Presentation on the evolution of phones. The evolution of phones: from the telegraph to the smartphone
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Optical telegraph time
450 BC 1793 1794 Torch telegraph Optical telegraph First line of optical telegraph First steps
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The time of the electric telegraph
Rebirth 1832 1837 1854 1860 1861 Devices with magnetic needles Writing telegraph devices The idea of telephoning "Sound running on wires" Reis's apparatus - the starting point
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1832
The electric telegraph was created by the Russian physicist P.L. Schilling in 1832. The design of the fruit of his efforts was as follows: five magnetic arrows suspended on silk threads moved inside the "multipliers". Depending on the direction of the current, the magnetic needle went in one direction or another, and a small cardboard disk turned along with the arrow. Using two directions of current and the original code, it was possible to transmit all letters of the alphabet and even numbers. Devices with magnetic needles
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1837 Writing telegraph instruments
Telegraph Morse The transmitter of the Morse apparatus is a telegraph key, the receiver is an electromagnet that controls the operation of the writing mechanism. Morse code is a telegraph code or conventional notation.
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1854 In the beginning there was an idea
Charles Bourcel (mechanical engineer) - the idea of telephony, but before the practical implementation telephone communication he didn't come. Ch. Boursel was also the first to use the word “telephone IDEA: at a station that receives electrical signals, it is enough to reproduce them properly. And then you get the sound of human speech. The same as at the transmitting station.
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1860 "sound running on wires"
Antonio Meucci demonstrated a device that could transmit sounds through wires, and he called it the Telectrophon. Meucci applied for a patent for his invention in 1871. For a long time, it was Alexander Bell who was considered the official inventor of the telephone, and only on June 11, 2002, the US Congress, in resolution No. 269, recognized the right to invent the telephone for Antonio Meucci.
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1861 Reis apparatus - starting point
Johann Philipp Reis demonstrated a device that could also transmit musical tones and human speech over wires. The device had a microphone of original design, a power source (galvanic battery) and a speaker. Reis himself called the device he designed Telephon.
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The time of the "talking" telegraph
Beginning of the era of telephones 1876 1877 1878 A. Bell and his telephone Siemens and Halske and its telephones Thomas Edison and his carbon microphone
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In 1876, Alexander Bell invented the telephone - this marked the beginning of the era of analog signals and transmission systems. Bell's tube served in turn for both transmission and reception of human speech. A. Bell's phone didn't ring. The subscriber's call was made through the handset using a whistle. The range of this line did not exceed 500 meters.
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1877
The St. Petersburg plant of the German company Siemens and Halske began to manufacture telephone sets with two handsets - one for receiving the other for voice transmission.
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1878 Thomas Edison
invented the carbon-powdered charcoal microphone, which was widely used almost unchanged until the early 1990s, and still works in some places.
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Time for new technologies
Let's go Electric microphone Speakerphone Tone dialing IP-telephony, ISDN, DSL Cellular communication DEST
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And finally
Smartphone time In 2012, the Nokia Lumia 800 appeared, which runs on operating system Windows 7 Mobile Edition OS. In 2007, Apple Inc. introduced the world to the first iPhone, which was the world's first smartphone with touch screen using advanced technologies.
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Just wait and wonder
No one could have imagined that in such a short time of evolution, the phone would make a leap from a simple alternative to a landline phone, to a full-fledged mini-computer with a GPS module and FM radio, able to surf sites on the Internet, and at the same time fit comfortably in our pocket . Yes, mobile phones have evolved powerfully in terms of their form, performance and functionality and will continue to evolve further and further in the future.
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"Influence of the cell phone" - What are the consequences? It is possible that health is affected not only by cell phone radiation, but by a combination of factors. Statistics of the people interviewed. Health problems increase if you use your phone for longer. I would like to add that the most secure today is the CDMA 800 Mhz IS-95 standard.
"Communication by phone" - You have much less influence on your interlocutor due to remoteness in space. After all, only one channel works - voice. You can't show or touch anything. Phone rules. Project quality assessment. Chronicle. So is information over the phone. What is the difference between telephone sales and any other?
"Mobile phones" - Purpose: I. Tasks: Find out the positive and negative aspects of a mobile phone. "Against". Usage mobile phones in our school. Mobile phones. The first mobile phone. Developer and creator - MARTIN COOPER. Everything. Professor Leif Salford. Developer Martin Cooper. Brands of mobile phones owned by schoolchildren.
"Cell phone harm" - One of the possible consequences of mutations can be cancer. ... And adults' blood boils. All cellular base stations are subject to mandatory sanitary control. The impact of mobile on the human body. There are about 1.5 billion mobile phone users in the world today. Is the subscriber available and healthy?
"Invention of the telephone" - Radiotelephone. Classic phone. First Cell Phones. The invention of the telephone. Alexander Bell. Push-button phone. Pay phone. Modern cell phones. First telephone line. Lisitsyn Vladimir.
"Influence of mobile phones" - And inflammation of the auditory nerve. Talk to your child on the cell phone as little as possible. cell phone models. DIAGRAM OF HAZARDOUS RADIATION OF MOBILE PHONES OF DIFFERENT BRANDS (in %). It is better to carry the phone in a bag, diplomat or backpack. Objects and methods of research. Bibliography. The result of long conversations on a cell phone leads to the development of cancerous tumors ...
Plan 1. The first mention of the transmission of information over a distance 2. Morse code 3. The birth of mass mobile 4. Mobile evolution 5. Arabian premiere! 6.Road to the future! 7. Records in science and technology 7.1. The longest telephone cable. 7.2.Telephone conversation over the longest distance. 7.3 The largest and smallest telephone set. 8. Mobile Phone Hall of Fame 9 New Features PBX 9.1. Call management 9.2. CALL HISTORY 9.3 Phone book
The first mention The first mention of the transmission of information over a distance is found in the ancient Greek myth of Theseus. The father of this hero, Aegeus, sending his son to battle with the monster Minotaur, who lived on the island of Crete, asked his son, if successful, to raise a white sail on the returning ship, and in case of defeat - black. Theseus killed the Minotaur, but the sails, as always, were mixed up, and the unfortunate father, thinking that the monster had lifted his son, drowned himself. In honor of this event, the sea where the child-loving Aegeus drowned himself still bears the name Aegean. Further, mankind did not particularly philosophize over the transmission of signals and symbols over long distances.
Messengers, both people and birds, have always been the most reliable means of communication. When there were no people who especially wanted to run in any, even the most disgusting weather with all sorts of messages, they simply used their voice, or smoke, or the fire of a fire, or something else conditional. The French Revolution brought with it a colossal breakthrough in the field of information transmission. In 1789, the mechanic Claude Capp proposed to the Convention that France be covered with a network of towers with devices installed on them, consisting of planks, clearly visible from a distance. At night, lanterns were lit at the ends of the planks. The telegraph operator, sitting inside the tower, changed the location of the bars, focusing on the tower, which was within his line of sight.
Morse code, Morse code, "Morse code" is a way of encoding letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks and other symbols using long and short signals, the so-called "dashes" and "dots" (as well as pauses separating letters). The unit of time is the duration of one point. The length of a dash is three dots. The pause between characters in a letter is one dot, between letters in a word there are 3 dots, between words there are 7 dots. Encoding letters in the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks, symbols, dashes, dots, time, words, words It was named after the American inventor Samuel Morse, who invented it in 1838. Samuel Morse 1838
Russian characterLatin characterMorse code "Chant" AA ai-daa B B baa-ki-te-kut V W vi-daa-laa G G gaa-raa-zhi D D doo-mi-ki Zh V· · · same-le-zi-stoo Z Z · ·zaa-kaa-tee-ki AND I· i-di Y J· yes-na-pa-ra K K · how so? L L · · lu-naa-ti-ki M M maa-maa
Abbreviations Threats to human life or a ship at sea. SOS is served without pauses between letters: “······» (three dots, three dashes, three dots), that is, as one long letter. While it is often believed that SOS is an acronym for "Save our souls" (save our souls) or "Save our ship" (save our ship), it was actually chosen because of the frequent use of abbreviations and special "Q" to speed up radio traffic. -codes” best wishes.55 - I love the handshake, I don’t want to kiss you to work with you.
THE BIRTH OF A MASS MOBILE PHONE The first "mass" development proposed by the Swedes was called MTA - Mobiltelefonsystem A (mobile telephony system A). In 1956, she entered commercial operation. True, the MTA operated only in Stockholm and Gothenburg, and it can only be conditionally recognized as a mass one: by the end of 1956, there were only 26 subscribers in all of Sweden. This is not surprising, since at that time a mobile phone cost twice as much as a car. In the mid-60s, the MTA was replaced by an improved communication system. Although it has not gained wide popularity, in some ways the developers have managed to advance. For example, thanks to the new transistor technology, the devices have noticeably lost weight - from 35 to 11 kg!
MOBILE EVOLUTION In 1969, telecommunications companies began to seriously attend to the creation of a single network mobile communications. It was assumed that its subscribers will be able to use one phone and number, even crossing the border of states. The first such solution was proposed by a graduate of the Stockholm Technical School Esten Myakitolo, who is considered the father of modern mobile telephony. His project was named NMT - Nordisk MobilTelefon (Scandinavian mobile telephony). However, before practical implementation This tempting idea did not come immediately.
Instead of NMT, a network was launched, the operation of which was provided by telephone operators who maintain communication between individual users using an ordinary switch. Such a measure was considered as a transitional one, and no one paid much attention to the accompanying inconveniences. Suppose, in order to call, a person had to explain exactly where he was. Meanwhile, work in the laboratories continued. The inventors sought to create a communication system with a large coverage area. And hopes were pinned primarily on NMT. However, the existing technology was clearly not up to the required level.
ARABIAN PREMIERE The NMT project was originally open. Even at the start, more than 40 companies took part in it. Thanks to their cooperation, it was possible to quickly start developing base stations new communication system, line switches and mobile phones themselves. One of the most active actors was Ericsson. In those days, the current giant of the cellular industry was fighting with Philips for a contract in Saudi Arabia. This country is in dire need of telephone network new type and could afford such a luxury. Winning the tender meant a huge success for any company (and not only a moral one!), and Ericsson was able to offer the most profitable terms. A couple of months later, the world's first NMT network contract became a reality. Be that as it may, in 1981 the countdown of the history of the first generation of mobile communications (G1) began.
THE ROAD TO THE FUTURE In the early 1980s, all telecommunications companies raved about the pan-European communications network. However, otherwise their opinions differed: Scandinavia, the Benelux countries and Saudi Arabia were on the side of NMT, the UK had its own TAGS system, and in the then FRG - C-Netz, French residents used the services of Radiocom 2000, and Italians - RTMI / RTMS. And in order to finally come to a common denominator, the state telecommunications companies of Western Europe organized the GSM group - Groupe Speciale Mobile. It is quite natural that when in large numbers the parties involved faced many difficulties. Not the last role was played by the issue of prestige.
Nevertheless, GSM participants managed to work out a unified conceptual approach. At the same time, each of the parties retained the right to make proposals that improve the joint offspring. The process of pan-European unification of communications reached its peak in 1986, when a decision was made in Paris on which system to rely on in the future. New system absorbed all the best that her predecessors had. So arose GSM standard. It took several more years to implement it, and only in 1990 did the Finnish Radtolinia launch the world's first GSM network. A year later, similar networks appeared in other Scandinavian countries.
CELLULAR METAMORPHOSIS Initially, the services of GSM operators and subscriber terminals were very expensive. However, pipes soon fell in price and ceased to be a rarity. In the first year of the existence of GSM networks in Scandinavia, more than 1 million people connected to them. Phones progressed rapidly, more and more new improvements led to a decrease in their size and weight, to an expansion of capabilities. In 1996, Nokia introduced the first Communicator - no one had ever dreamed of using a miniature device to send email, fax, call friends and surf the Internet. In the same year, Motorola released the legendary StarTac GSM phone-book weighing only 90 g. A year later, Philips showed the astonished public Philips Spark with a standby time of 350 hours. In 98, Sharp surprised everyone with a touch-screen mobile phone - Sharp PMC-1 smartphone. It was supposed to compete with Communicator Nokia (but didn't). In 1999, the 3-band Motorola L7089 and Ericsson T28 appeared. At the same time, the WAP technology was first implemented in the Nokia 7110 model. During the year 2000, more mobile phones were introduced than ever before, but then it turned out that GSM ... had become obsolete! But that's a completely different story.
Phones in Pictures From PDA to Phone: Handspring Treo 180 (2001) In the recent past, when Palm and Handspring were still fiercely competitive with each other, the latter shocked the mobile public with the new Treo 180. More a PDA than a phone, the Treo 180 was introduced in two versions: one with QWERTY keyboard(pictured), and the other (Treo 180g) with Graffiti handwriting recognition + 16 MB of memory.
Robust and reliable: Nokia 6160 (1998) or Nokia 8260 (2000) The peak of popularity of these all-in-ones from Nokia falls on the end of the 90s of the last century. With a monochrome screen, an external antenna, and a rugged body just over 13.2 cm long, the Nokia 6160 became the company's best-selling mobile phone in the nineties. And the Nokia 8260, introduced in 2000, already boasted a screen, albeit still black and white, but with color backlighting, and a slightly thinner one: about 10.1 cm in length and weighing about 96 grams, compared with 169 grams of 6160 .
The Dawn of Smartphones: Kyocera QCP6035 (2000) If you belong to the vast community of Palm-based Treo mobile phone fans, then you will be interested to know that the Kyocera smartphone, which went on sale in early 2001 and cost between $400 and $500 (depending on from the operator), was the first public phone on the Palm OS. Of course, 8 MB of memory and a weak single-color screen are far from the perfection of today's models, but it was this first smartphone that laid the foundation for their improvement.
Science and Technology Records Telephone The country with the largest number of telephone lines is the United States of America, which had lines as of January 1, 1989. by the most large quantity telephone subscribers (as of January 1, 1989) are located in the city of Tokyo, Japan. New York, USA, had telephone subscribers on January 1, 1989. In 1983, Washington, DC, USA reached the level of 1,730 telephones per 1,000 people.
The longest telephone cable. The world's longest ANZCAN submarine cable runs for miles from Port Alberni, Canada to Auckland, New Zealand and Sydney, Australia, passing through the Fiji Islands and Norfolk Island. The entire project cost approximately $379 million. The cable was opened in November 1984.
Telephone conversation over the longest distance on December 28, 1985 took place telephone conversation at a distance of about km. Both subscribers were in the building of the Royal Society in London. The experiment was carried out during one of the Christmas lectures given by zoology professor David Pye of London College. Queen Mary. For the sake of this record achievement, the rule of international telecommunications was violated, according to which subscribers are allowed to use only one communication satellite at a time. Both geostationary satellites of the Intelsat system were used - one over the Indian, the other over the Pacific Ocean. Both subscribers, Anjeka Russell and Alice Risk, experienced a time delay of 530 milliseconds during the conversation
The largest and smallest telephone set The world's largest working telephone set was exhibited at the festival in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands, organized on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Dutch insurance company Central Becher on September 16, 1988. Its height is 2.74 m, its length is 6.06 m, weight - 3.5 tons. The handset 7.14 m long was lifted to a vertical position by a crane. The smallest working telephone was made by an employee of the Northwest branch of General Telephone and Electronics Corporation, Jeff Smith of Everett, Washington, USA, in 1988. Its dimensions are 10.48 x 1.9 x 3.81 cm.
New features of the PBX The pre-modern telephone connected to the PBX has gone far from its "grandfather" with a simple dial. The class of an office PBX is determined by the set of additional functions available to the subscriber, and the class of the phone is determined by the convenience of their use. In the simplest case, the telephone set has a couple of additional buttons, Redial and Flash, for accessing PBX functions. After pressing Flash, the subscriber, as a rule, hears a voice menu listing the functions that are accessed by pressing the "09" keys, as well as "#" and "*". The list of functions depends on the specific situation: for example, when a call comes in, the subscriber may be asked to transfer it to another subscriber or create a conference. Of course, listening to the voice menu every time is quite tiring, but the only alternative to this is remembering special button combinations that allow you to activate a particular function.
Call management The subscriber most often simply makes outgoing calls or answers incoming calls. TO additional features such as recording a call, organizing a conference, or putting a call on hold, you have to resort to relatively rarely. He doesn't need speed. In most cases, it makes no sense for such a subscriber to install a system phone, therefore, in order to access additional functions, he will have to dial "magic" key combinations. And here the program wins. Finding the Park button on the screen is certainly easier than remembering the key combination.
CALL HISTORY To be honest, I've never heard of a landline phone being able to view the call log. Even in mobile phones, using this feature is not very convenient due to the limited screen size. Computers are specifically designed to work with this kind of data. For comparison, just imagine a list of outgoing calls on a mobile phone screen and on a computer screen. Call logging is one of the most useful and convenient functions implemented by the computer telephony server client. You can: view the list of calls for a period of time from several days to several months; provide individual entries with comments; search for calls by name or number of the subscriber; receive messages about missed calls indicating the time and number of the subscriber; call back the entries in the journal.
Phone book In addition to logging, another useful and convenient feature is integration with software electronic organizers (Personal Information Manager, PIM), like Outlook or Lotus Notes. So far, no phone can provide such functionality. Let us explain what it gives with a few examples. When a call comes in, the computer screen immediately displays the number and name of the caller. After talking with a new client, a record of incoming call automatically saved in the history, and to create a contact in Outlook, you only need to enter the name of the client, since the phone number field is already filled. memorize phone numbers your customers don't need to know the name and type it. The program will automatically find the record in Outlook and make a call
Project History of the Creation of Cellular Phones and the Cellular Network
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MUNICIPALITY OF KRASNODAR
MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
MUNICIPAL CITY OF KRASNODAR
GYMNASIUM №87
Individual
creative
History of cell phones and the cellular network
Pupils 7 "B" class
Rutchina Marina
Project Manager:
IT-teacher
Serdyuk N.N.
Krasnodar city
Explanatory note
Target:
Relevance:
History of cell phones
History of cellular networks
Introduction
Main part of the project
Bibliography
Main part of the project
A cell phone is a phone designed to work in cellular networks. It uses a radio band transceiver and traditional telephone communication to carry out telephone communications within the territory of the cellular network coverage area.
History of cell phones
History of the cellular network
One of the types of mobile radio communication, which is based on cellular network. Such a network got its name "cellular" because the coverage area is divided into cells in the form of cells. The networks partially overlap and form a single network.
In many countries, cellular communications have also developed. But the network could not keep up with the rapidly growing demand, and a solution was found in the form of cellular communication, which allowed to increase capacity by reusing frequencies in a meshed system.
The diagram shows that the most popular operator is MTS. It is used by 37% of people.
In second place is Beeline. It is used by 27% of the population.
In third place is Megafon. It is used by 25% of people.
11% of the population uses other mobile operators.
Comparison of modern cell phones
cameraphone
Smartphone and communicator
Bibliography
Internet resources:
www.wikipedia.org
www.smartphone.ua
www.e-catalog.ru
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"Project History of the Creation of Cellular Phones and the Cellular Network"
Cell phones and cellular network
Prepared by a student of grade 7 "B"
MOU gymnasium №87
Rutchina Marina
Goal and tasks
Target: Explore the origins of cell phones and the cellular network.
- Review the history of cell phones
- Consider the history of the cellular network
- Consider modern cell phones
- Compare modern cell phones
Relevance
The relevance of this topic is beyond doubt, since basically when buying a new phone there is a choice, and in order to make the right one, the topic I have chosen will help to figure it out.
Cell phone is
A telephone designed to work in cellular networks. It uses a radio band transceiver and traditional telephone communication to carry out telephone communications within the territory of the cellular network coverage area.
The world's first cell phones
In 1957, Leonid Ivanovich Kupryanovich (USSR) created an experimental model of a mobile phone. It was called LK-1 weighing 3 kg. A base station was also built for this phone.
In subsequent samples in 1958, the weight of the mobile phone was reduced to 0.5 kg.
In 1961, L. I. Kupryanovich introduced a pocket phone weighing only 70 grams, which fit in the palm of your hand.
In 1973, the first cell phone, the Motorola Dyna TAC, was released.
The first call on it was made on April 3, 1973 by Martin Cooper, who called his competitors from AT&T.
This unit weighed 1.15 kg. In addition to the call, the phone did not have any functions. It was possible to talk on the phone for about an hour, but the phone was charged for 10 hours. A total of 5 prototypes were created.
Already in 1984 Motorola DynaTAC 8000X went on sale. People liked the phone and its features so much that thousands of people signed up to buy the phone.
Cellular network
One of the types of mobile radio communication, which is based on a cellular network. Such a network got its name "cellular" because the coverage area is divided into cells in the form of cells. The networks partially overlap and form a single network.
History of the cellular network
The first use of mobile telephone radio in the United States dates back to 1921 when the Detroit police used a one-way control room to transmit information from a central transmitter to vehicle-mounted receivers.
In 1933, the NYPD began using a two-way mobile telephone radio system.
In 1934, the US Federal Communications Commission allocated 4 channels for telephone radio communications, and by 1940, about 10,000 police vehicles were already using telephone radio communications.
But the Russians were not far behind either. So in the late 50s. of the last century, the development of the Altai car radiotelephone system began in the USSR. In 1963, an experimental zone was launched in Moscow. At the end of the 70s. the Altai system successfully worked in 114 cities of the country. In the summer of 2011, the Altai system stopped its work.
In many countries, cellular communications have also developed. But the network could not keep up with the rapidly growing demand, and a solution was found in the form of cellular communications, which increased capacity by reusing frequencies in a meshed system.
cameraphone
A camera phone is a type of phone that has a high-resolution camera matrix. Such phones have functions for processing photos and transferring them to social networks. networks.
Phones of this type have become popular after being sold. Sony Ericsson K and Sony Ericsson C in 2005. This device had a 2-3.2 megapixel camera.
In 2009 Samsung released a phone that amazed the world with an 8 megapixel camera.
In 2012, the Nokia 808 PureView was introduced with a 41 MP camera.
In 2013 it was officially announced samsung galaxy S4 Zoom is a smartphone with a 16 MP camera with 10x optical zoom and powerful flash.
Announced in February 2014 Sony Xperia Z2 received a 20.7 MP camera with the world's first digital image stabilization system and shooting video in Ultra HD.
Smartphone and communicator.
A smartphone is a mobile phone with the functionality of a pocket personal computer.
The communicator is almost no different from a smartphone, except that the communicator has a retractable keyboard.
For the first time, an attempt to connect a phone and a pocket computer appeared in the 90s of the last century. It was an IBM Simon phone. In addition to telephone functions, the device could receive faxes, allow you to receive e-mail and had several games. There were no keys. All actions were performed through the touch screen. But because of its size, the phone was not popular.
Cell phone comparison
For comparison, I chose two phone models. Lenovo S 650 and apple iphone 6.
Lenovo S 650
communication standards
Apple iPhone 6
operating system
sensory
built-in memory
memory card slot
battery
material
not removable
0t 7000 to 12000r
CPU
from 43000 to 63000r
SIM card
- During the design work, it was found out when the first cell phones appeared. I also learned what they looked like and what they are.
- While working on this topic, I learned what a cellular network is, found out when and where it originated and what it was like.
- Looking at modern cell phones, I learned that progress does not stop, but goes forward, and every year we can see more and more interesting phones.
- Comparing two cell phones, I found that the choice of phone depends on the purpose for which the phone is bought.
- I think my project is of great importance for those who want to know a little about cell phones. And it can also help when choosing a phone.
- Next year I plan to supplement my project with new and interesting facts about cell phones, and compare another pair of phones.
Yesterday, on December 2, the presentation of the second generation YotaPhone took place. And though it's very nice to dream of capturing Russian smartphones world market, today we decided to recall all the iconic models in the history of this device.
Part one. Portable communication device
1984 Motorola DynaTAC
Perhaps the year of birth of mobile phones could be chosen in 1973, when its creator, Dr. Martin Cooper, first called with his help. But still, it was in 1984 that he went on sale, after which their real story began. From the point of view of the proud owner of a modern smartphone, DynaTAC is nothing outstanding: a memory for 30 numbers, one melody, an LED display and the nickname "brick". And all this was sold for 3995 dollars. He weighed 800 grams, but this was not the biggest problem. Unfortunately, the battery only lasted 35 minutes.
1985-86
For several years, nothing interesting happened. Phone manufacturers, although they understood all the advantages and relevance of the device, but the technology has not yet allowed to rebuild production so quickly. And the world was not as dynamic as it is now. The best illustration of this can be the debut model of Siemens - Mobiltelefon C1. It was with this suitcase in the full sense that the Germans were going to surprise the market.
1987 Nokia Mobira Cityman 900
The Finnish company Nokia, which was then little known, reacted most quickly. Somewhere in the mid-sixties, she developed various devices communications for the military and was able to quickly respond to the idea of \u200b\u200bMotorola and launch its own Mobira Cityman 900 project. It was nothing really revolutionary. It was even worse than DynaTAC, only eight numbers fit in memory, and you had to pay about 4.5 thousand dollars for it. Despite all this, it sold very well. It was even presented to Gorbachev so that he would scare his party comrades a little with a call from Helsinki.
1989 Motorola MicroTAC 9800x
A little over a year passed and Motorola was able to create the first mobile phone that did not require a pumped up biceps and a small cart. Motorola MicroTAC was created in such a way that it fits in a shirt pocket and does not even weigh it down (only 350 grams). It could no longer be used as a dumbbell, but could simply be carried with you. For which actors, politicians, businessmen and gangsters immediately fell in love with him, he is noticed in several films and television series. Functionally, a step forward was also taken: a phone book appeared, directly from which it was possible to dial a subscriber. In total, 37 of its modifications were born, the last in 1998.
1990-91
The next two years passed without significant events. No, companies haven't been sitting around tallying their earnings. They took up no less important things: they launched the first networks, coordinated communication standards and coordinated all this with the authorities. But all this is interesting only to specialists. And the world is still getting used to new opportunities. However, it must be honestly said: while mobile phones remained very expensive toys that were bought for the sake of status. However, everything soon changed.
1992 Nokia 1011
For a long time Motorola MicroTAC had no real competition. Nokia was the first to challenge again. The point is not only that the new Nokia 1011 was small, it was the first device under the GSM 900 standard. Functionally and technically, it almost completely corresponds to the Motorola mobile phone, except that the display was already MonoLCD, and it was already possible to talk on it for a half hours. Its main advantage is relatively low prices. Only 1500 dollars!
1993 Siemens S1
This year can be considered a turning point. The leaders paused and the chasing bustle began to fuss. So Bell South showed, in fact, the first communicator. In addition to the usual phone functions, he had an organizer, he could receive faxes and work with e-mail. There was only one minus - it was very heavy (1 kilogram!). At the same time IBM company introduced the world's first touchscreen smartphone, the Simon. Oddly enough, but all these innovative devices did not find their niche and quickly got lost. More memorable were other innovations. First of all, sales of Siemens S1 started. It was the first "pipe" of the company, and it immediately stood out for its time battery life. In standby mode, he worked for a day, and you could talk for 2.5 hours. It seems that you could leave the charge at home.
1994 Benefon Beta
Benefon Beta, which was just shown to the public, could spend four days waiting in general, but it was remembered by others. It was in it that the clock first appeared. Everyone liked the idea, except for watchmakers, but the model itself almost did not receive distribution, now it is even difficult to find an image.
1995 Nokia 2110
In 1994, the industry stood up and looked around, and then rushed forward, almost never stopping and not paying attention to the world economic crises, wars and other nonsense. And in many respects this happened thanks to Nokia 2110. The model became a hit and was successfully sold for five years.
In addition to a pleasant and solid design, a vibrating alert, the phone was still much cheaper than its competitors, for which not only the bourgeois, but also the middle class fell in love with it.
1996 Motorola StarTAC
Motorola fired again. It launched the first "clamshell" Motorola StarTAC on the market. If the monoblock Nokia 2011 was popular mainly in Europe, then this model conquered North America. It was sold there until 2000. Moreover, remembering the glorious past, they tried to revive it twice in 2004 and 2007, but without such success. The love of Americans was due to the availability, small size and design.
1997 Siemens S10
The novelty of Siemens in 1997 - the S10 model, did not become as popular as the previous two. However, she had one very important advantage. It was here that buyers first saw a color display. He had only five lines, but still in this technological race for the first and last time the Germans won. put here and good battery. Siemens also owns another achievement. It was they who first came up with a phone for extreme sports and made it based on the S10. The modification was called Active and with the help of rubberized inserts in the case they provided him with protection from moisture, dust and shock.
1998 Nokia 9000/9110
Actually, a series of smartphones, the company itself preferred to call them communicators, appeared in Nokia back in 1996. Hopes for 9000 were very high, but sales simply didn't go. This was explained by two reasons: they were too heavy (almost 400 grams) and expensive (1000 dollars).
At first, the company lowered prices, there was a certain interest in it. Then the developers seriously worked on the insides, making it 140 grams lighter - this is how the 9110 was born, which was already selling much better. Things got even better after the upgrade the following year, when WAP appeared among the functions. However, all this was only the first step towards the emergence of smartphones. These models did not have the most important thing - it was impossible to install your own software here.
This model can draw a line under the first part of the history of mobile phones. Before that, all these wonderful devices just called, plus something else. But now the Internet has entered them from all over. And simple pipes turned into something completely unimaginable.
Part two. The era of new technologies.
1999 Nokia 7110
The first step in this era was taken by Nokia. Before that, she had come up with new formats and implemented promising technologies. But the emergence of WAP - has become simply fateful. Of course, the technology itself did not allow full access to the Internet, but this immediately attracted the attention of buyers. In addition, the phone received the Series 40 software platform, which significantly expanded its capabilities. The feature set for the time was quite impressive. As a result, everything just turned into a crazy population.
2000 Siemens SL45
A lot of models were launched this year, but as often happens at a turning point, most developers have not yet found the right path for development. On the other hand, specialists from Siemens distinguished themselves: in the new SL45 model, an MP3 player appeared and even a memory expansion slot using an MMC card. It's just the swansong of the company. As a result, they fell into strange experiments and flew out of the market. And Siemens SL45 had fans even ten years later. Also, the first Samsungs flashed on the market, which, however, were not remembered for anything special.
2001 Ericsson T68
Again, a slight stagnation, but this time there were surprisingly many interesting new products. Shot Samsung with an unusual women's phone SGH-A400, there were several interesting models from Nokia. But the year was especially successful for Ericsson. Initially, the company was marked by a small T39, which first appeared Bluetooth. Then the smallest T66 at that time went well. In the final, the golden T68 became the most popular phone of the year, where they pushed almost all the technologies and functions that were relevant at that time.
2002 Nokia 7650
The first camera in the phone appeared in the Sanyo SCP-5300, but the image quality was very low, and the brand itself was very poorly represented. In general, almost everyone missed it. It was only with the advent of Nokia 7650 that we really thought about the advantages of the built-in camera. The camera is only 0.3 megapixels here, but still, you can distinguish the shot. This phone has software platform Series 60, which turned it into a full-fledged smartphone. Other goodies: polyphony, slider, built-in HTML browser.
2003 BlackBerry 7210
The Canadian company BlackBerry started out with pagers. Since then, she has clearly gravitated towards offices, and smartphones were originally intended exclusively for workdays. That is, without the ability to listen to music, watch videos or take pictures. Nearly everything was cut off. For some reason, only a few games were left. The main emphasis was on the performance of iron. internal memory was 16 MB. This, admittedly, worked. The phones sold very well in North America, echoes of fame even reached Russia.
2004 Motorola RAZR V3
Motorola tried to regain its leadership for a long time and finally created a cult phone. The company immediately felt that they had caught luck by the tail. Initially, she even announced that the device was fashionable and would cost more. But then, nevertheless, she dropped the prices and sold fifty million at once. Its filling was usual for its time, it is worth noting only WAP 2.0 and a decent display. Buyers were bribed by the original and interesting design. The Nokia 7610 with a 1-megapixel camera and the powerful Sony Ericsson P910 were lost against its background.
2005 Sony Ericsson K750
It's hard to pick a winner this year. Except on points. Motorola RAZR V3 last year received a new modification. HTC has started selling a very successful Universal model. Nokia made way for the powerful 6680 smartphones. The Sony Ericsson K750 gets the prize of the year, thanks to its 2 megapixel camera and good hardware performance. The most interesting thing is that the battle of these "big three" in a couple of years will be replaced by their capitulation to new players. Just in 2005, companies clearly demonstrated why this happened. For some reason, they all tried to do their best in one direction. It worked until Apple got the idea to offer a generic product.
2006 Nokia N73
Nokia has again prepared great smartphone. Nice monoblock, with a very rich functionality. Especially if it concerned multimedia possibilities: N73 played music, video, could record videos. For those who wished, there was even the opportunity to view TV channels. It's just that he was almost not allowed to roam. By the next year, everyone was talking about the iPhone. Against its background, the Nokia N73 hardware (ARM9 processor at 220Mhz, 64 MB of RAM and 2 GB on microSD) looked frankly pathetic.
2007 iPhone
Apple's dominance began this year. Of course, in terms of history, the iPhone did not reign for very long. Some five years, but all this time there was no real alternative to him. This led to the fact that the old leaders rapidly lost their positions, and some even left the market. Why? The secret is simple: the iPhone was almost universal and gave maximum opportunities at the time of its appearance. The above are the characteristics of the highly productive Nokia N73. But the iPhone is a Samsung32-bitRISCARM processor at 620 MHz, 128 MB random access memory, GPU and internal memory of at least 4 GB. And then, the four-gigabyte version was discontinued two months later, leaving only 8 GB. And, of course, a 3.5-inch touch screen.
2008 iPhone 3G
The next year, the situation did not change much. Apple released new model, further strengthening its leadership. The changes were not dramatic. New iPhone 3G has been pulled up a bit. They added support for 3G, updated the OS to IOS 2.0 and added GPS, which was clearly not enough. This was enough to keep out the competitors, who had already gone from the knockout and began to react to what was happening. For example, Nokia released the cute E90 and N95, LG actively promoted the Prada KE850 with a touch screen, and about its other model LG Voyager generally said that it has almost all the features of the iPhone ..
2009 iPhone 3GS
Another iPhone update maintained a lead over competitors. Although the iPhone 3GS was cited as an interim step necessary before the fourth generation, the upgrade was all essential. In fact, they changed the entire hardware: the processor was installed a little faster (ARM Cortex-A8 833 MHz), the graphics processor is also new (PowerVR SGX535 at 150 MHz), the RAM was doubled, up to 256 MB. The now obligatory camera was also put a little better, and IOS was updated to 3.0. Competitors were already frankly floundering, occupying some separate market segments.
2010 iPhone 4
Finally, the iPhone has a competitor. The Koreans from Samsung have created a worthy rival - Galaxy S. To emphasize this, they even held a presentation on the same day (June 24) with Apple, which presented the fourth version of its smartphone. Their characteristics turned out to be generally very similar, in some ways, for example, in the Phone monitor it was a little inferior. But Samsung failed to topple him from the throne. Largely due to the high reputation of Apple itself.
2011 iPhone 4S
This time, the victory of the iPhone is conditional. Samsung has created a phone that is better in performance. And they did it much earlier. They held the Galaxy S II presentation on February 13, while Apple delayed it until October 14. But even such a handicap did not help: the processor turned out to be weaker, the screen is smaller, the RAM is twice as poor. Even the battery is more capacious. Apple won only in one indicator - the number of phones sold.
2012 Samsung Galaxy S III
Samsung got the first place in the aggregate of achievements. And thanks to 60 million sold phones of this model. The Galaxy S III has excellent and powerful hardware: a quad-core processor, one and a half gigabytes of RAM, 16-64 GB of flash memory and other goodies. iPhone lost deservedly and for an objective reason. In 2011, founder and main idea generator Steve Jobs died. Without him, the novelties did not work out very well. Only in 2014, the developers managed to get together and release something worthwhile.
2013 Samsung Galaxy S4
The recipe for the first iPhone - everywhere, everything and a lot - was used by Samsung in the main novelty of last year, the Galaxy S4. There is a very powerful processor - a quad-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 600 at 1.9 GHz, 2 GB of RAM and a Qualcomm Adreno 320 as GPU. And like a cherry on a cake - a 13 megapixel camera. However, this time the phone does not fight alone: the LG G2, Sony Xperia Z and Nokia Lumia 920.
2014 - ? -
This year, the main competition is again between Apple and Samsung, but you can choose not only between the iPhone 6 and Galaxy S5. Good feedback at LG G3, HTC One(M8) and Nokia Lumia 930. In addition, YotaPhone-2 actively intervened in the struggle for leadership. And while there is still a month left until the end of the year, each of the applicants has a chance to come out on top.
The theory of evolution was traced by Maxim Usachev
Illustrated by Dmitry Shevchuk
