Install 2 RAM. Computer RAM - how to increase the volume correctly - ddr2 and ddr3

Hello, friends! In this article, we have tried to answer your many questions regarding random access memory. ? How do I find out what RAM I have installed and how much? How to choose the right RAM for your computer. How to know if your RAM is running in dual channel mode or not? Which is better to buy, one stick of 8GB DDR3 memory or two sticks of 4GB each? And finally.

• If you are interested, or, also read our articles.

1. Hello admin, one of my friends asks to install more RAM for him. Computer properties show 2 GB. Turn off computer, open system unit, there is one bar of RAM, they took it out, but there are no markings on it. Interestingly, it was not possible to determine the model motherboard. The computer was bought a long time ago, and accordingly the question arose - how to find out the type of RAM that it needs? After all, RAM differs in type, frequency and timings.
2. Hello everyone! I wanted to buy more RAM, removed the cover of the system unit, took out the RAM bar and I can’t decipher the information printed on it, it just says serial number and that's it. It is not at all clear at what frequency it operates and what type it is, DDR3 or DDR2. How to distinguish DDR3 memory from DDR2, how do they differ externally?
3. I have one 4 GB DDR3-1600 RAM chip in the system unit, I want to install another 4 GB stick, but running at a higher DDR3-1866 frequency. Will my computer work normally, and most importantly in dual channel mode?
   My friend installed three RAM sticks of different size and frequency into the system unit. Is this allowed? But what is strange, his computer works fine!
4. Tell me how to check if my RAM is working in dual channel mode or not? And what conditions are needed for my memory to work in dual-channel mode. Same volume? Same frequency or same timings? How much faster a computer runs in dual-channel mode than in single-channel mode. They say that there is also a three-channel mode.
5. What will work better, two sticks of 4 GB of RAM in dual-channel mode or one stick, but with a capacity of 8 GB, respectively, will the memory mode be single-channel?

To find out all the information about the RAM module, you need to carefully consider it, usually the manufacturer labels the RAM with proper information about the frequency, amount and type of RAM. If there is no such information on the module, then you need to find out everything about the motherboard and the installed processor, sometimes this action turns into a whole investigation.

1. Important Notes: Friends, do not forget that All new processors Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7 the RAM controller is located in the processor itself (it used to be run by north bridge motherboards) and memory modules are now directly controlled by the processor itself, the same applies to the latest AMD processors.
2. This means that it doesn't matter what frequency of RAM your motherboard supports. It is important what frequency of RAM your processor supports. If your computer has a processorIntel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7, then the officially supported memory standards for these processors are: PC3-8500 (DDR3-1066 MHz), PC3-10600 (DDR3-1333 MHz), PC3-12800 (DDR3-1600 MHz), it is at these frequencies that your RAM will work, even if the motherboard data sheet indicates that the motherboard can work with RAM sticks high frequency PC3-19200 (DDR3-2400 MHz ).
3. Another thing is if your processor with unlocked multiplier, that is, with the letter "K" at the end, for example CPU Intel Core i7-4770 K , 3.5GHz. An unlocked multiplier means that you can install memory strips of the highest frequency, for example DDR3-1866 MHz or DDR3-2400 MHz, into a computer with such a processor, such a processor can be overclocked and the RAM will operate at its frequency of 2400 MHz during overclocking . If you install a bar of RAM DDR3-1866 MHz or DDR3-2400 MHz into a computer with a conventional processor, that is, with locked multiplier without letter" K" at the end, for exampleIntel Core i7-3770, 3.9 GHz then such a bar will work in best case at frequency DDR3-1600 MHz, and at worst - the computer will not boot. Therefore, buy RAM suitable for your processor.
4. Concerning processorsAMD recent years, they work with memoryPC3-10600 (DDR3-1333MHz).

What does the following mean:

firstly, the volume is 4 GB,

secondly, 1Rx8 - Rank - a memory area created by several or all of the memory module chips, 1Rx8 are single-sided, and 2Rx8 are double-sided memory ranks.

As you can see, this bar does not say that it is DDR2 or DDR3, but the PC3-12800 bandwidth is indicated. PC3 - the designation of the peak bandwidth belonging only to the DDR3 type (for DDR2 RAM, the designation will be PC2, for example PC2-6400).

This means that our Hynix RAM stick is of the DDR3 type and has throughput PC3-12800. If the bandwidth of 12800 is divided by eight and it turns out 1600. That is, this DDR3 memory bar operates at a frequency of 1600 MHz.

Read all about DDR2 and DDR3 RAM on the website

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3 and everything will become clear to you.

Let's take another RAM module - Crucial 4GB DDR3 1333 (PC3 - 10600). This means the following: the volume is 4 GB, the type of memory is DDR3, the frequency is 1333 MHz, the bandwidth of the PC3-10600 is also indicated.

Manufacturer Patriot, 1 GB capacity, PC2 bandwidth - 6400. PC2 - designation of peak bandwidth belonging only to the DDR2 type (for DDR3 RAM, the designation will be PC3, for example PC3-12800). Divide the bandwidth of 6400 by eight and get 800. That is, this DDR2 memory bar operates at a frequency of 800 MHz.

One more plank- Kingston KHX6400D2 LL/1G
Manufacturer Kingston, bandwidth 6400, DDR2 type, 1 GB capacity. We divide the bandwidth by 8, we get a frequency of 800 MHz.
But this bar of RAM has more important information , it has a non-standard microcircuit supply voltage: 2.0 V - manually set in the BIOS.

RAM modules differ from each other in the size of the contact pads and in the location of the cutouts. Using the cutout, you will not be able to install a RAM module in a slot that is not intended for it. For example, a DDR3 memory bar cannot be installed in a DDR2 slot.

Everything is clearly visible in this diagram.

Sometimes there will be no clear information on the RAM module, except for the name of the module itself. And the module cannot be removed, since it is under warranty. But by the name you can understand what kind of memory it is. for instance

Kingston KHX1600 C9D3 X2K2 / 8G X, all this means:

KHX 1600 -> RAM runs at 1600 MHz

C9 -> Timings (Delays) 9-9-9

D3 -> Type of RAM DDR3

8G X -> 4 GB capacity.

You can simply type the name of the module in the search engines and you will find out all the information about it.
For example, AIDA64 program information about my RAM. RAM modules Kingston HyperX installed in RAM slots 2 and 4, memory type DDR3, frequency 1600 MHz
DIMM2: Kingston HyperX KHX1600C9D3/4GX DDR3-1600 DDR3 SDRAM
DIMM4: Kingston HyperX KHX1600C9D3/4GX DDR3-1600 DDR3 SDRAM

Is it possible to install sticks of RAM with different frequencies in a computer?

The frequency of the RAM does not have to match. The motherboard will set the frequency for everyone installed slats RAM on the slowest module. But I want to say that often a computer with strips of different frequencies is unstable.

Let's do a simple experiment. For example, let's take my computer, it has two identical Kingston HyperX RAM modules, DDR3 memory type, frequency 1600 MHz.

If I run the AIDA64 program in my Windows 8, it will show this information (see the following screenshot). That is the program AIDA64 shows simple technical characteristics of each of the sticks of RAM, in our case both sticks have a frequency of1600 MHz. But the programAIDA64 does not show at what frequency the RAM sticks are currently working, you need to look at this in another program called CPU-Z.

If run free program CPU-Z and go to the tab Memory (Memory), it will show at what frequency your RAM bars work. My memory is running in Dual channel mode, frequency is 800 MHz, since DDR3 memory, its effective (doubled) speed is 1600 MHz. So my RAM sticks work exactly at the frequency for which they are designed 1600 MHz. But what will happen if next to your RAM sticks running at a frequency 1600 MHz I will set another bar with frequency 1333 MHz!?

Let's install an additional DDR3 memory bar in my system unit, operating at a lower frequency of 1333 MHz.

We look at what AIDA64 shows, the program shows that an additional 4 GB bar is installed, the frequency is 1333 MHz.

Now let's run the CPU-Z program and see at what frequency all three bars work. As you can see, the frequency is 668.7 MHz, since DDR3 memory, its effective (doubled) speed is 1333 MHz.

That is, the motherboard automatically set the frequency of operation of all RAM sticks according to the slowest 1333 MHz module.

It is not advisable to install RAM strips in the computer with a frequency greater than that supported by the motherboard. For example, if your motherboard supports a maximum RAM frequency of 1600 MHz, and you installed a 1866 RAM module on your computer, then in the best case this module will operate at a lower frequency of 1600 MHz, and in the worst case, the module will operate at its own frequency 1866 MHz, but the computer will periodically restart itself or you get when you boot your computer blue screen, in this case you will have to enter the BIOS and manually set the RAM frequency to 1600 MHz.

Timings(signal delay) determine how often the processor can access RAM, if you have a quad-core processor and it has a large second-level cache, then too large timings are not terrible, since the processor accesses RAM less often. Is it possible to install RAM sticks with different timings in a computer? Timings also do not have to match. The motherboard will automatically set the timings for all the brackets according to the slowest module.

If your computer has one stick of RAM installed, but the motherboard supports dual-channel mode, you can buy a stick of RAM exactly the same in frequency and volume and install both sticks in DIMM slots of the same color.

Is there an advantage to dual channel over single channel?

During normal work on the computer, you will not notice the difference, but when working in applications that actively use RAM, such as Adobe Premiere Pro(video editing), (Canopus) ProCoder (video encoding), Photoshop (imaging), games, you can feel the difference.

Note: Some motherboards will work in dual channel mode even if you install RAM modules of different sizes in the same color DIMM slots. For example, you will install a 512MB module in the first DIMM slot, and a 1GB bar in the third slot. The motherboard activates dual-channel mode for the entire volume of the first bar 512MB, and for the second bar (which is interesting) also 512MB, and the remaining 512MB of the second bar will work in single-channel mode.

My opinion is that during normal work on a computer they will work the same way, I personally did not notice much difference. I worked for a long time on a computer with one large stick of RAM and the performance was the same as on exactly the same computer with two sticks of RAM running in dual-channel mode. A survey of friends and acquaintances of system administrators strengthened me in this opinion. But when working with programs that actively use RAM, such as Adobe Premiere Pro, Canopus ProCoder, Photoshop, games, a computer with two RAM sticks will work faster.

Of course it is possible, but not desirable. The computer will work more stable if it implements the mode of operation of the RAM that is recommended in the motherboard passport. For example dual channel mode.

A few days ago, I "freaked out" - I was tired of buying in parts the components of the future home "supercomputer". I took it and bought the remaining parts at once - the motherboard, processor and RAM.

Today I will tell how to choose RAM for computer and even how to install it correctly.

What is RAM

Before choosing RAM for a computer, you need to clearly understand what it is in general.

RAM in a computer is one of the components, along with central processing unit and an SSD drive, which is responsible for system performance.

The official definition goes something like this: RAM (Random Access Memory) is the volatile part of computer system, which temporarily stores the input, output and intermediate data of programs and operating system.

But I, as always, will try to convey this definition to you in simple terms ...

The processor is the brain of the computer that processes all the information. HDD (or SSD drive) stores all data (programs, photos, movies, music ...). RAM is an intermediate link between them. The data that needs to be processed by the processor is “pulled” into it.

Why "pull up"? Why not just take them hard drive? The fact is that the RAM is many times faster than even an SSD drive.

What data the processor may soon need is determined by the operating system itself, automatically. She is very smart not to be talked about.

RAM types

When mammoths still walked the earth, the RAM was divided into SIMM and DIMM - immediately forget about these types of RAM, they have not been released or used for a long time.

Then DDR was invented (2001). There are also computers with this type of memory. The main difference from DDR2 and DDR3 is the number of contacts on the DDR memory board, there are only 184 of them. This type of RAM is much slower than its modern counterparts (DDR2 and DDR3).

DDR2 (2003) has a larger number of contacts (240 pieces), thanks to which the number of data streams has expanded and the transfer of information to the processor has noticeably accelerated. The maximum frequency of DDR2 is 1066 MHz.

DDR3 (2007) is the most common type of RAM in modern computers. Here they left the number of contacts alone (240 pieces), but made them electrically incompatible. Maximum DDR3 frequency - 2400 MHz . This type of memory is also characterized by lower power consumption and higher bandwidth.

DDR3 turned out faster than DDR2 by 15-20%.

DDR2 and DDR3 sticks have different "key" arrangements, they are not interchangeable...

RAM stick form factor

RAM sticks for laptops (SODIMM) and desktop computers (SDRAM) are different in size and appearance. For laptops, they look like this ...

... and for stationary home computers, something like this ...

This is where their differences (mostly) end. The characteristics that you need to know when choosing RAM are exactly the same for these two types.

RAM

In the last century, the amount of RAM was measured in kilobytes and megabytes (it’s even ridiculous to remember). Today - in gigabytes.

This parameter determines how much temporary information will fit into the RAM chip. Everything is relatively simple here. Windows itself consumes about 1 GB of memory during its operation, so there should be more of it in the computer.

2 GB - may be enough for a budget computer (movies, pictures, Internet)

4 GB - suitable for more demanding programs, games at medium and maximum quality settings

8 GB - "pull" heavy games at maximum quality settings or very memory-demanding programs *DANCE*

16 GB - the newest modern and heavy games, as well as special professional monster programs will “fly”

32 GB - You have nowhere to put your money? Send them to me.

It is very important to take into account that ordinary 32-bit Windows operating systems "do not see" more than 3 GB of memory and, accordingly, do not use it. If you buy more than 3 GB of RAM, you MUST install a 64-bit system.

RAM frequency

Inexperienced users often, when choosing a RAM, are limited by its volume, but the memory frequency is no less important. It determines the speed at which data will be exchanged with the processor.

Modern conventional processors operate at 1600 MHz. Accordingly, it is desirable to buy memory with such a frequency, not higher (1866 MHz is possible). The difference between 1333 MHz and 1600 MHz is practically invisible "by eye".

As for the memory sticks with a frequency of 2133 MHz and higher - they themselves cost wild money, for their full-fledged work you need special motherboards that cost wild money, and most importantly, you need a processor with an unlocked multiplier (supporting overclocking), which costs ...

At the same time, all this disgrace will get very hot (you need a powerful cooling system (preferably water), which costs ...) and consume a lot of energy. This is the choice of crazy gamers.

By the way, the increase in computer performance with such overclocking will be only from 10 to 30%, and you will spend three times more money. Do you need it?

RAM timing

The “terrible” parameter of RAM, which few people know about and which is rarely taken into account when choosing memory, but in vain.

Latency (timing) is the time delay of a signal. It is measured in beats. Timings can take values ​​from 2 to 13. The bandwidth of the "processor-memory" section and, as a result, the speed of the system depend on them, though quite a bit.

The lower the timing value, the faster the RAM works. For example, I purchased memory with timings of 9-9-9-24, but there are also faster ones, of course.

RAM timings can be adjusted in BIOS when overclocking the system (it is not recommended for inexperienced users to do this).

And at the end of the article, as promised at the beginning, I will tell you ...

How to properly install RAM in a computer

Before the procedure, be sure to turn off the computer and disconnect the power cord from the system unit.

No settings, after installing the memory, do not need to be made in the system. The system itself recognizes it and starts using it.

The easiest way to install memory is in a laptop (it can be more difficult to open the back cover). In laptops, the RAM is in a horizontal position, lies.

Just lift and pull it out of the grooves, insert a new one until it stops. The lock on the bar (slot) will not let you make a mistake when installing ...

On desktop computers, this process is a bit more complicated. The memory stands vertically to the motherboard and is clamped with latches.

To remove the bar, it is enough to spread these latches to the sides and it will “jump” out of the slot by itself. Installation will also take you 2 seconds - bring the bar to the slot, match the lock (slot) on the bar with the jumper in the slot and insert it all the way (hear a click - these latches will clamp the bar).

It is very important not to confuse the click of the clamps with the crunch of a broken motherboard.

Dual channel memory mode

Work speed personal computer directly depends on the correct selection and installation of all its components. Proper selection and installation of RAM memory modules is the most important guarantee successful work your PC.

In a previous article, we looked at . In this article, we will consider the issues of selecting RAM and its competent layout in the motherboard connectors.

Basic recommendations applicable to all types and types of memory:
- it is best to install DIMMs with the same amount of memory;
– the modules must match the frequency of operation (Mhz), if you install modules with different frequencies work, then in the end they will all work at the frequency of the slowest memory;
– for installed RAM boards, it is desirable to combine timings, memory latencies (delays);
- it is better to select modules from one manufacturer and one model.

Some enthusiasts try to buy modules from the same batch, but this, it seems to me, is already a perversion!

These tips are not strictly followed, situations are different. If memory modules differ from each other in terms of manufacturer, volume and frequency of operation, this does not mean at all that they will not work. In this case, there are no special memory layout secrets - just installing them is enough.

Also, there are no special features when installing obsolete types of memory such as SDRAM (there is one rule - the more, the better).

But in modern computers, motherboards support special modes of operation of RAM. It is in these modes that the speed of RAM memory will be most efficient. Therefore, to achieve the best performance, you should consider the operating modes of the DIMMs and their correct installation. Let's look at the most common operating modes of RAM today.

Operating modes of RAM

SINGLE CHANELL MODE

single mode (single channel or asymmetric mode) - this mode is implemented when only one memory module is installed in the system or all DIMMs differ from each other in terms of memory size, frequency of operation, or manufacturer. It does not matter in which slots and which memory to install. All memory will run at the speed of the slowest memory installed.

If there is only one module, then it can be installed in any memory slot:

Two or three different memory modules can also be installed in any configuration:

DUAL CHANELL MODE

dual mode (two-channel or symmetrical mode) - the same amount of RAM is installed in each DIMM channel. Modules are selected according to the frequency of operation. On motherboards, the DIMM slots for each channel are color coded. Next to them is the name of the connector, and sometimes the channel number. The purpose of the connectors and their location by channel must be indicated in the motherboard manual. The total amount of memory is equal to the total amount of all installed modules. Each channel is served by its own memory controller. System performance increases by 5-10%.

dual mode can be implemented using two, three or four DIMMs.

If two identical RAM memory modules are used, then they should be connected to the same-named connectors (in the same color) from different channels. For example, install one module in a slot 0 channel A, and the second - in the connector 0 channel B:

Three memory modules are installed in a similar way - the total amount of memory in each channel is equal to each other (memory in the channel A equal in volume in the channel B):

TRIPLE CHANELL MODE

(three-channel mode) - the same amount of RAM is installed in each of the three DIMM channels. Modules are selected by speed and volume. Motherboards that support 3-channel memory typically have 6 memory slots (two for each channel). Sometimes there are motherboards with four connectors - two connectors make up one channel, the other two are connected to the second and third channel, respectively.

With six or three sockets, installation is as easy as with dual-channel mode. With four memory slots installed, three of which can work in , memory should be installed in these slots.

(flexible mode) - allows you to increase the performance of RAM, when installing two modules of different sizes, but the same frequency of operation. As in the dual-channel mode, memory boards are installed in the same-named connectors of different channels. For example, if there are two memory sticks with a capacity of 512Mb and 1Gb, then one of them should be installed in the slot 0 channel A, and the second - in the slot 0 channel B:

That, in principle, is all the recommendations for combining RAM. Of course, there may be more layout options, it all depends on the amount of RAM, motherboard model and your financial capabilities. Also on sale were motherboards with support quad mode memory work - this will give you the maximum performance of your computer!

Now, having learned what it is and why and how it serves, many of you are probably thinking about getting a more powerful and productive RAM for your computer. After all, increasing computer performance with the help of additional memory RAM is the simplest and cheapest (unlike a video card, for example) method of upgrading your pet.

And ... Here you are standing at the showcase with packages of RAM. There are many and they are all different. Questions arise: And what RAM to choose?How to choose the right RAM and not miscalculate?What if I buy a RAM, and then it will not work? These are perfectly reasonable questions. In this article, I will try to answer all these questions. As you already understood, this article will take its rightful place in the series of articles in which I wrote about how to choose the right individual computer components i.e. iron. If you haven't forgotten, the articles included:
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This cycle will continue further, and at the end you will be able to assemble a perfect super computer for yourself in every sense 🙂 (if finances allow, of course :))
In the meantime learning how to choose the right RAM for your computer.
Go!

RAM and its main characteristics.

When choosing RAM for your computer, you must definitely build on your motherboard and processor, because RAM modules are installed on the motherboard and it also supports certain types of RAM. Thus, the relationship between the motherboard, processor and RAM is obtained.

Find out about What RAM does your motherboard and processor support? you can visit the manufacturer's website, where you need to find the model of your motherboard, as well as find out which processors and RAM it supports for them. If this is not done, it will turn out that you bought a super modern RAM, but it is not compatible with your motherboard and will gather dust somewhere in your closet. Now let's go directly to the main technical characteristics of RAM, which will serve as a kind of criteria when choosing RAM. These include:

Here I have listed the main characteristics of RAM, which you should pay attention to first of all when buying it. Now let's open each of them in turn.

RAM type.

Today, the most preferred type of memory in the world are memory modules. DDR(double data rate). They differ in time of release and of course technical parameters.

• DDR or DDR SDRAM(translated from English. Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory - synchronous dynamic memory with random access and double the data transfer rate). Modules of this type have 184 contacts on the bar, are powered by a voltage of 2.5 V and have a clock frequency of up to 400 megahertz. This type RAM is already obsolete and is used only in old motherboards.
• DDR2- a type of memory that is widely used at this time. Has on printed circuit board 240 contacts (120 on each side). Consumption, unlike DDR1, is reduced to 1.8 V. Clock frequency ranges from 400 MHz to 800 MHz.
• DDR3- the leader in performance at the time of this writing. It is no less common than DDR2 and consumes 30-40% less voltage than its predecessor (1.5 V). Has a clock frequency up to 1800 MHz.
• DDR4- new, great modern type RAM, which is ahead of its counterparts both in terms of performance (clock frequency) and voltage consumption (which means it has less heat dissipation). Announced support for frequencies from 2133 to 4266 MHz. On the this moment these modules have not yet entered mass production (they promise to release them into mass production in mid-2012). Officially, fourth-generation modules operating in the DDR4-2133 at a voltage of 1.2 V were presented at CES by Samsung on January 04, 2011.

The amount of RAM.

I will not write much about the amount of memory. Let me just say that it is in this case that size matters 🙂
All a few years ago, 256-512 MB of RAM satisfied all the needs of even cool gaming computers. At the present time for normal functioning operating room alone windows systems 7 requires 1 GB of memory, not to mention applications and games. There will never be an extra RAM, but I'll tell you a secret that 32-bit windows uses only 3.25 GB of RAM, even if you install all 8 GB of RAM. You can read more about this.

The dimensions of the slats or the so-called Form Factor.

Form-factor- these are the standard sizes of RAM modules, the type of design of the RAM strips themselves.
DIMM(Dual InLine Memory Module - double-sided type of modules with contacts on both sides) - mainly designed for desktop stationary computers, and SODIMM used in laptops.

Clock frequency.

It's pretty important technical parameter random access memory. But the motherboard also has a clock frequency, and it is important to know the operating bus frequency of this board, since if you bought, for example, a RAM module DDR3-1800, and the slot (connector) of the motherboard supports the maximum clock frequency DDR3-1600, then the RAM module as a result will operate at a clock frequency of 1600 MHz. In this case, all sorts of failures, errors in the operation of the system and are possible.

Note: Memory bus speed and processor speed are completely different concepts.

From the above tables, you can understand that the bus frequency, multiplied by 2, gives the effective memory frequency (indicated in the “chip” column), i.e. gives us the data transfer rate. The title tells us the same. DDR(Double Data Rate) - which means double the data rate.
For clarity, I will give an example of decoding in the name of the RAM module - Kingston/PC2-9600/DDR3(DIMM)/2Gb/1200MHz, where:
— Kingston- manufacturer;
— PC2-9600— the name of the module and its throughput;
- DDR3(DIMM)- type of memory (form factor in which the module is made);
— 2GB is the volume of the module;
- 1200MHz— effective frequency, 1200 MHz.

throughput.

Bandwidth- a characteristic of memory, on which the performance of the system depends. It is expressed as the product of the system bus frequency and the amount of data transmitted per clock cycle. Bandwidth (peak data rate) is a composite measure of the capability RAM, it takes into account baud rate, bus width and the number of memory channels. The frequency indicates the potential of the memory bus per clock - at a higher frequency, more data can be transferred.
The peak indicator is calculated by the formula: B=f*c, where:
B is the bandwidth, f is the transmission frequency, c is the bus width. If you use two channels for data transmission, we multiply everything received by 2. To get a figure in bytes / s, you need to divide the result by 8 (because there are 8 bits in 1 byte).
For better performance memory bus bandwidth and processor bus bandwidth must match. For example, for Intel processor core 2 duo E6850 with 1333 MHz system bus and 10600 Mb/s bandwidth, you can install two modules with 5300 Mb/s bandwidth each (PC2-5300), in total they will have a system bus bandwidth (FSB) equal to 10600 Mb /s .
Bus frequency and bandwidth are denoted as follows: " DDR2-XXXX" and " PC2-YYYY". Here "XXXX" indicates the effective memory frequency, and "YYYY" indicates the peak bandwidth.

Timings (latency).

Timings (or latency) are the time delays of the signal, which, in technical specification RAM is written as 2-2-2 " or " 3-3-3 " etc. Each digit here expresses a parameter. In order, it's always CAS Latency” (cycle time), “ RAS to CAS Delay" (time full access) and " RAS Precharge Time» (precharge time).

Note

So that you can better understand the concept of timings, imagine a book, it will be our RAM, which we access. Information (data) in a book (RAM) is divided into chapters, and chapters consist of pages, which in turn contain tables with cells (as in Excel tables). Each cell with data on the page has its own vertical (columns) and horizontal (rows) coordinates. The RAS (Raw Address Strobe) signal is used to select a row, and the CAS (Column Address Strobe) signal is used to read a word (data) from the selected row (i.e., to select a column). A complete reading cycle begins with the opening of the "page" and ends with its closing and reloading, because. otherwise, the cells will be discharged and the data will be lost. This is how the algorithm for reading data from memory looks like:

1. the selected "page" is activated by the RAS signal;
2. data from the selected row on the page is transmitted to the amplifier, and the data transfer requires a delay (called RAS-to-CAS);
3. a CAS signal is given to select (column) a word from that row;
4. data is transferred to the bus (from where it goes to the memory controller), while there is also a delay (CAS Latency);
5. the next word goes already without a delay, since it is contained in the prepared line;
6. after the row access is completed, the page is closed, the data is returned to the cells, and the page is recharged (the delay is called RAS Precharge ).

Each digit in the designation indicates how many bus cycles the signal will be delayed. Timings are measured in nano-seconds. The numbers can have values ​​from 2 to 9 . But sometimes a fourth one is added to these three parameters (for example: 2-3-3-8 ), called " DRAM Cycle Time Tras/Trc” (characterizes the performance of the entire memory chip as a whole).
It happens that sometimes a cunning manufacturer indicates only one value in the characteristics of the RAM, for example " CL2” (CAS Latency), the first timing is equal to two cycles. But the first parameter does not have to be equal to all timings, and may be less than others, so keep this in mind and do not fall for the manufacturer's marketing ploy.
An example to illustrate the impact of timings on performance: a system with 100 MHz memory with 2-2-2 timings has about the same performance as the same system at 112 MHz, but with 3-3-3 delays. In other words, depending on latency, the performance difference can be as high as 10%.
So, when choosing, it is better to buy memory with the lowest timings, and if you want to add a module to an already installed one, then the timings of the purchased memory must match the timings of the installed memory.

Memory modes.

RAM can work in several modes, unless of course such modes are supported by the motherboard. This single channel, two-channel, three-channel and even four-channel modes. Therefore, when choosing RAM, you should pay attention to this parameter of the modules.
Theoretically, the speed of the memory subsystem in the dual-channel mode increases by 2 times, in the three-channel mode - by 3 times, respectively, etc., but in practice, in the dual-channel mode, the performance increase, in contrast to the single-channel mode, is 10-70%.
Let's take a closer look at the types of modes:

• Single channel mode(single-channel or asymmetric) - this mode is enabled when only one memory module is installed in the system or all modules differ from each other in terms of memory size, frequency of operation, or manufacturer. It does not matter in which slots and which memory to install. All memory will run at the speed of the slowest memory installed.
• dual mode(dual-channel or symmetrical) - the same amount of RAM is installed in each channel (and theoretically there is a doubling top speed data transmission). In dual-channel mode, memory modules work in pairs 1st with 3rd and 2nd with 4th.
• Triple Mode(three-channel) - the same amount of RAM is installed in each of the three channels. Modules are selected by speed and volume. To enable this mode, modules must be installed in slots 1, 3, and 5/or 2, 4, and 6. In practice, by the way, this mode is not always more productive than dual-channel, and sometimes even loses to it in data transfer speed.
• Flex Mode(flexible) - allows you to increase the performance of RAM when installing two modules of different sizes, but the same frequency. As in the dual-channel mode, memory boards are installed in the same-named connectors of different channels.

Usually the most common option is dual-channel memory mode.
To work in multichannel modes, there are special sets of memory modules - the so-called Kit memory(Kit-set) - this kit includes two (three) modules, from the same manufacturer, with the same frequency, timings and memory type.
Appearance KITs:
for dual channel mode

for 3-channel mode

But the most important thing is that such modules are carefully selected and tested by the manufacturer to work in pairs (triples) in two- (three-) channel modes and do not imply any surprises in operation and configuration.

Module manufacturer.

Now on the market RAM well-established manufacturers such as: Hynix, amsung, Corsair, Kingmax, Transcend, Kingston, OCZ…
Each company has its own for each product. marking number, by which, if you decipher it correctly, you can learn a lot for yourself useful information about the product. For example, let's try to decipher the module marking Kingston families ValueRAM(see image):

Decryption:

• KVR– Kingston ValueRAM i.e. manufacturer
• 1066/1333 – operating/effective frequency (Mhz)
• D3- type of memory (DDR3)
• D (Dual) - rank / rank. A dual-rank module is two logical modules soldered on the same physical one and using the same physical channel in turn (required to achieve the maximum amount of RAM with a limited number of slots)
• 4 – 4 DRAM memory chips
• R-Registered, indicates stable operation without failures and errors for as long as possible a continuous period of time
• 7 – signal delay (CAS=7 )
• S– temperature sensor on the module
• K2- a set (kit) of two modules
• 4G- the total volume of the whale (both bars) is 4 GB.

I will give another example of marking CM2X1024-6400C5:
It can be seen from the label that this DDR2 module volume 1024 MB standard PC2-6400 and delays CL=5.
Stamps OCZ, Kingston and Corsair recommended for overclocking, i.e. have overclocking potential. They will be with low timings and a clock frequency margin, plus they are equipped with heatsinks, and some even coolers to remove heat, because. during acceleration, the amount of heat increases significantly. The price for them will naturally be much higher.
I advise you not to forget about fakes (there are a lot of them on the shelves) and buy RAM modules only in serious stores that will give you a guarantee.

Finally:
That's all. With the help of this article, I think you will not be mistaken when choosing RAM for your computer. Now you can choose the right operator for the system and improve its performance without any problems. Well, for those who buy RAM (or have already bought it), I will dedicate the next article, in which I will describe in detail how to properly install RAM into the system. Do not miss…

Best RAM 2019

Corsair Dominator Platinum

The best memory among classmates with high performance and innovation in RGB technology. Standard DDR4, speed 3200MHz, default timings 16.18.18.36, two modules of 16 gigabytes. The bars have bright Capellix RGB LEDs, an advanced iCUE program, and Dominator DHX heatsinks. The only problem is that the height of the module may not fit.

Corsair, as always, with each new model surpasses itself, Dominator Platinum is no exception. Today it is the favorite set of DDR4 memory for gamers and owners of powerful workstations. The appearance of the modules is sleek and stylish, appealing to gamers, DHX cooling works efficiently, and the performance of the bars is already ready to become a legend. In any case, for many years it will provide the user with flagship parameters. Now the memory new design, a new, brighter Corsair Capellix 12-LED backlight. Software(proprietary) iCUE provides flexible configuration memory for maximum performance. If you have changed the motherboard or processor, and maybe the graphics accelerator, you can configure the memory for any new component as native.

The price tag of the memory is slightly higher than that of other manufacturers, but this is offset by the highest quality and amazing performance.

The MEGABiT online store catalog contains a wide selection of PC components. Buy RAM for your computer in Moscow with the parameters that suit you.

How to buy RAM for your computer

Volume. For office work with text, small tables and surfing the Internet, 2-4 GB is enough. For games and resource-intensive professional programs you will need from 8 to 16 GB. Instead of one 16 GB stick, it's better to take 2 8 GB modules - this will double the bandwidth.

Memory type. The current type of RAM is DDR4. For upgrading a PC that is 3-5 years old, a DDR3 memory module is suitable.

Frequency. The RAM clock speed must be supported by the motherboard. If you connect a 1600 MHz memory module to a board that supports 1333 MHz, then the RAM will operate at the frequency of the "motherboard".

Manufacturer. There are memory modules from more than 20 manufacturers in our store. Well proven: Corsair, Crucial, Geil, Hynix, Kingston, Samsung.

After placing an order on the website, choose a convenient delivery method in Moscow: by courier to your address or to the point of issue of orders. We offer discounts to wholesale buyers and owners of discount cards.