization;

¾ focus on requirements;

¾ focus on development;

¾ the ability to adapt;

¾ the need for flexibility.

Compliance with all these conditions allows you to develop the architecture of the information system of the organization more perfect and efficient.

The main software architectures currently being implemented are:

¾ file-server;

¾ client-server;

¾ multi-level.

File Server. This architecture of centralized databases with network access assumes the designation of one of the computers on the network as a dedicated server that will store the files of the centralized database. In accordance with user requests, files from the file server are transferred to user workstations, where the main part of data processing is carried out. The central server basically performs only the role of a file storage, without participating in the processing of the data itself. After completing the work, users copy the files with processed data back to the server, from where they can be taken and processed by other users. Such an organization of data maintenance has a number of disadvantages, for example, when many users access the same data at the same time, the performance drops sharply, since it is necessary to wait until the user working with the data completes the work. Otherwise, changes made by some users may be overwritten by changes made by other users.

client-server. This concept is based on the idea that in addition to storing the database files, the central server should do the bulk of the data processing. Users access the central server using a special structured query language (SQL, Structured Query Language), which describes a list of tasks performed by the server. User requests are received by the server and generate data processing processes in it. In response, the user receives an already processed data set. Not the entire set of data is transferred between the client and the server, as happens in the file server technology, but only the data that the client needs. A user query of just a few lines can generate data processing that spans many tables and millions of rows. In response, the client can receive only a few numbers. The client-server technology avoids the transfer of huge amounts of information over the network by shifting all data processing to a central server. In addition, the approach under consideration allows avoiding conflicts of changes to the same data by multiple users, which are typical for file server technology. Client-server technology implements consistent data modification by multiple clients, ensuring automatic data integrity. These and some other advantages have made client-server technology very popular. The disadvantages of this technology include high performance requirements for the central server. The more clients accessing the server, and the greater the amount of data being processed, the more powerful the central server must be.

Based on these considerations, when designing the AWS architecture, the client-server technology was adopted as the basis. Layout diagrams reflect the physical relationships between software and hardware components of a system.

2.2 Designing the information system interface

The user interface is often understood only as the appearance of the program. However, in reality, the user perceives the entire system through it, which means that such an understanding of it is too narrow. In reality, the user interface includes all design aspects that affect the interaction between the user and the system. It's not just the screen the user sees. The user interface consists of many components, such as:

a set of user tasks that he solves with the help of the system;

system controls;

navigation between system blocks;

visual design of the program screens.

Here are some of the most significant benefits of a good user interface from a business perspective:

reducing the number of user errors;

reducing the cost of system support;

reduction of loss of productivity of workers during the implementation of the system and more fast recovery lost productivity;

improving staff morale;

reducing the cost of changing the user interface at the request of users;

availability of system functionality for maximum number users.

AWP wholesale base is developed as an application using client-server technology.

2.2.1 User interface of the control program

The main module of the "Workstation Wholesale Base" is the Luck.exe module, which provides the implementation of the main functionality of the use case diagram presented in Figure 1.9 of Section 1.4.

When developing an information system, one of the main tasks is to create the simplest and most unloaded interface. It is the interface of the software product that helps users "communicate" with the information system, acting as a dialogue between the user and the system.

Program interface, administrator part:

1. the starting form of the program. This form is launched when the software product is launched, thus forming the beginning of the user's dialogue with the system (Figure 2.3);

2. admin form. This form is carried out full control information system, i.e. adding, deleting, changing data in the database, as well as, if necessary, viewing and printing reports (Figure 2.4);

3. form "Customers", thanks to this form you can see complete information about the customers of the enterprise (Figure 2.7);

4. form "Suppliers", thanks to this form, you can see complete information about the customers of the enterprise (Figure 2.8).

Program interface user part:

In the window of the arrival of the goods, the goods are being processed. When selecting this form tab, the user must first

In the consumption menu, there are operations carried out by a warehouse employee for the release and sale of goods.

In the leftovers menu, the goods, the names stored in the warehouse, are counted.

In the cash register menu, information on incoming orders and outgoing cash orders is stored here. (Screenshots)

2.2.2 User interfaces of control components

Fig 2.0 Main menu of the program

The main window of the program is shown in Fig. 1.9. As can be seen from the figure, in addition to the main menu already described above, it will also contain a control panel (buttons "Income", "Expense", "Access", "Balances", "Cashier", "Revaluation", "Analytics", " Directories", "Utilities" and "Exit the program").

Figure 2.1 Window of the menu of arrival or receipt to the warehouse.

Figure 2.2 Flow Menu Window

Figure 2.2 Menu window that regulates access rights to the program.

Figure 2.3 The menu window of the rest of the goods.

Figure 2.4 Checkout menu window.

Figure 2.4 Revaluation menu window.

2.3 Database design

ERwin 4.0 from Computer Associates Int. was used to design the database.

ERwin is a powerful and easy-to-use database design tool that has gained wide acceptance and popularity. It provides the highest productivity in the development and maintenance of applications using databases. Throughout the process - from logically modeling the information requirements and business rules that define the database, to optimizing the physical model to match the desired characteristics - ERwin provides a visual representation of the structure and key elements of the database.

ERwin - not only best tool for designing databases, but also a tool for quickly creating them. ERwin optimizes the model according to the physical characteristics of the target database. Unlike other tools, ERwin automatically maintains logical and physical schema consistency and translates logical constructs such as many-to-many relationships into their physical implementation. Facilitates database design. To do this, it is enough to create a graphic E-R model(object-relationship) that satisfies all data requirements and introduce business rules to create a logical model that displays all elements, attributes, relationships and groupings. Erwin has two levels of model representation - logical and physical. The logical level is an abstract view of data, where data is presented as it looks in the real world, and can be called as it is called in the real world, for example, “Regular customer”, “Department”, or “Employee last name”. Model objects that are represented at the logical level are called entities and attributes. The logical level of the data model is universal and is in no way associated with a specific DBMS implementation. There are three sublevels of the logical level of the data model, which differ in the depth of presentation of information about the data:

Entity Relationships Diagram (ERD)

Data model based on keys (Key Based model (KB));

Full attribute model (Fully Attributed model (FA)).

The entity-relationship diagram includes entities and relationships that reflect the basic business rules of the subject area. Such a diagram is not too detailed, it includes the main entities and the relationships between them that satisfy the basic requirements. An entity-relationship diagram may include many-to-many relationships and not include a description of the keys. Typically, ERD is used for presentations and discussions of the data structure with subject matter experts. A key-based data model is a more detailed representation of data. It includes a description of all entities and primary keys and is intended to represent the data structure and keys that correspond to the subject area.

The logical model is the most detailed representation of the data structure: it represents the data in the third normal form and includes all entities, attributes and relationships (see Appendix B).

Physical data model on the contrary, it depends on the specific DBMS, in fact, being a display of the system catalog. The physical layer of the model contains information about all database objects. Since there are no standards for database objects (for example, there is no standard for data types), the physical layer of the model depends on the specific implementation of the DBMS. Therefore, the same logical level of a model can correspond to several different physical levels of different models. If at the logical level of the model it does not matter more what specific data type the attribute has (although abstract data types are supported), then at the physical level of the model it is important to describe all the information about specific physical objects - tables, columns, indexes, procedures, etc. . Separation of the data model into logical and physical layers allows you to solve several important problems.

The physical data model is presented in Appendix B.

2.4 Rationale for choosing a platform for creating an information system

Visual FoxPro is a visual relational database management system development environment currently released by Microsoft. The latest version is 9.0. Uses the FoxPro programming language. System version 7.0 can run on Windows 9x and NT kernel operating systems, versions 8.0 and 9.0 - only on Windows XP, 2000, 2003.

FoxPro (Fox-Pro?) is one of the dialects of the xBase programming language. Mainly used for development relational DBMS, although it is possible to apply to the development of other classes of programs. As noted above, the VFP language is a highly supplemented and extended xBase language. In Visual FoxPro, the programming language, that is, the basic language construct is the concept of a class. The original version of xBase is the purest structural language, with the basic concept of procedures and functions. Thus, the modern Visual FoxPro programming language allows you to combine both programming "the old fashioned way" with a description of the mass of procedures, and in the OOP style, creating a complex class hierarchy.

I chose this programming language because it contains a number of the following advantages:

¾ Well-known database table format, which makes it easy to exchange information with others Microsoft applications Windows.

A modern organization of relational databases that allows you to store information about database tables, their properties, indexes and relationships, set referential integrity conditions, create local and remote views (Views), connections with servers, stored procedures that are executed when more than 50 different types of events occur (VFP 7.0-9.0).

High speed with big bases data.

High visibility of working with databases: the multifunctional Data session window allows you to see a list of open database tables, their relationships, filters, index order, buffering modes, switch to structure modification modes, work with table information, etc.

High-speed application development using Wizards (Wizard), Designers (Designer), Builders (Builder), IntelliSense prompt mode when writing program text, debugging and program testing systems.

Ability to develop client-server applications with data hosted on Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server database servers and other Microsoft Windows applications using ODBC and OLE

The VFP system is intended for use by professional programmers, so there is no point in Russifying its menu and language - for any programmer, the English syntax of the algorithmic language is more familiar than Russian.

2.5 Module design

Let us dwell in more detail on the design of one of the program modules and consider, using its example, the steps necessary to create a project.

As an example, I will consider the design of a module that implements the use case “Applying for admission”.

First, let's describe the flows of events that occur in this use case.

A precondition for a use case is the receipt of a request from the client.

5. The use case starts when the customer submits a ticket.

6. The manager opens the Incoming form.

7. The manager puts the date of the application.

8. The manager puts the name of the product.

9. The manager enters the quantity of incoming goods.

10. The manager enters the amount of the application.

11. The manager closes the form.

12. The use case ends.

A postcondition to the use case is the registration of an application in the system and the appearance of a new client in the log of the main form.

Consider the sequence diagram this option use. As can be seen from this diagram, the manager, opening the Incoming form, causes several actions to be performed - automatically (from the manager's point of view) the date of the application is filled in. The list of clients when making an application is filled from the base with primary information. After that, the manager enters all the necessary data and clicks the "Accept" button. This performs the following steps. All data is passed to the stored procedure.

3 Implementation and validation of the information system

3.1 Application Implementation

The implementation of the application, in its essence, is one of the laborious stages for the developer of the information system, because the requirements that the customer puts forward must be clearly and correctly integrated into the system. So far, there are no such software products that could "adjust" to the requirements of the so-called customer and provide a specific set of functions for the implementation of the system that will meet these requirements. Therefore, each developer must choose the optimal environment for developing the system, but it should be noted that when implementing an application, one cannot do without writing program code. It is when writing the program code that certain functions that the system must perform will be implemented. Depending on the selected system implementation environment, the program code will look different, in an environment such as Microsoft Visual FoxPro there will be one program code, in Visual Basic another, and so on.

In this case, the application was implemented in Microsoft Visual FoxPro.

The main functions of the system will be described below:

1. Starting form of the system. This form is a button form and, accordingly, each button performs its function. The administrator registration button is shown in Figure 3.1. This button will perform a function that opens the administrator panel if the user has such rights to this system

2. Menu button arrival. This button allows you to keep track of incoming goods at the warehouse of the store (Fig. 3.2).

3. In the button of the consumption menu, the account of the released goods from the warehouse is kept. Figure 3.3.

4. In the access menu button, the rights to use this program are regulated. Figure 3.4.

5. In the leftovers menu button, information about the materials stored in the warehouse of the store is stored. Figure 3.5.

6. The button of the cash desk menu stores information about incoming cash orders and outgoing cash orders Fig. 3.6.

7. In the menu button, the revaluation passes the price changes to the new price of the goods fig.3.7.

Figure 3.1 - Starting form of the system

Figure 3.2 - Form of accounting for receipts of material to the warehouse.

Figure 3.3 - Form of accounting for the released goods.

Figure 3.4 - Form regulating access rights to the program.

Figure 3.5 - The form of the remaining goods in the warehouse.

Figure 3.5-Form on incoming cash orders and outgoing cash orders.

Figure 3.6-Form of transactions for the goods.

Application testing

Testing is the process of executing a program in order to detect errors. Testing provides:

Error detection;

Demonstration of the compliance of the program functions with its purpose;

Demonstration of the implementation of the program performance requirements;

Display reliability as an indicator of program quality.

Figure 3.2 shows the information flows of the testing process.

There are three flows at the input of the testing process:

Program text;

Initial data for starting the program;

Expected results.

Tests are performed, all results are evaluated. This means that the actual test results are compared with the expected results. When a mismatch is found, an error is fixed and debugging begins.

After collecting and evaluating the test results, the display of the quality and reliability of the software begins. If serious errors are regularly encountered that require design changes, then the quality and reliability of the software are suspect, the need for increased testing is stated.

The results accumulated during testing can also be evaluated in a more formal way. To do this, software reliability models are used that perform a reliability prediction based on real data on the error rate.

There are 2 principles of program testing:

Functional testing (black box testing);

Structural testing (white box testing).

In white box testing, it is known internal structure programs. The object of testing here is not the external, but the internal behavior of the program. The correctness of the construction of all elements of the program and the correctness of their interaction with each other are checked.

Black box testing (functional testing) allows you to get combinations of input data that provide a complete check of all functional requirements for the program //. The software product is here treated as a "black box" whose behavior can only be determined by examining its inputs and corresponding outputs.

The "black box" principle is not an alternative to the "white box" principle. Rather, it is a complementary approach that detects a different class of errors.

Black box testing searches for the following categories of errors:

Incorrect or missing functions;

interface errors;

Errors in external data structures or in access to an external database;

Performance errors (required memory capacity, etc.);

Initialization and termination errors.

Unlike white box testing, which is performed early in the testing process, black box testing is applied late in the testing process. Black box testing neglects the control structure of the program. Here attention is focused on the information domain of the definition software system. Testing in this phase focuses on the suitability of the solution for use in a live production environment. The focus is on fixing bugs and determining their severity, and getting the product ready for release.

During the testing phase, two main tasks are solved:

Testing the solution - test plans created during the planning stage and expanded and tested during the development stage are executed;

Pilot operation - deployment of the solution in a test environment and testing with the involvement of future users and the implementation of real scenarios for using the system. This task is performed before the start of the deployment phase.

The purpose of the testing phase is to reduce the risk that occurs when the solution is put into commercial operation.

For the success of the testing phase, it is necessary that there is a change in attitude towards the project and the developer switches from developing new features to ensuring the proper quality of the solution.

At this stage of information system development, it is necessary to carry out the following types of testing:

Basic testing - low-level technical testing. It is carried out by the developer himself in the process of writing the program code. The white box method is used, the risk of errors is high.

Usability testing is a high-level testing performed by the tester and future users of the product. The black box method is used.

Alpha and Beta Testing - in MSF terms, alpha code is basically all the source code created during the development phase of the MSF process model, and beta code is the code that was tested during the testing phase. Therefore, during the development phase of the MSF process model, the alpha code is tested, and during the testing phase, the beta code.

Interoperability Testing - The solution being developed is required to be able to integrate and interoperate with existing systems and software solutions. This form of testing is focused on checking the integrability and ability of the developed solution to interact with existing systems. In this particular case, the correct operation of the application on the user's equipment and the software used by the user will be checked.

Performance testing - focused on checking whether the application meets the requirements for performance and speed comfort level.

Testing documentation and help system - all developed accompanying documents and help systems are tested.

Piloting is the testing of a solution in a production environment. The main purpose of pilot operation is to demonstrate that the solution is capable of stable operation in industrial environments and meets the requirements of the business. During pilot operation, the solution is tested in real conditions. Pilot operation allows users to express their opinion on the operation of the product. Based on this opinion, the developer eliminates all possible problems or creates an action plan in case of unforeseen circumstances. Ultimately, the pilot operation allows you to decide whether to start a full-scale deployment or postpone until you fix problems that could derail the deployment.

The pilot operation process plan for the developed information system is given in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 - Pilot operation plan

3.2 Application Deployment Technique

At this stage, the developer (or team) deploys the technologies and components necessary for the solution, the project moves to the maintenance and support stage, and the customer finally approves it. After deployment, the team evaluates the project and surveys users to determine their satisfaction.

Deploy phase goals:

¾  transfer the solution to the industrial environment;

¾ - recognition by the customer of the fact of completion of the project.

Deployment of site-specific components consists of several stages: preparation, installation, training, and formal approval.

The results of the system deployment phase are maintenance and support systems, a document repository where all versions of documents and code developed during the project are located.

To deploy the system under development, an action plan was drawn up, which is shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 - Application deployment plan

For the normal functioning of the workstation, an operating room is required. Microsoft system WindowsXP.

4 Information project management

4.1 Choice of development life cycle

One of the basic concepts of the IS design methodology is the concept of the life cycle of its software (LC software). The life cycle of software is a continuous process that begins from the moment a decision is made on the need for its creation and ends at the moment of its complete withdrawal from operation.

The main regulatory document regulating the software life cycle is the international standard ISO / IEC 12207 (ISO - International Organization of Standardization - International Organization for Standardization, IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission - International Electrotechnical Commission). It defines a life cycle structure that contains the processes, activities, and tasks that must be completed during software development.

The ISO/IEC 12207 standard does not offer a specific life cycle model and software development methods. The life cycle model can be understood as a structure that determines the sequence of execution and the relationship of processes, actions and tasks performed throughout the life cycle. The life cycle model depends on the specifics of the IS and the specifics of the conditions in which it is created and operates.

Today there are many software life cycle models, but the two most popular and widespread are:

Spiral model (see figure 4.1);

iterative model.

Figure 4.1 - Spiral model of software life cycle

To create an information system, i.e. "Automated workplace wholesale depot warehouse employee”, an iterative one was chosen. The distinguishing feature of the iterative model is that it is a formal method, it consists of independent phases performed sequentially and is subject to frequent review (Figure 4.2). The iterative approach has proven itself in building ISs for which, at the very beginning of development, all requirements can be formulated quite accurately and completely in order to give developers the freedom to implement them as best as possible from a technical point of view.

Advantages of the iterative model:

the model is well known to non-developers and end users.

Convenience and ease of use, because all work is carried out in stages (according to the phases of the model);

Requirements stability;

The model is understandable;

The structure of the model can be guided even by technically poorly trained personnel (an inexperienced user);

The model deals with complexity in an orderly manner and works well for those projects that are reasonably understandable;

The model promotes strict project management control;

Facilitates the work of the project manager to plan and complete the development team.

Figure 4.2 - Iterative model of software life cycle

Model phases:

At the analysis stage, the functions that the system should perform are determined, the highest priority ones that require elaboration in the first place are identified, information needs are described;

At the design stage, the processes of the system are considered in more detail. The functional model is analyzed and, if necessary, corrected. Prototypes of the system are being built;

At the implementation stage, the system is being developed;

At the implementation stage, the finished product is introduced into the already existing system of the organization. User training is provided;

At the maintenance stage, the software product is serviced (any addition or change to make the product more functional).

Choosing a software development life cycle model is an important step. Therefore, for a project, the choice of a software development life cycle model can be made using the following processes.

Analysis of the distinguishing categories of the project, placed in the tables.

Answer the questions given for each category by underlining the words “yes” and “no”.

Prioritize the categories or issues related to each category in relation to the project for which an acceptable model is being selected.

Development team. Based on the capabilities, the selection of personnel for the development team takes place even before the software development life cycle model is chosen. The characteristics of such a team (see Annex G, Table G.1) play an important role in the process of choosing a life cycle model, which means that the team can provide significant assistance in choosing a software product life cycle model, since it is responsible for the successful implementation of the developed life cycle model. .

User team. In the early stages of a project, a complete picture of the user community (see Appendix AND Table H.1) that will be working with the developed software and its future relationship with the development team throughout the project can be obtained. This representation helps in choosing the appropriate model, since some models require increased user participation in the development process and study of the project, since the requirements may be slightly changed by the user during the development process, the developer needs to know these changes and how to represent these changes in the software.

4.2 Defining the purpose and scope of the software project

The software product being developed for accounting for goods in a warehouse will automate the process of receiving, structuring and storing data about goods in a warehouse, as well as simplify the process of issuing reports.

The goals of the software project will be - the creation and deployment of a system for accounting for goods. This system intended for internal use by Cleonelly personnel, mostly employees of the company's warehouse.

In order to define the scope of the software product, what the software project should or should not be will be described below.

The software project must be:

For internal use within the organization;

A project for the implementation of multi-user access;

A project that has the ability to enter, change and store information about the product of the enterprise;

A project that has the ability to enter, change and store information about users of the system;

A project that has the ability to enter, change and store information about customers and suppliers of the organization that are subjects of transactions;

A project that will generate external reporting.

4.3 Creation of the structure of the operational list of works

To create a unique product or service (the result of the project), you need to carry out a certain sequence of work. The task of project planning is to accurately estimate the timing and cost of these works. The more accurate the estimate, the higher the quality of the project plan. To give an accurate estimate, you need to have a good understanding of the scope of the project, that is, to know exactly what work needs to be done to obtain its result. Only after the list of project works is compiled, the duration of each of them is estimated, and the resources necessary for their implementation are allocated. And only then can you estimate the cost and timing of each task and, as a result of addition, the total cost and duration of the project. This is why defining the scope of work is the first step in project planning. Determination of the scope of design work begins with the definition of stages (or phases) of the project. For example, in the project for the creation of the system "Accounting for goods in the warehouse", the following phases can be distinguished:

Development of software requirements;

Information system design;

Implementation and certification of the information system;

System implementation.

After the composition of the phases and their results are determined, it is necessary to determine the sequence of these phases relative to each other and the deadlines for their implementation. Then you need to determine what works the phases consist of, in what sequence these works are performed, and what deadlines need to be met in their execution.

The operational list of works (Figure 4.3) was designed using a software product such as MS Project 2003.

Figure 4.3 - Operational list of works

4.4 Estimating the duration and cost of software development

Duration estimation. It is determined after the construction of the operational list of works (Figure 4.3, paragraph 4.3). This duration estimate can be seen using the Gantt chart (Appendix K).

Charts are graphic tool displaying the information contained in the project file. From charts, you can get a visual idea of ​​the sequence of tasks, their relative duration, and the duration of the project as a whole.

The Gantt chart is one of the most popular graphical representations of a project plan and is used in many project management programs.

In MS Project, the Gantt chart is the main means of visualizing the project plan. This chart is a graph with a horizontal timeline and a vertical list of tasks. In this case, the length of the segments denoting tasks is proportional to the duration of the tasks.

On the Gantt chart, additional information can be displayed next to the bars (next to the tasks, the names of the resources involved in them and their load when the task is completed are displayed).

Cost estimate

The project consists of tasks , that is, activities aimed at achieving a certain result. In order for a task to be completed, resources .

An important property of resources is the cost (Cost (Cost)) of their use in the project. There are two types of resource costs in MS Project: time rate and cost per use.

The time rate (Rate) is expressed in the cost of using the resource per unit of time, for example, 100 rubles per hour or 1000 rubles per day. In this case, the cost of the resource's participation in the project will be the time during which he works in the project, multiplied by the hourly rate.

In this case, the time rate was used (Figure 4.4). The total cost of using resources can be seen in Figure 4.5.

Figure 4.4 - Time rate in resource use

In this figure, you can see that the system developer receives 50 rubles per hour during the project; a business analyst receives 45 rubles per hour, a tester 38 rubles per hour. Overtime rate is not taken into account.

Figure 4.5 - Total cost of using project resources

4.5 Allocation of project resources

A fragment of the distribution of resources for the system "Accounting for goods in the warehouse" can be seen in Figure 4.6

Figure 4.6 - A fragment of the distribution of project resources

For each work performed in the project, a resource is associated that will perform this work. The figure shows the total amount of work for each of the resources and the specific number of hours spent on a particular day.

4.6 Evaluation of the economic efficiency of the project

The calculation of the economic efficiency of the project is an important step. It is here that the economic efficiency of the project will be calculated. This calculation will show how profitable the project is or the project is completely unprofitable. When calculating the economic efficiency of the project, it will be necessary to calculate the payback period of the project. The payback period will show the period for which the project will pay off.

Input data.

Additional profit from the implementation of the project (DP) = 38,000 rubles. Additional profit was predicted by the company's experts.

Starting investment (IC) = 39396.47 rubles. Start-up investments correspond to the total costs of using project resources (Figure 4.5 of clause 4.6)

Discount rate (i) = 12%.

The term for which the project is designed (n) = 2 years.

Additional profit from the implementation of the project (DP) = 38,000 rubles.

Annual costs for the implementation of the project (Z 1) = 15,000 rubles.

Annual costs for the implementation of the project (Z 2) = 10,000 rubles.

Annual cash receipts (R 1) = 23,000 rubles.

Annual cash receipts (R 2) = 28,000 rubles.

When evaluating investment projects, the net present income calculation method is used, which provides for cash flow discounting: all income and expenses are given to one point in time.

The central indicator in the method under consideration is the NPV indicator (net present value) - the current value of cash flows. This is a generalized end result of investment activity in absolute terms.

An important point is the choice of the discount rate, which should reflect the expected average level of loan interest in the financial market.

Net present value (NPV) is calculated using formula 4.2

(4.2)

R k - annual cash receipts for n years.

k - the number of years for which the project is designed.

IC - initial investment.

i - discount rate.

According to this formula NPV= RUB 3460.67

The NPV indicator is an absolute increase, since it estimates how much the reduced income covers the reduced costs. Since NPV > 0, the project should be accepted.

The return on investment (ROI) ratio is calculated using formula 4.3

(4.3)

Calculated (ROI) = 108.78%

Table 4.1 - Auxiliary table for calculating the payback period of the project

= 1,84

Payback period n ok = 1.84 years (1 year and 11 months)

Since ROI => 100% (namely = 108.78%), the project is considered profitable.

(4.4)

Thus, the profitability index is (PI) = 1.2

Automated workstations

performance requirements

List of generated reports

4.4.2. Requirements for the system of planning and production control

The information system should provide enterprise resource planning and order production management.

IS functionality requirements:

1. Configuration management of finished products (FP):

Maintenance of regulatory and reference information on the composition of the GP with the possibility of specifying the period of relevance of the specification and with the possibility of being in production of GP with several different specifications;

Maintenance of regulatory and reference information on the manufacturing technology of products that are part of the GP with the possibility of specifying the period of technology relevance and with the possibility of being in the production of GP with several different technologies;

2. Sales management:

Viewing the history of customer relationships;

Registration/adjustment of the client's application indicating the list of GP, volumes, date of shipment, sale price and any additional conditions;

Viewing the current economic indicators (calculation) of the ordered GP;

3. Production planning:

Formation of an equipment availability schedule indicating the number of available standard hours for each day of the planning period;

Formation of a production plan indicating the manufactured product, its quantity, equipment used, division for each day of the planning period;

Formation of a plan for the needs of production in materials and components;

Control and management of equipment loading according to the generated production plan;

Making adjustments to the production plan during its execution;

Plan-fact analysis of the production plan;

4. Production management:

Formation of shift tasks (work orders) for the manufacture of products;

Assignment/reassignment of contractors to outfits and fixing the execution of outfits with an indication of the number of manufactured products, the number of defective products and the reasons for the marriage;

Management of storage and movement of inventory items (inventory and materials) in production;

5. Supply management:

Based on the plan for the need for materials and components, the formation of an application for the purchase indicating the supplier, the range of goods and materials, the quantity and delivery time;

Formation of purchase orders based on single orders for goods and materials from departments;

Monitoring and tracking the process of fulfilling purchase orders;

Operational control of residues;

Plan-fact analysis of deliveries;

6. Cost management:

Formation of the planned (normative) cost of GP;

Fixing actual production costs;

Calculation of the actual cost of GP;

Plan-fact analysis of costs.

Requirements for calculating the standard cost of an order

The standard cost of the product and the entire order is calculated using the following method:

1. The direct material component of the standard cost of a product is formed on the basis of information about the standard composition of this product (specification) and the established accounting prices for the goods and materials included in this specification. For the specification, it is allowed to use several items of material costs.

2. The amount of direct wages is calculated on the basis of the standard operational composition of the product. The following are set: the standard duration of each operation, the profession of the worker required for this operation, as well as the category of the worker. Also, monetary rates of standard hours are entered into the system according to the professions of workers and their categories.

3. The normative value of indirect costs is calculated as a percentage of the given base (the value of direct costs for the specified item).

To carry out this calculation, the following data must be available in the Information System:

1. Specification for the manufacture of the product (as well as specifications for the manufacture of all semi-finished products of its own production included in this product);

2. Manufacturing technology of the product and semi-finished products included in it: what operations should be performed and in what time. In addition, for each operation, the profession and rank of the worker necessary for its implementation (for the release of this particular product) are specified;

3. Protocol of accounting prices for used goods and materials;

4. Monetary rates of standard hours for professions and categories.

Requirements for calculating the actual cost of an order

The actual cost of the product and the entire order is calculated using the following method:

1. Direct material costs for the release of the product are calculated on the basis of actual data on the consumption of materials by the workshop for production stages. In this case, the cost of all semi-finished products included in this product is first calculated. The sum assessment is carried out in accordance with the methodology adopted in the accounting policy of the enterprise.

2. The wages of direct production workers are calculated based on the data on the closure of shop orders. In the event that records of orders in the IS are not kept, wages are related to direct costs subject to distribution, i.e. is distributed among manufactured products according to a certain base.

3. Depreciation of direct production equipment is included in direct costs if for each stage the equipment (machine) used in this stage is indicated.

4. Direct costs to be distributed:

Basic materials that are consumed less frequently than for each processing stage (for example, chemicals, the rate of which per unit of production is so small that it makes no sense to take into account their cross-cutting consumption even at this rate);

The wages of workers in the absence of information on its distribution by division;

Depreciation of direct equipment in the event that only its total monthly amount is available without breakdown by processing units.

Such costs are allocated to manufactured products according to the selected distribution base (for example, in proportion to direct material costs).

1. General production costs (account BU 25): are distributed to manufactured products in proportion to the selected distribution base. The share of such expenses may or may not remain as part of work in progress in accordance with the Accounting Policy adopted by the enterprise.

2. General business expenses and sales expenses (accounts 26 and 44) ​​are recognized as expenses of the current period and are related to sales expenses. The distribution of such costs to the cost of finished products can be seen using a special report.

Information system performance requirements

<Раздел должен содержать требования к производительности Информационной системы. Вводится в шаблон>.

Reliability Requirements

<Раздел должен содержать требования к надежности Информационной системы. Например:>

Requirements for ensuring reliable (sustainable) functioning of the Information system

Reliable (sustainable) functioning of the Information System must be ensured by the Customer's implementation of a set of organizational and technical measures, the list of which is given below:

1. Organization of uninterruptible power supply of technical facilities;

2. Use of licensed software;

3. Regular implementation of the recommendations of the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Russian Federation, set out in the Decree of July 23, 1998 "On the approval of intersectoral standard time standards for maintenance of PCs and office equipment and maintenance of software";

4. Regular fulfillment of the requirements of GOST 51188-98. "Data protection. Testing software for availability computer viruses»;

5. Regular backup of databases of the Information System by means of the Information System itself or by means of the used database management system.

Based on the purpose of the information system being developed, we will further design the modular structure of the application. To determine the modular structure, we will use the UML 2.0 notation component diagram (Fig. 3.4).

Rice. 3.4

The information system consists of three components:

• 1. Interface. Implementation of user interaction with the information system. Contains the following modules:
  • · Input/output - organization of input and output of information when working with IP;
  • · Reporting - organization of reporting in accordance with the established forms of documentation for various areas of activity of the recruitment agency;
  • Search - organizing the search for candidates and vacancies according to the specified parameters;
• 2. Data processing. Implementation of information processing functions: search for data in the database, mathematical model for the task of primary analysis of documents, etc.;
• 3. DB. Implementation of a data warehouse that contains information about customers.

Development of the database structure

As mentioned earlier, in the information system, all information is stored in a single database. The IDEF1x methodology was applied to model the logical structure of the database. According to this methodology, the process of building an information model consists of the following steps:

• definition of entities; determination of dependencies between entities;
• setting primary and alternative keys;
• definition of entity attributes;
• bringing the model to the required level of normal form;
• · transition to the physical description of the model: assignment of correspondences entity name - table name, entity attribute - table attribute;
• setting triggers, procedures and restrictions;
• database generation.

The entity-relationship diagram, which describes the database in terms of IDEF1.x, is built from three main blocks - entities, attributes, and relationships. If we consider the diagram as graphic representation domain rules, then entities and attributes are nouns, and relationships are verbs.

Since the future IS will search for this database, the following were chosen as the main attributes for the document:

• - document's name;
• - the date of receipt of the document in the archive (law firms that provide archival services monitor the retention of documents. Each document has its own storage period. Many securities lose their relevance over time, and their value is reduced to zero. Such documents are supposed to be destroyed. The timely selection of such papers and the destruction of documents is included in the package of archival services provided by law firms.When each document is accepted for storage, after a special examination, the storage period is determined.After this period, the document is submitted for destruction);
• - ownership (type) of the document (since all documents were divided into 7 types, for which ranking was made by importance);
• -column number;
• - shelf number;
• - sled number (these 3 parameters are necessary to determine the location of the document in the archive);
• - the presence of the document in its cell (you need to know whether the document is in the archive, or it was issued to the applicant).

The result of a query to select all documents belonging to one client should look like this, see Figure 3.5. In the presented example, the number of documents was intentionally limited to 20.

Now let's consider in more detail the logical data model of the information system being developed, shown in Figure 3.6.

Rice. 3.5

Rice. 3.6

From the presented data model, it can be seen that it contains three entities, each with its own set of attributes, two of which are dependent, and one is not.

The “Employee” entity, which is an independent entity, has the following attributes:

• The employee identification number is primary key this entity;
• Name of the employee;
• Area of ​​specialization;
• · Rating;
• · Additional Information.

The “Client” entity is a dependent entity on the “Employee” entity, which means that each employee can serve many clients. The client entity has the following attributes:

• · Series and passport number - is the primary key of this entity;
• · Employee identification number - is a secondary key of this entity;
• Name of the employee;
• Area of ​​specialization;
• · Rating;
• · Additional Information.

The “Document” entity is a dependent entity from the “Client” entity, which means that each client can store many different documents in the archive. The document entity has the following attributes:

• · Document ID - is the primary key of this entity;
• · Series and passport number - is a secondary key of this entity;
• · Document's name;
• · Receipt date;
• · Belonging to a group;
• Column number;
• · Shelf number;
• · Slider number;
• The presence of a document in a cell.

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Department of Automation and Information Systems

EXPLANATORY NOTE

to the course project

Topic: Designing an IS module enterprise management

Discipline: "IP Design"

Introduction

1 Information support of a set of tasks

1.1.1 Infological or information model (data schema) and its description

1.2.1. Formalization of calculations (calculation algorithms and problem solving)

2 Technological support

2.1 Scheme of the technological process of collecting, transmitting, processing and issuing information

3 Software for a set of tasks

3.1 General

Conclusion

List of used literature

INTRODUCTION

Currently, there is a widespread creation and implementation of automated information systems (AIS) at enterprises of various types. AIS have proven their effectiveness in processing information of various types and structures. Such systems perform the most routine processes in the shortest possible time.

Over the past twenty years, the volume and circulation of information has significantly increased in all spheres of human life: economic, financial, political, spiritual. And the process of accumulation, processing and use of knowledge is constantly accelerating. Scientists say that every ten years the amount of information doubles. As a result, there is a need to use automatic means that allow you to efficiently store, process and distribute the accumulated data. Despite the computerization of a large number of commercial enterprises, employees of these institutions have to perform a large amount of routine work on accounting for goods and customers and the exchange of information between departments. The need to introduce an information system (IS), which automates the main functions of the educational process, is currently beyond doubt.

There are three ways to create an IS:

1 Building an IS based on ERP systems.

2 Development of own IS.

Each of these areas has both strengths and weaknesses. The disadvantage of the first approach, in addition to the extremely high cost of a license for an ERP system, is the significant laboriousness of setting up and adapting the system, which inevitably entails the need for consulting support, maintenance and implementation of IS, which further increases its cost.

The IS module "Enterprise Management" is designed to automate the work of employees of trade enterprises. The system has a database containing information about suppliers, employees and customers.

automated system out-of-machine in-machine

1 INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE COMPLEX OF TASKS

1.1 Off-machine information provision

To create a practical user application on a computer and work with it in a certain subject area, the data of the extramachine sphere must be transferred to a machine medium, where they form an intramachine information base.

Off-machine information support (Figure 1) includes an off-machine information base (IB) and its maintenance tools.

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Figure 1 Off-machine information provision

IS combines the actual information of the non-machine sphere of the subject area, and the means of organizing and maintaining it are designed to ensure work with it. The off-machine information base is formed by the data contained in the documents.

The off-machine information base includes normative reference, planned (that is, conditionally permanent) information and operational (accounting) information of a certain subject area. An approximate typical composition of information of one and another type is shown in Figure 2.

Decisions on the information base involve determining the composition of the information necessary to solve user problems. In addition, the logical structure of information should be identified, which allows you to proceed to the stage of formalization and data modeling necessary for automated processing. The structuring of information in the non-machine sphere is reflected in its presentation by separate structural units, their grouping in documents, and ordering according to classification criteria.

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Figure 2 Composition of the off-machine infobase

1.1.1 Infological or information model (data schema) and its description.

Database design consists of building a set of interrelated data models. The most important stage in database design is the development of an infological (information-logical) model of the subject area that is not DBMS-oriented. In the infological model, by means of data structures, the composition and structure of data, as well as information needs, are reflected in an integrated form.

The information-logical model of the subject area reflects the subject area in the form of a set of information objects and their structural relationships.

The infological domain model is built first. A preliminary infological model is built at the pre-project stage and then refined at later stages of database design. Then, on its basis, conceptual (logical), internal (physical) and external models are built.

The purpose of infological modeling is to provide the most natural ways for a person to collect and present the information that is supposed to be stored in created base data.

The design of infological modeling consists in obtaining semantic models that reflect the information content of a particular subject area. At this stage, abstraction, study, perception, description and limitation of the subject area is performed. Further, the knowledge gained is presented in the form of mathematical formulas, diagrams, relationships, etc.

The goal of normalization is to eliminate logical errors. The importance of normalization lies in the fact that it allows you to break up large relationships, as a rule, containing a lot of information redundancy. Into smaller logical units that group only data that is combined only "by nature". Thus, each table in a relational database satisfies the condition that the position at the intersection of each row and column of the table always contains a single value, and there can never be multiple such values.

In this course project, input documents are used: databases for personnel, goods and customers.

As a result of studying the input documents, an infological data model (IDM) was created, a graphical representation of the ILM in a canonical form, clearly showing the hierarchical relationship of subordination of information objects (Figure 3).

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Figure 3 Infological model of the IS "Enterprise Management" module

1.1.2 Characteristics of the input information

The input information is understood as all the information necessary to solve the problem and located on various media: primary documents, machine media, in the memory of a personal computer.

From the rational organization of the input information of a manufacturing enterprise, the methods of collecting, registering, transmitting, storing and processing information, its composition and timely receipt depend on the efficiency and effectiveness of managing production processes.

The input information for the automated system developed in the course project is:

Information about the type of material;

Material color information;

Information about the texture of the material;

Information about the manufacturer;

Information about employees of the enterprise;

Information about positions;

Information about the amount of material;

Information about the price of the material;

Information about the width of the canvas;

The database consists of 7 tables and 5 directories. The table "Materials" (Figure 4) is used to store material data. Information in this table is entered when the material arrives at the warehouse.

Figure 4 Table "Materials"

The "Customers" table (Figure 5) is used to store information about customers.

Figure 5 "Customers" table

The "Employees" table (Figure 6) is used to store information about the employees of this enterprise. Information in the table "Employees" is entered by the employment of a new employee.

Figure 6 Employees table

The "Orders" table (Figure 7) is used to store information about orders for the installation of stretch ceilings.

Figure 7 Orders table

Table "Manufacturer" (Figure 8) is used to store information about suppliers of materials.

Figure 8 "Manufacturer" table

The "Incoming" table (Figure 9) and the "Consumption" table (Figure 10) are used to store information about the receipt and consumption of material.

Figure 9 "Arrival"

Figure 10 "Consumption"

Reference books "Type of material" (Figure 11), "Color" (Figure 12), "Texture" (Figure 13), "Position" (Figure 14), "Status" (Figure 15) are used to clarify the data in the tables presented in the form of codes.

Figure 11 Directory "Type of material"

Figure 12 "Color" reference book

Figure 13 Directory "Invoice"

Figure 14 Directory "Position"

Figure 15 Directory "Status"

1.1.3 Characteristics of the result information

The output information during the operation of the information system will be the data displayed on the site page. The designed software product will provide the ability to add, delete, sort, search for information. The user can calculate the cost of installing a stretch ceiling, as well as calculate the remaining material, indicating the date of receipt of the material. Data on material consumption for the past period will be displayed in the form of a chart.

1.2 Intramachine implementation of a set of tasks

The information that the information system will operate on is organized in the form of a database created using MySQL tools (Figure 16).

Figure 16 Database schema created using MySQL

1.2.1 Formalization of calculations (calculation algorithms and problem solving)

To obtain output documentation, the input data is converted according to a certain algorithm.

When calculating the cost of installing a stretch ceiling, you must fill out the "Cost" form, which contains 3 fields and data entry: ceiling width, ceiling length, material texture. After filling in these fields, the program requests from the database MySQL data, data on the cost of the material with this invoice. The cost is calculated by multiplying the area of ​​​​the ceiling covering by the cost of the material per 1 m 2.

In the "Expenses" form, when you click on the "Remains" button, the program module calculates the amount of material remaining in the warehouse. When filling in two fields in the "Remains" form: the date of receipt of the material, the date of consumption of the material, data is taken from the MySQL database with a query about the amount of receipt of material in a given month and the amount of consumption in this month. The rest of the material is calculated by the difference between the receipt and consumption of material for a specific period of time.

1.2.2 Block diagram of the use of the software package (dialog tree)

System menu - is the main form of dialogue in applied data processing systems, containing commands designed to perform specific tasks.

The developed application has an intuitive menu. To work with database tables, the IS "Enterprise Management" module consists of:

viewing and editing forms;

forms for calculating the cost of the ceiling;

forms of presentation of graphic information.

2 TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT

Technological support (TO) includes a description of the organization of the technology for collecting, transmitting, processing and issuing information, TO reflects the sequence of operations, starting from the method of collecting primary information, including two types of documents (documents, data from which are used to correct reference information and documents, representing operational information used for calculations) and ending with the formation of result information. It also provides a diagram of the technological process of collecting, transmitting, processing and issuing information and instructional maps of the main operations of the technological process, reflecting the step-by-step description of the technology.

3 SOFTWARE OF THE COMPLEX OF TASKS

The software of the complex of tasks was executed in the PHP programming environment. The choice of environment is due to the wide possibilities of this programming language for creating applications designed to work with electronic archives (databases).

Due to its compact size and a narrow range of tasks to be solved, the project at this design stage is devoid of an installation package, and therefore, the distribution of the software product is carried out by direct copying.

3.1 General

The IS module "Enterprise Management" is made using the technology based its services on Windows-systems, with access to MySQL.

MySQL is currently one of the most popular DBMS. Some of the reasons for this popularity include:

A high degree of versatility and reasonableness of the interface, which is designed to work with users of various qualifications. In particular, a system for managing database objects has been implemented, which makes it possible to flexibly and quickly switch from the design mode to the mode of their direct operation;

Deeply developed possibilities of integration with other software products;

It should be noted that, a significant reason for such a wide distribution of MySQL is the availability of this software product.

3.2 Description of software modules

The information system includes modules that perform all the necessary operations on data. These modules contain forms for adding, deleting, sorting and searching for information. In addition, the "Orders" module calculates the price for installing a stretch ceiling, entering only its dimensions, and in the "Expenses" module, you can see a chart of material costs depending on the month.

When you open the "Products" page, we get to the form, where there are 6 main modules of the program: "Orders", "Materials", "Expense", "Incoming", "Customers", "Employees".

When you press the buttons "Orders", "Materials", "Expense", "Incoming", "Customers", "Employees", we get to the appropriate form in which you can add, delete, sort, search for information in the database. When you click on one of these buttons, we automatically get to the form with lines for filling in information for deleting, sorting, adding, or searching, after filling, which displays the summary information.

In the "Orders" form there is a "Cost" button, when clicked, you go to the form in which you need to fill in the field for the length, width of the room and the texture of the material, the result will display the cost of installing a stretch ceiling.

In the "Expense" form, when you click on the "Expense Schedule" button, a chart image is displayed with graphical information about the expenses of a relative time period.

CONCLUSION

The result of writing a course project is the creation of an application for employees of trade enterprises. The developed program can significantly increase labor productivity and automate their work.

The use of PHP, HTML and MySQL tools for creating applications running on the Windows operating system, and in particular database applications, made it possible to create a software product that is maximally oriented to the end user.

All the necessary work on the implementation of methods for accessing information stored in the database, modifying it, maintaining the database in its entirety is open to the user in order to successfully solve the whole range of emerging problems related to the use of information stored in the database. Moreover, the software interface makes it as easy as possible to work with the database.

All functions performed by the information system have been carefully checked and tested during the development process.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Welling L. Development of Web applications using PHP and MySQL. Williams Publishing House, 2003. - 288 p.: ill.

2. References for PHP and MySQL. http://www.php.su/books/.

3. Help files for phpMySQL_Admin

4. http://www.php.ru

5. http://www.mysql.ru

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Introduction

1. Analytical part

1.1 Organizational structure of the company

2 Analysis of the software and hardware of the customer service department and the work department

Design part

2.1 Description of the subject area

2 Feasibility study of development and implementation methods

3 Database design

4 Conceptual data model in the Chen standard

5 ER diagram in ERwin environment

6 Model analysis

7 Physical design stage

8 Implementation of basic queries

Conclusion

List of information sources

Introduction

Numerous firms and enterprises need the services of cleaning companies.

A cleaning company is a company that provides comprehensive cleaning services. A set of activities designed to clean and maintain cleanliness in residential, commercial and industrial premises, including cleaning facades, washing shop windows and other exterior surfaces of buildings, is a very complex process consisting of many different stages involving a large number of participants. The effectiveness of the organization of cleaning needs clear coordination of actions in relation to all its employees.

The advantage of specialized companies is determined by the following factors:

high quality of services;

the cost of services is not higher than the cost of maintaining your own cleaning service;

· expenses for the services of cleaning companies are deductible from taxable income;

· specialists of cleaning companies perform exclusive and complex specialized works (for example, crystallization of marble coatings);

Efficiency - cleaning is done at a time when it is convenient for the Customer.

Today, cleaning is one of the most dynamically developing and stable business sectors in Russia. More and more companies are interested in purchasing high-quality and reliable cleaning services, which places great demands on competent and balanced work with clients.

All the advantages listed above require the use of modern information technologies in the work of cleaning companies, such as specialized information systems, such as CRM systems.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM, CRM-system, short for Customer Relationship Management) is an application software for organizations designed to automate strategies for interacting with customers (clients), in particular, to increase sales, optimize marketing and improve customer service by storing information about customers and the history of relationships with them, establishing and improving business processes and subsequent analysis of the results. CRM system is applicable in any business where the client is personalized, where competition is high and success depends on providing the most favorable conditions for the client. - an interaction model that believes that the center of the entire business philosophy is the client, and the main activities are measures to support effective marketing, sales and customer service. Support for these business goals includes the collection, storage and analysis of information about consumers, suppliers, partners, as well as about the company's internal processes. Functions to support these business goals include sales, marketing, consumer support.

The "heart" of any CRM-system is a database of both individuals and legal entities that interact with your company within the framework of the enterprise. These are not only customers, but also company branches, partners, suppliers, competitors. The customer database is a valuable asset in itself, and competent management data in the CRM system allows you to use information in your work with maximum efficiency. The customer base is consolidated, the organization receives complete information about its customers and their preferences, and, based on this information, builds an interaction strategy.

A single customer database and a complete history of relationships with them, together with powerful CRM analytical tools, allows you to retain and develop existing customers, identifying the most valuable ones, as well as attract new customers.

The main function of a CRM system is to help managers plan sales, organize transparent transaction management and optimize sales channels. The system stores a complete history of communication with customers, which helps sales departments to analyze customer behavior, create suitable offers for them, and win loyalty. Other features of CRM systems are presented below:

Planning and coordinating contacts with clients;

collection and typing of all possible information about customers;

control over long-term or complex transactions;

analysis of each stage of project implementation or deal making;

· Formalization of all processes focused on interaction with buyers.

This type of software product is most suitable for those organizations that are running long-term and multi-stage projects that involve a large number of employees or several departments. Since the number of contracts concluded per unit of time is small, each transaction takes many days and even months. This means that each project requires an exceptionally individual approach. In such conditions, it is necessary to take care of customer loyalty. To do this, it is necessary not only to ensure an individual approach, but also strict adherence to the designated deadlines, the terms of the contract, as well as the coordinated work and punctuality of all involved employees.

1. Analytical part

The MAKS group of companies was founded in 2000. The main activity is a diversified complex services sector. Since the formation of the MAKS Group of Companies, a number of types of services offered have been constantly expanding. To date, MAKS Group offers the following types of services (Fig. 1):

· protection of objects, groups of fast reaction, console protection, private detective services;

Ensuring the most efficient and uninterrupted operation of serviced real estate objects;

Preliminary analysis of existing security systems;

Comprehensive cleaning.

Rice. 1. Service sectors of MAKS Group

"MAKS PROTECTION" developed along with the sphere of non-state security. Object security, rapid response teams, console security, private detective services, all this is included in the standard package of services. The department employs IT infrastructure specialists who are engaged in emergency assistance to foreign citizens and know all the nuances of escorting goods and valuables.

Practice shows that security is not just uniformed guards, but a whole range of measures aimed at preventing and preventing potential threats. These measures are part of the "MAX PROTECTION" integrated security system, developed by experts with many years of experience.

For customers, an integrated approach to security means that communication with all security services goes through a single contractor. The company relieves customers of the need to coordinate the work of several unrelated organizations. The presence of a single operational center allows you to instantly and effectively respond to any emergency situations.

"MAX PROTECTION" is constantly improving and developing new concepts for security. Advanced foreign technologies are being introduced into our work and we develop our own solutions for specific tasks. However, even the most advanced automated security systems cannot completely replace a person. Therefore, special attention is paid to improving the professionalism of MAX PROTECTION employees. Specialists regularly attend advanced training courses, and their level of training is tested during internal audits. Strict selection of personnel allows minimizing the influence of the human factor in the services of "MAKS PROTECTION".

The management team of "MAKS PROTECTION" is aimed at an individual approach to clients. Specialists conduct a multi-level analysis and, based on its results, offer the most effective solutions to ensure the security of the client. At the same time, the field of activity of "MAKS PROTECTION" is not limited to private clients. Employees are familiar with the protection of state facilities and have proven themselves in this area.

The division's approach to end-to-end security services is unparalleled and ensures maximum efficiency in any situation.

The "MAX OPERATION" division has been operating on the market for more than ten years. The main task is to ensure the most efficient and uninterrupted operation of serviced real estate objects. At the same time, the statute of limitations for putting an object into operation and the value of the level of complexity of the equipment do not play a role.

The comprehensive service offered by "MAX OPERATION" includes technical support for equipment and engineering systems, as well as security proposals. This list includes maintenance and other scheduled and unscheduled work; design and installation of fire alarms and video surveillance systems, as well as a range of repair and construction services. MAX OPERATION clients receive a full package of services from one contractor, which can significantly reduce costs and facilitate interaction between services.

The specialists of this division are always ready to offer several options for working with the object, depending on its specifics and the wishes of the client. An individual approach allows the customer to count on full mutual understanding with the contractor and, as a result, obtaining the highest quality result.

In the modern world, the equipment and equipment of modern buildings is becoming more diverse and complex. The main goal of this division is to provide comprehensive services for the operation of buildings. All employees understand the latest achievements of science and technology and use them in accordance with the recommendations and standards of manufacturers. This is the only way to ensure that the operability and security of an object of any complexity is maintained at the proper level.

The MAX CONSULTING subdivision has been engaged in consulting and auditing in the field of security for over 10 years. The main task of the division is a comprehensive analysis of the situation, as well as a miscalculation of development prospects, taking into account the existing problems of the company, as well as the individual characteristics of the business.

Employees of "MAX CONSULTING" carry out a preliminary analysis of existing security systems. Naturally, such work is carried out in close cooperation with the customer's employees, who will bring you up to date and help take into account all the features.

The audit of the company's activities is carried out by highly qualified specialists who will not only be able to identify critical points in an already used system, but also offer ways to eliminate them. All consultants have served in law enforcement agencies in their time and have significant experience in Russia and abroad.

Also, MAX CONSULTING specialists provide assistance in eliminating crisis situations, increase the efficiency of business processes and effectively manage information systems and IT risks of the company.

The department's consultants set themselves the task of building mutually beneficial relationships in order to continue cooperation with the client on a long-term basis. "MAX CONSULTING" offers its clients audit services, legal services in the field of criminal, labor, tax, and other types of law.

The scope of services provided by the company "MAX CLEANING" is the cleaning of premises. In Russia, the first cleaning companies appeared in 1992-1994. along with the emergence of the first joint ventures, which at that time were the only consumers of their services. During 2012, the increase in the volume of the cleaning services market in Russia in monetary terms amounted to about 9 billion rubles - in 2011 its volume was 45 billion rubles, and by the end of 2012, the cleaning market was already estimated by them at 54 billion rubles. During the past year, 2014, the volume of the Russian market of cleaning services grew, according to analysts, by about 10-11 billion rubles, and amount to about 65 billion rubles at the end of last year.

Among the largest regions for the provision of cleaning services are Moscow, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Tyumen region, Republic of Bashkortostan, St. Petersburg, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Moscow accounts for 100-150 million dollars of the domestic cleaning market.

According to experts, there are more than 300 cleaning companies operating in the capital's market. According to the size of the business, they can be conditionally divided into 4 large categories.

· the largest operators (the number of employees is more than 500 people) ~ 67%;

· large operators (staff up to 500 people) ~ 15%;

· average operators (staff up to 200 people) ~ 7%;

· small operators (staff up to 50 people) ~ 11%.

The range of standard services provided by almost all market players includes daily complex cleaning, as well as washing of vertical surfaces. Further, about 93% of all cleaning companies offer services for grinding and polishing granite, marble, porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles, as well as cleaning the surrounding areas and specialized cleaning services after construction work and fires. About 87% of the companies participating in the study provide additional services and personnel, for example, packers, loaders and others, and 80% of cleaning services market players also provide their customers with services for landscaping adjacent and internal territories, garbage and snow removal. The main clients of cleaning companies are supermarkets and shopping centers, manufacturing enterprises, transport and storage companies, medical and sports facilities, office and business centers, large international and Russian companies, banks, government agencies, hotel complexes, entertainment facilities (cinemas, clubs , casino), railway stations and airports.

Rice. 2. Segmentation of consumers of cleaning services

The most lagging market segment, as many studies show, is cleaning in healthcare facilities. This state of affairs is explained by established habits, more stringent standards that exist in such organizations and the specific requirements adopted by them for the cleaning performed by the personnel of the cleaning company.

The criteria for choosing a cleaning company are: authority in the market, the cost and range of services provided, the level of equipment, technologies and chemicals used in the work, the qualifications of the staff, the system for monitoring cleaning performance.

House cleaning is a production necessity in today's business world. Daily cleaning on a contract basis is a fairly developed area of ​​this company. The ability to order both one-time cleaning and draw up a contract for cleaning the premises at regular intervals, with a convenient work schedule for the client, is a very common activity today that requires a large amount of data and is the best suited for an information system design example. Employees of the company pay great attention to the control and quality of cleaning performed. Openness is also an important part of the company's work. The client has the right to know what, how and with the help of what this MAX CLEANING company does. All chemicals have hygienic certificates, partners and customers can visit the production base and get acquainted with the technological capabilities and organization of work at the enterprise.

Cleaning is a modern and widely demanded service provided by various cleaning companies. Such cleaning is carried out by specially trained workers and is assessed according to high European standards.

Cleaning appeared in Russia in the early 1990s and, first of all, began to be in demand among large Western companies that were accustomed to professional cleaning in their homeland. The service combines a full range of activities designed to clean and maintain cleanliness in residential, commercial and industrial premises, including cleaning facades, washing shop windows and other exterior surfaces of buildings. The list of services usually also includes garbage collection and snow removal from roofs and adjacent areas.

Currently, all services are carried out by qualified personnel using modern cleaning technologies, using the latest products, specially selected for each surface separately, taking into account its physical, chemical and technical characteristics. The Russian cleaning market has expanded significantly and has great prospects for further development. In a couple of decades, people will forget what self-cleaning is and will turn to a company that provides these services. Indeed, not only the appearance itself, but also the health of the owner depends on the cleanliness of the premises.

The heads of many large and small companies have already managed to make sure that the cleaning offered by specialized companies is much superior in quality to cleaning in the usual sense. Professional cleaning involves bringing the premises to an impeccable condition, such cleaning ultimately saves time, increases the service life of finishing materials and enhances the prestige of the company.

Employees and managers of the company work as a single mechanism, highly appreciate not only the high quality of the services offered, but also analyze the ordered services, predict the situation on the service market, and, as a result, offer a constructive solution to emergency situations and the most effective solutions to customer needs.

In 2003, in order to improve the quality of customer service, it was decided to open a new division that will provide additional professional cleaning services. MAX CLEANING made its first steps in Moscow. The experience gained in the capital was used to enter the regions. And although at first there were enough problems, the company managed to cope with all the difficulties. In 2005, the company signed a contract with the METRO supermarket chain, becoming one of the first companies to provide cleaning services to supermarkets and hypermarkets. The staff of the company by 2010 consisted of more than 400 people. The staff works at sites throughout Moscow. Already by 2012 "MAX CLEANING" goes to the regions of Russia. The first branches are opened in Krasnoyarsk and Kazan. The quality of professional office cleaning and shopping centers exceeds the expectations of regional customers. The company approached its 10th anniversary with a staff of 700 people. All further experience gave unique knowledge in the field of cleaning.

The reputation of the MAX CLEANING company, which has been established in recent years, is of great importance. It requires taking into account the attitude of each of the employees to their work.

Interaction and communication with customers are essential components of success. It is very important to keep records of contracts with customers, all customer orders that reflect their needs.

Flexible pricing policy, professional level of staff training, use of a variety of equipment and chemicals, allows us to take a leading position in this service sector.

The cleaning company provides its services throughout the Russian Federation. The main part of the service area is the central part of the Russian Federation. The company works with many large legal entities, shown below in the figure:

Rice. 3. Client companies "MAX-CLEANING"

.1 Organizational structure of the company

The MAX CLEANING company consists of different divisions that perform different functions and tasks, the organizational structure of the MAX CLEANING company is shown in Figure 4.

Rice. 4. Structure of the organization

The General Director and his Deputy manage the MAX-CLEANING company, which consists of many departments, including:

· Department of work with clients;

· Department of works.

Customer Service

The scope of work with clients of the company "MAKS-CLEANING" is extensive: its main task is long-term cooperation and service of legal entities, analysis of their needs, level and direction. Negotiating with client companies, getting acquainted with the terms of sale of services provided by "MAX-CLEANING", control over the performance of work - all this is an integral part of the work of this department.

The client company can apply to "MAX-CLEANING" and use the services of complex cleaning of the premises. The manager of the company will help to conclude a contract for long-term cooperation or place a one-time order. He is also obliged to find out all the necessary information from the client, namely:

Information about the company of which he is a representative;

Data on property (premises) in need of complex cleaning;

The client's desire to choose a cleaning class;

Terms of service;

Special comments on working with the premises (All information received is processed by the manager and is strictly confidential).

In case of successful conclusion of an agreement or order, the performance of the service will be transferred to the works department, the function of which is the timely and high-quality provision (performance) of cleaning services.

Works department

This department consists of a senior foreman and cleaners, forming separate teams. After the transfer of the contract (order) by the manager of the company to the senior foreman, the stage of distribution of work on cleaning the premises between the cleaners-foremen follows.

Cleaning of the client's premises is carried out within the established time limits specified in the previously executed contract (order). A report on the performance of the service is provided to the senior foreman, who evaluates the work of each cleaner who is part of the team that performed this cleaning. In addition, the senior foreman undertakes to notify the account manager of the status of this order.

After that, the quality of work is checked by the client himself. In case of an unsatisfactory assessment, the manager informs the management of the company for appropriate decisions to be made.

In the course of the analysis of the activities of the departments of the MAX-CLEANING company described above, a business process diagram was built, shown below in Figure 5.

Rice. 5. Business process "MAX-CLEANING"

Both departments require prompt customer service and transactions through workflow automation, as well as rapid reporting and analytical information to provide timely and quality services.

1.2 Analysis of the software and hardware of the customer service department and the work department

Each account manager has a personal computer, telephone and various peripheral devices to work with the necessary information. The company has the Internet, access to which is available to all employees of MAX-CLEANING. All PCs have Windows 7 operating system installed, required package Microsoft Office, which includes Access, as well as drivers for working with numerous HP DesktJet peripherals. The software and hardware of the customer service department and the work department are shown in Figure 6.

Rice. 6. Software company "MAX-CLEANING"

The company uses a network based on the "client-server" concept. For modern DBMS, the client-server architecture has become the de facto standard.

The basic principle of the "client-server" technology is to divide the functions of a standard interactive application into four groups:

functions of data input and display;

Application functions specific to the subject area;

· fundamental functions of storage and management of resources (databases);

service functions.

The advantages of this system:

· No duplication of server program code by client programs.

· Since all calculations are performed on the server, the requirements for the computers on which the client is installed are reduced.

· All data is stored on the server, which, as a rule, is much better protected than most clients. On the server, it is easier to organize permission control to allow access to data only to clients with the appropriate access rights.

The client provides information to the company's manager, who fixes it on his PC using Microsoft Word 2010, prints out the contract (order) and keeps the document in paper form. Thus, there is a risk of losing all the necessary information, creating the problem of further search for information about the client, his premises and contacts. In addition, the manager does not have the ability to automatically calculate not only the cost of cleaning, depending on its class, the size of the premises and the period of maintenance of the contract, but also the number of teams required for timely and high-quality cleaning of the premises.

The basic idea is to divide a network application into several components, each of which implements a specific set of services. The components of such an application can run on different computers, performing server and/or client functions. This improves the reliability, security, and performance of network applications and the network as a whole. The module of the information system developed by me for the MAX-CLEANING company will help to increase the profitability of the enterprise by in-depth analysis of information about its customers, sales systems, will allow the company's management to track key indicators of the quality of work performed under the contract, which is necessary for making strategically important business decisions and effective appraisal of the work of each employee.

The purpose of my final classification work is to develop an information system module for accounting for complex cleaning of various premises.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to perform the following tasks:

Analyze the activities of the company "MAKS" for cleaning;

Create a list of requirements for database development;

Develop a database using the ER diagram method and the Erwin CASE tool;

Implement queries to manipulate data in the database.

The information system module being developed must meet the following requirements:

· Create and store data on contracts with automatic calculation of the cost of service for the period of the contract;

· Create and store data on orders with automatic calculation of the cost of cleaning, depending on the size of the room and cleaning class;

· Record data on each cleaning;

Keep information about the quality of cleaning of each employee of the brigade;

Calculate the assessment of the team's performance for the company manager;

· Automatic calculation of the number of crews required for cleaning the premises.

I assume that the introduction of such a system will increase the speed of processing all the necessary documents for the services of a cleaning company, as well as reduce the number of errors when working with clients.

To solve the tasks in the final classification work, the following are used:

· database design method - ER modeling. It is a graphical description of the subject area in terms of "object - property - relationship". The use of ER modeling provides many advantages: it makes the analysis of the subject area more focused and specific; allows you to design AIS without reference to a specific target DBMS and select the latter at any time; when changing the used DBMS, it is not necessary to carry out the design again, you only need to take the step of transferring the ER model to the target one (if the target DBMS you have chosen is supported by this CASE tool, then such a transition will generally be performed automatically);

· CASE - means Erwin. The advantage is the ability to create database structure diagrams that allow you to automatically resolve issues related to maintaining its integrity, as well as the independence of the logical model from the used DBMS, which allows you to apply universal methods for exporting it to specific DBMS.

· MS Access DBMS is selected as the target DBMS. Access is a relational database management system that includes all the necessary tools to create a local database, a shared database on a local network with a file server, or a database on a SQL server, as well as to create user applications that work with these databases. DBMS Access includes a variety and numerous relatively autonomous software tools focused on creating database objects and user applications. Graphical design tools allow the user to create database objects and application objects using numerous graphical elements without programming.

2. Design part

.1 Description of the subject area

The company has its own fleet in Moscow, which includes 5 VOLVO cars, as well as 6 drivers assigned to each car. Teams (3) performing complex cleaning of the premises, in the amount of 3 people each.

Company Services:

· Comprehensive cleaning of premises (commercial, industrial, warehouse and industrial);

The client, which can only be a legal entity, applies to an employee of the MAKS company as an order manager. The company provides its services, both at the request of the client himself, and for a long time (from 7 days and more).

With the order manager, the client discusses the following:

The client provides data on the premises in need of maintenance (type of premises, area, location);

The price, measured in rubles, is determined in the contract (100% prepayment):

Ø At the request of the client (one-time) - depends on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises, the type of cleaning and the number of teams involved.

Ø For a long period - depends on the service period, frequency and area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

・Customer's personal data

・Information about the room

Service life

The number of teams involved

The quality of service will be checked by the client and the company employee who controls the result of the work of the team. In the case of a matching, unsatisfactory assessment of the client and the employee, the working group will be reprimanded up to and including dismissal.

The selection of cars available in the company's fleet will be carried out by a specialist in the selection of vehicles. He will estimate the required number of crews to service the premises and the vehicles needed to transport the work group to their destination. The selection of machines is carried out immediately after the data provided on the premises by the client before the conclusion of the contract.

.2 Feasibility Study of Development and Implementation Methods

To design the service center database, it was decided to use the ER-diagram method. This method design was chosen by me, based on the following factors:

The ER-diagram method was taught to us in the discipline of the Database.

The design method using ER diagrams has a number of advantages, namely, visibility; the ability to design a database with a large number of objects and attributes;

ER-diagrams provide an opportunity to analyze the subject area more specifically;

The requirements for knowledge of the SQL language are reduced.

The ER model is based on three elements:

Essence

Attribute

I chose ERwin Data Modeler as the database computer-aided design system.

Microsoft Access was chosen as the DBMS. This DBMS was chosen by me, based on the following factors:

Microsoft Access was taught to me during my training;

Access allows you to quickly and easily create table queries;

When processing data, Access uses the language SQL queries, which was also taught to me in the discipline of the Database.

.3 Database design

Concept design stage

Description of entities.

Entity selection.

Description of links.

2.4 Conceptual data model in the Chen standard

2.5 ER diagram in ERwin environment

.6 Model analysis

Composite attribute: - no

Multivalued attribute: Phone (company, representative)

Derived attribute:

Order - cost = Type of cleaning (cost) * Room (area)

Agreement - price = Agreement (term of service / frequency) * Premises (area)

Recursive links: - no

1:1 Relationship: Order Requires Cleaning

Redundant connections: yes

The entity Representative of the company appears:

The client consults with the employee

The client evaluates the Cleaning

The client signs the Agreement

The customer places an order

Premises are maintained by employees

Premises are being cleaned

Employees fulfill the Order

Employees supervise cleaning

Contract obliges Cleaning

M:n connection: yes

Employees are cleaning

Rice. 8. Final model in Erwin

7 Physical design stage

Data schema in the environment of the selected DBMS

Rice. 9. Database schema

2.8 Implementation of basic queries

cleaning database manipulation

Rice. 9. Implementation of the main requests

Displaying a list of contracts for company managers

This request will allow you to view the list of contracts issued by him by the personnel number of the manager who enters the user. Such a request will allow you to quickly view information about the work of a particular manager of the company.

Employees.Tab_Number, Employees.Name, Employees.Phone, Employees.Position, Employees.Department_Number, Contract.Agreement_Number FROM Employees INNER JOIN Contract ON Employees.Tab_Number = Contract.Tab_Number WHERE (((Employees.Tab_Number)=[Enter the personnel number of the manager :]));

Viewing the assessment of the work of cleaners-foremen

This request will be sent to view the assessment of the work of cleaners-foremen. According to the assessment given by the client and the manager of the company, comments and measures to prevent further errors in the work of the cleaners can be put forward.

SELECT Employees.Name, Employees.Position, Cleaning.Customer_Rate, Cleaning.Manager_Rating, Employees.Team_Number FROM Cleaning INNER JOIN (Employees INNER JOIN Dc_Employee ON Employees.Tab_Number = Dec_Employee.Tab_Number) ON Cleaning.CleaningNumber = Dec_Employee.Clean_Number WHERE ((( Cleaning.Cleaning_number)=[Enter cleaning number]));

Displaying a list of orders by the type of cleaning entered

This request will allow you to view the details of the order made by the client.

SELECT [Cleaning Type].[Cleaning Class], [Cleaning Type].Cost, Order.Order_No. FROM [Cleaning Type] INNER JOIN Order ON [Cleaning Type].[Cleaning Class] = Order.[Cleaning Class] WHERE (([ Cleaning type].[Cleaning class])=[Enter cleaning class:]);

Search for a company - a client in the database

This request will allow the employee to enter the name of the client's company and display a list of previously executed contracts and orders, if any. Thanks to such a request, it will be possible to avoid re-entering information about the client's company.

SELECT Client.[Company Name], Client.Legal_Address, Client.Company_Phone, [Company Representative].Name, [Company Representative].E-mail FROM Client INNER JOIN [Company Representative] ON Client.TR = [Company Representative].TR WHERE ( ((Customer.[Company name])=[Enter company name:]));

Search for not / completed orders

This query will allow you to display a list of completed and unfulfilled orders according to the status entered by the user.

SELECT Order.Order_Number, Order.Status, Order.In_Date, Order.[Cleaning Class], Order.Due_Date FROM Order WHERE (((Order.Status)=[Enter Order Status:]));

List of premises by type

This query will allow you to display a list of rooms by the entered

room type by the user.

SELECT Rooms.Address, Rooms.Area, Rooms.Type, Rooms.NC FROM Rooms WHERE (((Rooms.Type)=[Enter room type:]));

List of contracts with a service period of more than 30 days

This query will allow you to display a list of contracts, the service period of which exceeds 30 days.

SELECT Contract.Contract_Number, Contract.Order_Date, Contract.Address, Contract.[Service Term (Days)]FROM Contract WHERE (((Contract.[Service Term (Days)])>30));

· Calculate the cost of orders

This request will allow you to display the cost of the order by the number entered by the user. Thanks to this request, it will be possible to avoid errors when calculating the cost of orders.

SELECT Order.Order_No., ([Cleaning Type].[Cost]+[Cleaning Type].[Number of crews per unit area])*[Rooms].[Area] AS Order_Cost, Order.[Cleaning Class], Order.Status FROM Rooms INNER JOIN ([Cleaning Type] INNER JOIN Order ON [Cleaning Type].[Cleaning Class] = Order.[Cleaning Class]) ON Rooms.Address = Order.Address WHERE (((Order.Order_Number)=[Enter order number :]));