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Electronic assistants for the home. Schemes for the home, do-it-yourself electronics in the house

Electronic homemade products, for today, are accessible way manufacturing useful mechanisms that can make life easier and diversify leisure. Modern craftsmen are able to assemble both simple toys and complex, multi-tasking mechanisms with their own hands. About how easy and fast to make electronic toys, interesting and useful electronic homemade products for home and car with your own hands - read below!

Do-it-yourself simple electronics: making a spinner

Electrical engineering, today, is widely used for both practical and recreational purposes. Some inventions (such as, for example, the “ smart House”) will be quite difficult for a beginner to do. They require experience and in-depth knowledge of physics. Other designs are simple and affordable for beginner radio amateurs. So, for example, you can make interesting toys with your own hands - spinners, the sales of which have increased incredibly this year.

To assemble a toy, you will need to stock up:

Wooden blank measuring 9x4x1.2 cm;
Bearing size 2.2x0.8x0.7 cm (with rubber seal);
Two RGB LEDs;
Two batteries and CR2032 holders;
Stainless steel bolt 0.8x2 cm;
Cap nuts M8.

After that, you can get to work. First of all, it will be necessary to find a design scheme on the Internet, and transfer it to a raw bar - a blank. To correctly outline the technological holes (there will be three of them), you will need a ruler.

Then follows:

In the middle of the workpiece, drill a through hole with a diameter of 2.2 cm for the bearing;
Drill two holes on the sides of the workpiece with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a depth of 7.5 mm;
Using a drill, make two holes in the middle of two blind holes with a diameter of 6 mm for the LEDs;
Treat holes with a countersink;
Give the toy a rounded shape with a jigsaw, band saw or jigsaw;
Sand the workpiece with sandpaper, and varnish it;
Solder the LEDs to the battery holders;
Check the LEDs, and install them in the mounting holes, fixing them with super glue;
Clean the bearing and treat its insides with WD 40;
Cut off the head of the bolt, and fix the axle in the bearing on both sides with nuts;
Install the bearing in the mounting hole.

Spinner is ready! The toy will be interesting not only for children. Adults can also use such an electronic device: the device, rotating, will help to relax or be distracted.

Simple schemes of electronic homemade products: we make an electric call

You can easily and quickly make an electric call with your own hands.

Such a call will last a long time, and will please the ear. After all, when pressed, it will be able to create signals of various frequencies and tonality.

So, an electric call can be single-tone and multi-tone.

The ability of a call to reproduce sound in one or more keys will be affected by the presence of a multivibrator with two bipolar transistors in the radio design circuit. Let us consider in detail the scheme of an electronic call with a complex sound signal.

Yes, electronic homemade scheme will consist of the following radio components:

Step-down transformer of the TA series;
call button;
Five alloy silicon diodes;
Electrolytic capacitor with a capacity of 1000 microfarads
Two electrolytic capacitors with a capacity of 10 microfarads;
Two tuning resistors with a resistance of 470 kilo-ohms;
Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 10 kilo-ohms;
Two MLT resistors with a resistance of 33 kilo-ohms;
MLT resistor per 1 kilo ohm;
MLT resistor for 470 kilo-ohms;
Three silicon plenary transistors type 630D
Silicon-planar transistor type 630G.

The principle of operation of the device is simple. Pressing the button will turn on the third 630D type transistor, allowing current to pass to the fourth 630D type transistor. This will create the primary signal. When the second transistor of the 630D type is opened, the third and fourth transistors will lock up, creating a signal of a different tone.

DIY homemade for a car

Auto electronics, today, is in great demand. At the same time, home-made automation often has simple circuits, easy execution and installation. What electric homemade products can you do yourself for your car?

So, with your own hands for a car you can do:

Dynamic turn signals using KIT DIY;
Universal Charger from old electronics;
Water pump air conditioner;
Heated wipers and more.

The easiest way would be to design a backlight for the seat belt buckles. To do this, it will be necessary to dismantle and disassemble the locks with a flat screwdriver. After that, with the help of hot glue in the locks, it is necessary to fix the LEDs.

Each LED can be turned on through its own current-limiting resistor: this will extend the life of the semiconductor light emitting device.

After that, you should assemble the locks, and stretch the wires that power the LEDs under the seats to the ignition or the size button through the cigarette lighter. At the request of the owner, the car interior lighting can be supplemented with lamps that signal that the seat belt is not fastened.

Unusual electronic homemade products: do-it-yourself binary clock

You can make a cool binary clock for your home with your own hands. To do this, you need the Arduino platform. Wiring diagrams on this platform are simple and convenient, they are used for the manufacture of most electronic homemade products.

In addition, to make a binary clock you will need:

Real time clock module on DS1302 chip;
Diffuse LEDs with a diameter of 1 cm (20 pieces);
Resistors with a resistance of 10 ohms (20 pieces);
Resistors with a resistance of 10 kilo-ohms (2 pieces);
Two tact buttons;
Frame.

The watch case should consist of two halves, which can be made of wood, plastic, metal. It depends on what style your watch will be. Before making the case, you will need to assemble the LED matrix.

In this case, each LED must be connected through its own current-limiting resistor.

After that, the outputs from the LEDs must be connected to the platform. The controller itself will need to be connected to the real time clock module. After that, the contacts from the Arduino and the module must be routed to the clock buttons to set the time through resistors with a nominal value of 10 kilo-ohms. They will serve as payloads. Finally, connect the power cable to the circuit.

Useful do-it-yourself homemade products: how household scales are made

Today, almost every home has a floor or kitchen scale. In order to independently make this useful measuring device, you need to understand its device and the principle of operation.

So, to external constituent parts weights include:

Weight processor;
Frame;
Screen for readings;
platform;
Legs.

The principle of operation of scales is extremely simple. The load, falling on the platform, presses on it due to gravity, activating the strain gauge weight sensor inside the device. The strain gauge, in turn, affects the strain gauge, changing its resistance. The latter transmits a signal to an analog-to-digital converter. After that, the ADC converts the signal into digital and sends it to the microcontroller, which draws conclusions about the weight of the load on the platform, and displays the values on the screen.

When assembling the circuit, it is necessary to pay attention to the type of strain gauge.

So, for the central location under the platform of floor, trade and technical scales it is better to choose a single point sensor. For installation on a bend, a block sensor is used. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the load cell has a reliable connection to the ADC. A weight processor will help solve the problem of connecting devices.

Do-it-yourself radio circuits for the home: we make an electronic lock

Electricity can also serve to protect the house. So, today, do-it-yourself sites offer simple radio circuits for electronic locks for the front door. Opening such a lock using a physical key will not work.

The simplest circuit for making a lock is usually based on a four-digit Johnson counter.

This scheme can be implemented in several variations. The simplest one is using the 4017 chip. The principle of operation of the circuit is quite simple: when you enter the correct four-digit code, a logical unit is activated at the input of the microcircuit, which opens the lock.

Consider the operation of the device in more detail:

When the wrong keys are pressed, the circuit is restarted without triggering the mechanism through the RESET input.
The correct signal, when a key is pressed, should go to field-effect transistor VT1, which, after opening, supplies voltage to the output corresponding to the key;
After the complete introduction of the correct code, from the output corresponding to the last correct key, the signal is applied to the transistor VT2 connected to the relay;
The transistor is activated for a time that determines the capacitance of the capacitor;
The relay opens the actuator (for example, a latch).

In order to open such a lock, you need to go through about ten thousand different codes. In this case, the numbers on the code should not be repeated. That is, code 3355 will not be possible, all digital values must be different.

Most of the electronic homemade products that modern craftsmen make are designed to perform ordinary household tasks faster and better than authentic devices. So, for example, an electric spinning wheel will significantly speed up the process of creating yarn. You can quickly make an electric spinning wheel by putting the electric motor on an authentic device.

At the same time, the motor for the electric spinning wheel must have a power of at least 15 watts.

As an engine, it will be possible to use a motor from a fan, an auto-cleaner, a player. Use the foot pedal to start the engine. It will be possible to change the movements of the motor by including a TP-type toggle switch in the circuit, which provides the connection of the capacitor and resistance to different windings.

An electric fly swatter will be useful, easy to assemble and operate.

In order to implement such a mechanism, it will be necessary to assemble a standard blocking generator. At the same time, you will need to remember to isolate the handle of the fly swatter.

Where to find amateur radio circuits and homemade products

Modern sites of radio amateurs offer to make not only useful, but also unusual radio homemade products. So, for example, on the Mozgochiny website you can find interesting radio electronic circuits for the manufacture of refrigerator reminders, thermometers that change color depending on temperature, etc.

Interesting and useful will be electrical things for everyday life and crafts from improvised materials for fishing from the site “Visiting Samodelkin”.

You can read about how to design, debug and manufacture electronic mechanisms at home in the book “Entertaining Radio Electronics”. New items among radio homemade products are often posted by the site “Ham Radio Workshop”. Amusing and useful technical materials contain new issues of the Radio Amateurs magazine.

DIY homemade products at home (video)

Radioamateur clubs are, today, popular with both schoolchildren and adults. Master classes and radio circuits presented on various sites allow you to assemble almost any electrical appliance at home. The main thing is to find the right circuits, follow the instructions clearly, and adhere to safety precautions when working with electricity. And you can collect whatever you want!

One of the common hobbies of amateurs and professionals in the field of electronics is the design and manufacture of various homemade products for the home. Electronic homemade products do not require large material and financial costs and can be performed at home, since work with electronics is, for the most part, “clean”. The only exception is the manufacture of various body parts and other mechanical components.

Useful electronic homemade products can be used in all areas of life, from the kitchen to the garage, where many are engaged in improving and repairing car electronic devices.

DIY in the kitchen

Homemade kitchen electronics can be an addition to existing accessories and accessories. Industrial and home-made electric barbecue grills are very popular among residents of apartments.

Another common example of do-it-yourself home-made kitchen products by a home electrician is timers and automatic switching on of lighting above work surfaces, electric ignition of gas burners.

Important! Changing the design of some household appliances, especially gas appliances, can cause "misunderstanding and rejection" of regulatory organizations. In addition, it requires great care and attention.

Electronics in the car

Home-made devices for a car are most widely used among owners of domestic brands of transport, which differ in a minimum number additional features. The following schemes are in great demand:

Sound signaling devices of turns and inclusion of a manual brake;
Battery and alternator operating modes indicator.

More experienced radio amateurs are engaged in equipping their car with parking sensors, electronic window lifters, automatic light sensors for controlling low beam headlights.

Homemade for beginners

Most beginner radio amateurs are engaged in the manufacture of structures that do not require high qualifications. Simple proven designs can serve long time and not only for the sake of benefit, but also as a reminder of the technical "growing up" from a novice radio amateur to a professional.

For inexperienced hobbyists, many manufacturers produce ready-made construction kits that contain a printed circuit board and a set of elements. Such kits allow you to develop such skills:

Reading circuit and wiring diagrams;
Correct soldering;
Adjustment and adjustment according to the finished method.

Electronic watches are very common among the sets. various options performance and degree of difficulty.

As a field of application of knowledge and experience, radio amateurs can design electronic toys using simpler circuits or converting industrial designs to their wishes and capabilities.

Interesting ideas for crafts can be seen in the examples of making radio-electronic crafts from worn out parts of computer technology.

home workshop

For self-construction of radio-electronic devices, a certain minimum of tools, fixtures and measuring instruments :

soldering iron;
Side cutters;
Tweezers;
Screwdriwer set;
pliers;
Multifunction tester (avometer).

On a note. When planning to do electronics with your own hands, you should not immediately take on complex designs and purchase an expensive tool.

Most radio amateurs started their journey with the use of the simplest soldering iron 220V 25-40W, and from the measuring instruments in the home laboratory, the most massive Soviet tester Ts-20 was used. All this is enough for practicing with electricity, acquiring the necessary skills and experience.

It makes no sense for a novice radio amateur to buy an expensive soldering station if there is no necessary experience with a conventional soldering iron. Moreover, the possibility of using the station will not appear soon, but only after the lapse of sometimes quite a long time.

There is also no need for professional measuring equipment. The only serious device that even a novice amateur may need is an oscilloscope. For those already versed in electronics, the oscilloscope is one of the most sought-after measurement tools.

Inexpensive Chinese-made digital instruments can be successfully used as an avometer. With rich functionality, they have high precision measurements, ease of use and, importantly, have a built-in module for measuring transistor parameters.

Speaking about the home workshop at homemade, one cannot fail to mention the materials used for soldering. It's solder and flux. The most common solder is the POS-60 alloy, which has a low melting point and provides high soldering reliability. Most of the solders used for soldering various devices are analogues of the mentioned alloy and can be successfully replaced with it.

Ordinary rosin is used as a flux for soldering, but for ease of use it is better to use its solution in ethyl alcohol. Rosin-based fluxes do not require removal from installation after operation, since they are chemically neutral under most operating conditions, and a thin film of rosin formed after evaporation of the solvent (alcohol) exhibits good protective properties.

Important! When soldering electronic components, under no circumstances should active fluxes be used. This is especially true of soldering acid (zinc chloride solution), since even under normal conditions such a flux has a destructive effect on thin copper printed conductors.

For tinning highly oxidized leads, it is better to use an active acid-free flux LTI-120, which does not require rinsing.

It is very convenient to work using solder, which includes flux. The solder is made in the form of a thin tube, inside of which there is rosin.

Prototyping boards made of double-sided foil fiberglass, which are produced in a wide range, are well suited for mounting elements.

Security measures

Doing electricity is associated with a risk to health and even life, especially if do-it-yourself electronics are designed with mains power. Homemade electrical devices should not use transformerless power from a household network alternating current. As a last resort, such devices should be configured by connecting them to the network via isolating transformer with a transformation ratio equal to one. The voltage at its output will correspond to the mains voltage, but at the same time, reliable galvanic isolation will be provided.

Every day it becomes more and more, there are many new articles, it is quite difficult for new visitors to immediately orient themselves and review everything already written and previously posted at once.

I really want to draw the attention of all visitors to individual articles that were posted on the site earlier. In order not to have to look for a long time necessary information I will make several "entry pages" with links to the most interesting and useful articles on selected topics.

Let's call the first such page "Useful electronic homemade products". Here we consider simple electronic circuits that are available for implementation by people of any level of training. The schemes are built using a modern electronic database.

All information in the articles is presented in a very accessible form and in the amount necessary for practical work. Naturally, to implement such circuits, you need to understand at least the basics of electronics.

So, a selection of the most interesting articles on the site on the subject "Useful electronic homemade products". The author of the articles is Boris Aladyshkin.

The modern element base of electronics greatly simplifies circuitry. Even an ordinary twilight switch can now be assembled from just three parts.

The article describes a simple and reliable electric pump control circuit. Despite the extreme simplicity of the circuit, the device can operate in two modes: water lifting and drainage.

The article presents several schemes of devices for spot welding.

With the help of the described design, it is possible to determine whether a mechanism located in another room or building is working or not. The information about the work is the vibration of the mechanism itself.

A story about what a safety transformer is, why it is needed and how you can make it yourself.

Description simple device, disconnecting the load in the event of an output mains voltage beyond the allowed limits.

The article discusses a simple thermostat circuit using an adjustable zener diode TL431.

Article on how to make a device soft start lamps using the KR1182PM1 chip.

Sometimes, with low voltage in the network or soldering massive parts, it becomes simply impossible to use a soldering iron. This is where a step-up power regulator for a soldering iron can come to the rescue.

An article about what can replace the mechanical thermostat of an oil heating radiator.

Description of a simple and reliable thermostat circuit for a heating system.

The article describes the converter circuit made on a modern element base, containing a minimum number of parts and allowing you to get significant power in the load.

Article about various ways connecting the load to the control unit on microcircuits using relays and thyristors.

Description of a simple scheme for controlling LED garlands.

The design of a simple timer that allows you to turn on and off the load at specified intervals. Working time and pause time are independent of each other.

Description of the scheme and principle of operation of a simple emergency lamp based on an energy-saving lamp.

A detailed story about the popular "laser-iron" manufacturing technology printed circuit boards, its features and nuances.

Making electronic homemade products with your own hands gained popularity in the last century, when semiconductor devices appeared. With their help, it was quite easy to assemble the devices necessary for everyday life from old equipment. Today, the repair and collection of equipment for a home or a summer residence, for a car or a garage can also be solved at home.

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Homemade devices for home and garden

Electric homemade products for home and summer cottages, using the power of electricity, can be done by every electrician. Most fixtures are built from factory components and require only school knowledge of electricity.

Electric barbecue

The electric grill can be either horizontal or vertical. Stores usually sell vertical ones, and they do their job perfectly after some refinement.

To create a horizontal barbecue, you will need a heating element and a frame resembling a brazier. You can make a heating element from a ceramic tube and a nichrome spiral wound around it. The tube is fixed through an insulating material in a metal housing. Drawings are required to assemble the case.

Barbecue grill

An equally interesting idea is a barbecue grill with an electric drive for rotating skewers. By adding an electric motor to a regular brazier, you can get an excellent device that will cook barbecue in offline. To organize a skewer drive, you can use a motor from the wipers, from washing machine or any other 12 volt. With the help of a system of pulleys and a belt or gear drive, the rotation of the shaft is transmitted to the skewers, and the meat slowly turns over the coals.

Homemade WI-FI antenna

Such an antenna will improve the quality of reception and wifi speed at your home. According to reviews, after connecting it, the signal level rises from 5 to 27 Mbps.

For manufacturing you need:

a small metal sieve or colander;
Wi-Fi adapter (USB);
USB cable;
drill;
epoxy resin;
camera tripod;
plastic clamps.

Manufacturing process:

We drill a small hole (14 mm) in the center of the sieve and insert a metal pin into it to fix the adapter.
We insert the connector from the USB cable into the prepared hole and fix it with epoxy. The USB connector after gluing must be strictly perpendicular to the plane of the sieve, then the device works more efficiently.
Then, with the help of two ties, “ears” are made through which the cable is attached.
We fix the product on a camera tripod. We drill a hole with a diameter of 12 mm in the antenna and clamp it with a nut.

Necessary materials Insert the pin into the drilled hole Attaching the USB cable We fix the cable Tripod Mounting the antenna with a tripod

Electric homemade for the garage

Consider several projects of useful homemade products for the garage.

homemade chandelier

If you have low lighting in the garage, then an impromptu chandelier will be very useful. To make a bifurcated cartridge, you will need a pair of angle cartridges, which are sold in a regular hardware store.

Sequencing:

We remove the wires from the cartridges and fasten them with a plastic tie. We get a cartridge for two lamps. It remains to connect them to the electrical network.
To do this, we use the base from fluorescent lamp. We carefully break out the lamp, then solder the wires from our design to the contacts of the base.
We isolate them well and attach the base on top of the cartridges.

The use of conventional light bulbs in such a design is undesirable - the cartridges can fuse from heating.

LED device

Another lighting option can be a homemade LED lighting device.

For its manufacture you will need:

old fluorescent lamp;
LED Strip Light;
connecting wires.

The manufacturing sequence is as follows:

An LED strip is glued onto the lamp body in one or several rows.
The connecting wires are connected and brought to the lamp switch.
The assembled device is tested.

Spot welding machine

The necessary device in the garage will be a home-made spot welding machine, the basis of which is a transformer from an old microwave oven. Necessary condition- the transformer must be working in order not to rewind all the windings.

The assembly process of the welder is quite simple:

The transformer is dismantled.
Carefully remove the secondary winding.
Two shunts are removed.
From a thick wire (with a diameter of at least 10 mm), a secondary winding of two or three turns is made.
From a copper bar with a diameter larger than the wires, electrodes for contact welding are made.

Homemade spot welding tool

Useful DIY things for fishing

Among homemade products, you can find many interesting ideas for use in field conditions, as well as hunting and fishing.

Electronic signaling device

An example is an electronic signaling device for fishing with a conventional fishing rod or other tackle. A simple bite device can be assembled in just half an hour. For it, you will need an old tweeter keychain and a strip of plastic 1-2 mm thick.

Assembly of the signaling device:

The keychain is attached to the rod.
A strip of plastic is glued to the fishing line and inserted between the contacts of the key fob.

Now, when biting, the fish will pull the line, the plastic will fly out, the contacts will close and the key fob will work.

Underwater camera for ice fishing

With the help of a homemade underwater camera for ice fishing, you can see if there are fish under the hole. This makes the fishing process easier.

For manufacturing you will need:

small chamber;
sealed box for the camera;
small TV;
car battery to power the camera;
extension;
inverter;
lead for cargo;
ultraviolet diodes for illumination at underwater shootings;
superglue, electrical tape, sealant.

Assembly process:

Two holes are made at the top of the box. An extension cable is inserted through one. Through the second - the wire with which the camera is connected to the TV.
In the box, several more holes are made into which light bulbs are inserted for illumination. The wires from the light bulbs are soldered into one circuit (for example, with a parallel arrangement), which is connected to a cable that provides power.
Holes are sealed with glue and electrical tape for tight sealing.
Lead is melted and small elongated bars are poured out of it. They are placed at the bottom of the box.
Set up the camera, connect to the cable. After that, it is carefully placed in the box so that it has a clear direction forward and horizontally and transmits a high-quality image. For stability, the camera is surrounded by a soft material.
A torso (rope, belt) is attached to the box, with which the camera will be lowered to a depth. For convenience, you can combine it, the power cable and the cable for connecting the video camera to the TV into one core, fastening it with electrical tape.
Connect the camcorder's power cable to the battery and test the unit.

Homemade fish bait

You can make a good bait for catching fish yourself. This will be a device assembled on the basis of a simple multivibrator.

You will need:

a sound emitter, for example, from a children's toy;
wires;
a small plastic jar, for example, from under medicinal tablets;
the electronic board;
regulator with plastic rod;
a piece of foam;
batteries;
float weights;
volume control.

The assembly of the bait is carried out as follows:

You need to solder the circuit and check it.
Two wires are soldered to the sound emitter. Then they are held inside the case and connected to the board.
A regulator with a plastic rod is placed in the lid of the jar.
A dense circle cut out of foam is installed on top of the board, which separates the board from the battery.
Weights are fixed at the bottom of the jar so that the container is kept on the water like a float.
The regulator sets the frequency and changes the sound.

Lure scheme - 1 Lure scheme - 2

Electronic homemade products for a car

Motorists create DIY homemade products to improve appearance and convenience of driving.

Electric autoprobe

For a car, a simple homemade electrical probe is perfect. It can show the presence of a voltage of 12 volts in an electrical circuit. With it, the health of the relay, as well as light bulbs and other equipment, is checked. You can make such a device from a syringe and LEDs.

Assembly diagram:

Two LEDs are soldered with opposite terminals (plus one to minus the other and vice versa).
A steel probe is attached to one of the solder joints through a resistance of 300 ohms. To the other soldering is a contact for batteries.
The design is inserted into the syringe so that the probe comes out of the needle hole. Most of the probe is insulated with a PVC tube.
4 LR44 batteries are inserted into the syringe so that one of the poles is connected to the LED contact.
A contact is made to the other pole of the batteries from a flexible wire with an alligator clip.

The video shows how to make a syringe tester. Filmed by ILYANOV channel.

Light switch

It is quite simple to manufacture a circuit for smoothly turning off the light in the car. Such electronics is suitable for any car. Parallel to the terminals of the cabin lamp, a small board is soldered, consisting of a capacitor and diodes. The drop in electricity voltage will occur gradually and will create the effect of a smoothly fading light.

car subwoofer

To do car subwoofer with your own hands, you must first purchase a speaker. Its dimensions must be taken into account when calculating the size of the case.

The simplest and most successful form of a subwoofer for the trunk is a truncated pyramid with a slope like that of the rear seats.

LED fog lights

With your own hands, you can make car fog lights on LEDs.

For creativity you will need:

two ten-watt LEDs;
2 lenses from an old projector;
gaskets from plastic pipes;
LM317T chips;
resistors.

Instructions for assembling crafts:

LEDs are installed on pre-prepared aluminum radiators.
A structure is assembled from headlight housings, lenses from projectors, gaskets and diodes on radiators.
Fog lights are powered through current stabilizers on LM317T microcircuits and resistors.

Car carrier

A very convenient car carrying is obtained from a computer USB lamp. It is compact and you can connect the device to any place in the vehicle wiring.

Manufacturing scheme:

We remove the contacts from the USB plug.
In the plug housing, we connect the wires of the lamp and car crocodile clips.
For fastening in the right place (even horizontally), a magnet is placed on the plug.

Many electrical appliances can be repaired or made new with your own hands. For this house, there is always something that can be converted to perform new functions: an old electronic clock, a children's car, a disused computer, and much more. Useful crafts can always be repaired or redone. For work it is better to have a workshop with tools.

Equipped home craftsman's workshop

Power Supply

Homemade electronic devices need different voltages. In particular, an adjustable power supply is needed for soldering. Such an opportunity can be provided by the LM-317 microcircuit, which is a voltage stabilizer.

Scheme adjustable block food

Devices based on this scheme allow you to change output voltage within 1.2-30 V, using a variable resistor P1. The allowable current is 1.5 A, the power of the device depends on the choice of transformer.

Adjustment of the voltmeter is performed by a trimming resistor P2. To do this, set the current to 1 mA at an output voltage of the circuit of 30 V.

The more power is allocated on the microcircuit, the greater the difference between the input and output signals. To reduce heat, it requires a heatsink with a cooler.

A homemade board with an LM-317 chip is placed in a case - a computer power supply. A voltmeter and clamps to the output wires are installed on the front panel made of textolite.

Simple autoprobe

A probe for cars and other purposes should always be at hand at home, in the garage or on the road. The figure below shows a homemade scheme that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V.

The two indication circuits are connected in series to the battery and in parallel to each other. The first one consists of a resistor R1 and an LED HL1, which lights up when checking the voltage. At the same time, the battery is being charged.

Scheme and design: a) a homemade circuit that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V; b) self-made design of an autoprobe

When the circuit is being tested, current flows from the battery through circuit HL2, R2. At the same time, the HL2 LED lights up. Its brightness will be greater, the lower the resistance of the circuit.

Like all homemade products, a structural probe can be made different ways, for example, put it in a transparent plastic case, which is easy to glue with your own hands.

Such devices are indispensable when repairing an electrical network or a household appliance at home. Crafts can be more complex and have additional features.

Electric appliances for heat treatment of meat products without the use of fuel are made for a small number of servings and can be used at home or in the country. To prepare a shish kebab, with the help of an electric barbecue, there is no need to spend expensive hours of rest, standing on the street at the barbecue.

In specialized stores, you can choose any device, but the price decides a lot. If you have the skills to handle electricity, it will be much cheaper to make an electric barbecue with your own hands.

Designs are made in horizontal or vertical design. The power of the device usually does not exceed 1.5 kW. The meat is heated using a spiral with a tungsten or nichrome filament. All metal parts are made of stainless steel.

Typical devices are vertical heaters in the center and skewers with the product around. They are attached to the top. It is advisable to make skewers in the form of spirals, from which the meat does not slip down during cooking.

Type of vertical electric grill

For high-quality cooking of barbecue with your own hands, skewers should be placed as close as possible to the heater, but so that the product does not touch the spiral. When placed at a distance, the meat will not fry, but will dry.

Pieces of the product, no larger than 40 mm, are placed on a skewer, which is placed vertically around the heater. Then the electricity is turned on and the coil is heated.

The basis of the heater is a heat-resistant ceramic tube, on which a spiral is wound. Mounting at the bottom is done using a special cartridge.

In the round base, special cups are attached to collect fat and a frame that serves to hold the skewers vertically.

Cups are made from stainless steel. From below, they have cruciform protrusions, which are inserted into the slots of the base. Inside they have mounted devices for attaching skewers. Fixing the cup on both sides allows them to hold the skewers vertically.

The connection must be strong and at the same time easy to disassemble for cleaning. You can make a common removable tray for all skewers.

The cross section of the supply wire is selected according to the power of the heater (2.5 or 4 mm 2). At home or in the country, there should be a 16 A socket for it.

timer for watering plants

Devices with timers are used for drip irrigation of a site from a container to certain time. They can be connected to valves with any capacity.

Often branded devices do not provide the required reliability. Then the old ones come to the rescue Wall Clock, which are serviceable, but are no longer used at home. Small magnets are attached to the ends of the minute and hour hands, and 3 reed switches on the dial.

Timer scheme for watering plants, in which a wall clock is applied

As soon as the hour hand reaches the number 7, and the minute hand reaches 12, which corresponds to the time of 7 hours, the reed switches SA1 and SA3 are triggered and the signal opens the solenoid valve. After 2 hours, the hands will move to 9 and 12, and the current through the contacts of the reed switches SA1 and SA2 will be supplied to close the valve.

The diagram shows a "rain sensor", which in wet weather closes the transistor VT1 and the valve remains constantly in closed state. Manual control of the solenoid valve is also provided through the buttons S1 and S2.

The clock can be set to any time the valve is turned on.

Car with remote control

Homemade radio-controlled models capture not only children, but also adults. They can be used to play at home or arrange real competitions in the yard. To assemble with your own hands, you will need a chassis with wheels, an electric motor and a body.

There is a large assortment on sale, but first of all, you need to decide which machine is best to make. The control panel can be wired or radio controlled.

When choosing parts, you should pay attention to their quality. There should be no notches, inclusions and other mechanical defects on the plastic. The wheels are sold with the chassis and should turn easily. Grip with the surface is better provided by rubber. Plastic wheels in this regard are much worse.

It is better for a beginner to take an electric motor, which is cheaper and easier to maintain than an internal combustion engine. You can choose any case or make according to your sketch.

The motor, battery and radio unit with antenna are mounted on the chassis of a mini-car. If a kit with accessories is purchased, assembly instructions are included with it.

After installing the parts, the operation of the motor is regulated. The body on the chassis is installed after everything works.

You can assemble mini-copies at home as follows:

the car is assembled carefully and by common efforts;
materials of parts of the model may differ from the original;
small and insignificant details can be omitted.

The model can be made without looping on a certain brand of car. Much depends on finances and the availability of free time. Assembling a mini-car at home with a child is of great educational value.

Work on assembling the car model is carried out according to plan. Some parts need to be bought, but old toys can be used.

The motor must match the weight of the device in terms of power. Fresh batteries or accumulators are used for power.

If you use a special autoconstructor, crafts can be very diverse. Assembly sequence:

the frame is assembled first;
the motor is mounted and adjusted;
a power supply is installed;
an antenna with a radio unit is fixed;
wheels are installed and adjusted.

Types of radio-controlled car models

Many homemade tricks are revealed in this video.

Electronic homemade products can make life more comfortable and save a lot of money. In addition, you can find a use for old electrical appliances so that they do not gather dust in the pantry without a purpose. Useful do-it-yourself crafts often turn out to be better than factory-made products.