What does the pc list consist of. System unit: components and their functions

Operating system, installed programs, documents, photos, music and movies are stored on the hard drive. The size of the HDD (hard disk) is measured in gigabytes. It is believed that the more the better. As they say, there is never too much free space.

The front panel of the PC system unit, as a rule, contains two buttons:

• Power - used to turn on the computer;
• Reset - used when an emergency restart of the computer is required if it is frozen.

Also on the front panel you can find the following elements:

• indicators - LEDs and lights that display PC operation: indication of computer operation, indication hard state disk.
• disk drives and optical drives are devices designed to work with such storage media as floppy disks and optical disks.
• connectors - designed to connect some external devices. Most often, these are USB connectors, as well as a headphone and microphone jack.

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Hello, computer device- the system unit, what it consists of, today we will talk in detail on this topic. In the last issue of the blog, I told and showed.

Within the framework of this article, I will tell and show in detail the device of a computer, what our personal computers consist of, additional computer devices and much more. The material is quite extensive, so I will divide it into two parts. In the first we will talk about the device of the system unit, and in the second about.

Parts box

Two weeks ago, my parents asked me to buy and assemble a personal computer for them. About a week I studied the market and selected the necessary components. The total amount came out to about $1300.

When the choice was made, we went to the right computer store, bought all the spare parts, and that very evening I put everything together (the system unit and everything else). Uploaded the right software, showed and told everything, also explained a little to parents how to use it.

Many of you who are reading this material now understand and understand a little about the computer device, but there are also those who understand almost nothing about it. So, especially for you, I published this material. If you know everything and you are not interested, then you can safely close this page and do any other business.

A computer is made up of many parts, but for the most part they can be divided into two classes:

The system unit is a computer case (it is called differently the processor, black box, computer and other options), which is crammed with a lot of spare parts. It is usually located under the table or on it, all peripheral devices are connected to it.

Peripherals- these include all the things that are connected to the system unit, including a monitor, speakers or headphones, a mouse and keyboard, a printer, a modem, a scanner, a webcam, and others.

System unit

Here I will tell you in detail what the system unit consists of - a computer device. If you're curious, you can take a screwdriver and carefully unscrew the two small screws that are located on the back of your computer, then remove one of the side covers and look inside.

A little warning. If you recently took your computer, it is under warranty and there are warranty stickers located at the attachment points of the side covers, then it is better not to break these seals. V otherwise you may void your warranty.

I will try to describe all its components in a language accessible to all:

1. Frame
2. Motherboard
3. Microprocessor
4. Computer memory - RAM, ROM
5. video card
6. Power Supply
7. HDD hard drive
8. Optical drive - CD, DVD ROM
9. Flopik - floppy disk drive (floppy disk) FDD
10. Card reader - there are both internal and external
11. Connectors and ports peripherals

There may also be other devices in the system unit, for example, a PCI modem; LAN card; sound card; various expansion cards and more. I don't have a floppy and a card reader, so they are not shown in the photos. Let's take a closer look at each of the above components.

Frame

Case - acts as a box where all the components are assembled.

They are different in both color and appearance.

Motherboard

System board - it is more often called the motherboard or "mother". It performs many functions and contains many important components.

A microprocessor (processor), RAM, video card and other PCI cards are inserted into it. TO motherboard a hard drive, an optical drive, a power supply, as well as peripheral devices are also connected, which we will talk about a little later.

Microprocessor

The microprocessor is the computer's central processing unit or "stone". It performs the role of the brain, if we compare it with human organs. To date, there are two common companies that produce them - these are Intel and AMD.

The more cores and higher the bitness of your processor, the faster and more operations per second it can perform. The CPU breaks very rarely, but it does happen, so be prepared for it.

computer memory

Computer memory is divided into external and internal. In internal memory includes such storage devices (memory) ROM, RAM, ROM, RAM and CASH. In external memory includes FDD, HDD, CD, DVD-ROM, USB (flash drives, hard drives) and solid state storage devices SSD.

RAM(Random Access Memory) has a high speed, which uses the central processing unit to store short-term information while you are working at the computer. For normal operation of the computer, it is recommended to use from 1 to 4 GB of RAM and above. I have 6 gigabytes installed on my computer.

There are times when memory sticks come across with broken sectors, while your computer may not work correctly, freeze, restart, or display blue screen of death. In order to check the RAM, you can download Memtest program and check it for bad and bad sectors.

ROM(permanent storage device) - it stores a permanent reference and program information. This type of information includes the settings of your computer in BIOS.

Bios- it base system input output (the cerebellum of the computer). The first program that turns on when you start your computer and checks all its components for functionality is BIOS.

If everything is fine, then it emits one “peak” signal, if something is not in order, it can emit different signals or be completely silent. Some computers do not have a speaker that notifies the user about his work (a small squeaker). If you are interested in this program, you can read a little about it in the article.

CMOS is a type of memory that stores all the configuration settings for your computer. As soon as you turn on the computer, it checks all previously saved settings. In order to change something, you need to go to the BIOS Setup tab and change necessary settings, for example set to boot from CD-ROM, HDD or USB.

Cache- ultra-high-speed operational and intermediate type of memory.

video card

The video card converts the image received on the motherboard and displays it on the monitor (TV). The more powerful your video card, the more games and different programs you can run on your computer. If your external video card breaks down, you can replace it at any time.

But if your internal video card burns out, you will have to change the entire motherboard. I don't have an internal graphics card on my motherboard, so I use an external one. Most motherboards have an internal (integrated) video adapter.

Power Supply

A voltage of about 220 volts is supplied to the power supply, which is converted to a lower voltage and after that it is distributed and feeds all the necessary components of the system unit.

If your power supply has burned out, then you can buy it in the region of $ 40-60.

HDD

On the hard HDD all physical memory is stored with which you fill your computer with music, movies, programs, various documents, OS etc. There are two types of hard drives that connect to the motherboard and exchange IDE and SATA information with it.

IDE is one of the first standards, an example of which, you can take a hard drive and see little yellow needles on the back of it. Now new computers use the SATA standard. He has more fast speed data exchange when compared with its predecessor. In terms of data capacity, they are different from 8 -16 Gigabytes to 8 - 16 Terabytes. One terabyte contains 1024 gigabytes.

optical drive

Via optical drive you can write and read discs with information.

Drives are CD-ROM, DVD-ROM and BD-ROM.

flopik

It is a flexible carrier magnetic disk FDD. Flopik reads and writes floppy disks. Now almost no one uses them, perhaps only some banks. One such floppy disk holds 1.44 megabytes.

card reader

A card reader is an auxiliary device with which you can view or write data on small Compact Flash, Memory Stick, SD Card, Micro SD, SDXC, SDHC flash drives from cell phones, cameras and similar equipment. They are both internal in the system unit, and external, which can be connected to a computer via USB.

Peripheral Connectors

You can connect various peripheral devices to our computer, such as a keyboard, mouse, webcam, USB flash drive, printer, and so on. There are the following types of connectors LPT, COM and USB.

To date, almost all such devices are connected to a computer via a multifunctional USB connector, which can be found on the back and front of the system unit.

Cooling and ventilation systems

A computer can have two or more fans (coolers). It all depends on the case and components of your computer.

The first cooler is located above central processing unit and cools it down as it heats up.

The second fan is located in the power supply, depending on its power, the cooler can be located both at the back of a small one and at the bottom a little more.

In some cases, native coolers are installed at the factory, they can be found on the rear wall of the case. If not, then you can buy at any computer store, they are inexpensive.

Expensive motherboards have small fans that cool the northbridge or southbridge of the motherboard. These are large chips (microchips) on the motherboard, on top of which you can sometimes find a small iron cooling radiator.

My motherboard does not have additional coolers, but sometimes it gets very hot north bridge. To keep it cool, I bought a small fan and attached it to the heatsink of my northbridge.

All more or less normal video cards should have at least one cooling cooler. If you have a good video card, then there may be several or even three such fans. I have an average video card with one cooler.

Cooling HDD

Hard drive cooling systems are the least common. What are they for, you ask me. If your hard drive heats up, then all the processes that take place inside it slow down, which can lead to a freeze or wrong work your computer.

Optimum temperature HDD work 25 - 35 degrees Celsius. If the temperature rises higher, the life of the disk will decrease. Special mounts are sold with one or two small fans. Screw them to your hard drive and voila.

High temperature problems are mainly experienced by hard drives that are located in laptops. Because of insufficient space for air ventilation and cooling system, the temperature rises, which adversely affects its service life. In order to avoid this, I recommend doing dust prevention at least once a year, not only for a laptop, but also for a personal computer.

Computer device inside, system unit in 3D | site

Well, that's basically all short review computer device, namely the system unit.

Results

Today we talked in detail about computer device system block. I hope you were interested. In the next part, I will talk about the computer device - peripheral devices. Not to be missed important information subscribe to my newsletters.

Perhaps you have or have questions related to the device of the computer of the system unit, you can ask them below in the comments to this article, as well as use the form with me.

Thank you for reading me

Hello dear friends. Next in line is the release, where I will tell you in detail about which necessary components, such as: a motherboard and a video card, consists of a computer system unit, which, novice users are often confused with a processor.
Also, to make the lesson more visual, I will show how each of the devices affected in this issue looks like.

To begin with, I will give a list of all the devices that are responsible for the operation of the system unit and ensure, in interaction with each other, the continuous operation of the entire computer.

1. Motherboard;
2. CPU;
3. RAM;
4. Video adapter or video card;
5. Winchester;
6. DVD drive;
7. Power Supply.

Details about all devices of the system unit

Motherboard- it, along with the processor, is one of the main devices that ensures the interaction of all other devices.

CPU is the brain of the computer, it is also one of the main devices system block. This device at least sometimes needs a temperature check, which I talked about in one of my posts. Many people who do not understand confuse the processor with the system unit. For clarity, below I will show how it looks:

;

RAM - helps the processor in performing various kinds of operations. It is needed in order to temporarily store the commands and data that the processor needs to perform these operations.
The more RAM your computer has, the faster it will run. If your PC does not have enough random access memory, then you can slightly, but correct the situation by recognizing.

A video adapter or video card is a special device that allows you to display an image on a monitor screen.

A DVD drive is a device with which you can read from CDs, as well as write various information to them, whether it be movies or music. If for some reason your DVD drive is broken, you can replace it by mounting a disk image. In the article.

In this article, we will look at what is the system unit.

Go!

So, all the components of the computer system unit can be divided into two categories.

First of them, includes something without which the PC will not work at all:

• Frame.
• HDD.
• CPU.
• Power Supply.
• Motherboard.
• Cooling system.
• RAM.

• Video card.
• Optical disc drive (CD, DVD, Blu Ray).
• Card reader.
• TV-map.
• Audio card.
• satellite map.

The main components that make up the system

Frame. Designed for compact arrangement and fixation of all other PC components. Sometimes they come with a built-in power supply. Several standards (ATX) have been released that describe the allowable sizes of motherboards and power supplies that can be installed in these cases. May have built-in ports:

USB.
Audio (miniJack).
eSATA.
IEEE 1394.

HDD. This is a non-volatile memory device for storing information. For PCs, hard drives are almost always used, form factor 3.5 ?? and a rotation speed of 7200 rpm. There are three types hard drives:

• HDD. The noisiest, but the cheapest. In terms of write / read speed in third place. In the event of a failure, the data can be recovered. Afraid of shock loads. The resource is practically unlimited.
• SSD. Silent, not afraid of bumps and falls, the highest possible speed. If it breaks, the data cannot be recovered. The resource is limited. The most expensive.
• H-HDD. A rare variety of hard drives. This is a hybrid of the above two models. Main memory on HDD + 1.5-2% of the total volume on SSD.

You can install several hard drives in one system unit. Some motherboards allow you to form RAID arrays from them.

CPU. A set of integrated circuits located on one module. Everything happens in it computing processes.
The performance of the PC depends on the speed of the processor. All modern processors are multi-core. Everyone has Cash. This is a kind of RAM of the processor. It is divided into three levels - L1, L2, L3.

Power Supply. It is selected taking into account the case, motherboard and power. It has a certain number of connectors for connecting the components of the system unit.

Motherboard. A device for interfacing all PC components. Its choice determines the type of processor and RAM. Almost all motherboards have integrated audio and video cards. Their capabilities are more than enough for watching movies, listening to music and even for simple games. The motherboard configuration is characterized by:

USB3.0 and 2.0 port controllers
Ports PCI Express and PSI ports.
Network Controller.
Channels for connecting devices with SATA interface.
Number of slots for RAM modules.

Cooling system. Cooler and radiator. The minimum quantity in one system unit is 2 pcs. One is mounted on the processor, the second on the power supply. 96% of the noise of the system unit is produced by coolers of the cooling system. Some processors are sold immediately, with a cooler and a heatsink, in which case they have a prefix in the name "BOX". There is a rare water system cooling. It is 3-3.5 times more expensive, but it works silently.

RAM. This is a set of chips that store the data necessary for the operation of the PC at the current moment. Installed in special sockets on the motherboard. On some boards, you can install immediately up to 4 planks. It is very important that all modules are from one party. Clock frequency(The speed of information exchange with the processor) and the amount of RAM directly affect the performance of the PC. When the system unit is turned off, all data from the RAM is deleted.

Secondary elements that make up the system unit

From the entire list of the second part, it is highly desirable to have a video card and a drive in the system unit, and the rest are less important:

video card, needed for games and work with complex video editing programs. Installed on all productive computers, but for ordinary user, for which the most important social networks, skype and the like, it is generally not important. But without installing a video card, the main processor of the computer must be with an integrated graphics core.

Optical disc drive. Of the three types:

• CD drive. Outdated standard.
• DVD drive. The most common option.
• Blu-ray drive. More perfect look. But quite expensive.

The remaining components of the system unit do not play a significant role for the average user, and have a narrow specialization. For instance:

Card reader. A device that allows you to connect memory cards to the system unit.

Audio card, required for 7.1 surround sound effect.

TV card(TV tuner), allows you to watch and record TV programs.

satellite map, processes the signal received by the satellite dish.

Now you fully know what the system unit of a computer consists of and you can easily give exact definition for any of the components: video card, processor, hard disk, RAM and so on.

Good day, dear readers. Today, everyone is at least remotely familiar with personal computer. This useful device significantly helps in many areas of life. Advanced users can easily distinguish the system unit from the printer, and also explain the difference. But for people who first encountered such a technique, it is quite difficult. In today's article, we will analyze in detail how the system unit of a computer is arranged.

What is it for

Users who have never delved into the study of computer components believe that the system unit is some kind of box under that provides image output to the monitor. And most of them call it "processor". What does the system block do?

Its main task is to connect the components that are inside with a monitor, keyboard, mouse and other peripheral devices. Well, of course, protection from external influences on internal elements.

Case size

There are two major types of system units: horizontal or vertical. The first are placed in a horizontal position under the monitor, but today they are rare. The second type of hull is more common, it is often called Tower, which translates from English as "tower". Vertical system blocks can be divided into several more groups: big, midi and mini.

Dimensions depend on user requirements. The most common are Tower mini (small) ones that take up minimal space but have enough space for subsequent upgrades. Fans of the most modern games need large ones so that there is room for several video cards. Compact cases are suitable for assembly, which is designed for undemanding tasks.

Another important point system block, on which the subsequent placement of components depends. Currently, two form factors are actively used: AT and ATX. It is important to remember that the motherboard must have the same form factor, otherwise it simply will not fit.

What is included in the system unit

As a rule, a power supply is included in the basic configuration of the case, which eliminates the need for a separate purchase. Of course, if you want, you can easily replace it.
So, the main components:

• motherboard;
• power unit;
• CPU;
• HDD;

Motherboard

The most important part of any system unit, without which work is impossible. Its main task is to connect all the components and ensure joint functioning. It is the largest and most visible part of the block. The motherboard has connectors for connecting components and peripherals.

The motherboard connectors are displayed on the back wall of the system unit. All of them are color coded. This is done to facilitate the correct connection of other devices (keyboard, mouse, monitor, audio speakers). After all, their plugs (most often) have the appropriate color.

Power Supply

Responsible for power distribution for each component. It has a set of connectors on the front panel, through which the rest of the system is connected. Usually comes with a case, but can be replaced with a more powerful one. In the picture above, the power supply occupies a position at the bottom of the case, but most often it is located at the top.

CPU

It is considered the heart or brain of the PC. It is a silicon crystal grown and processed using special technologies. Responsible for processing information, processors from Intel and AMD are especially popular.

It is completed with a cooling system, which is represented by a fan and a radiator, or only the latter. It is installed in the designated place on the motherboard. The cost depends on the tasks that will be assigned to the processor, it can reach several thousand dollars.

video card

Without this component, you will not be able to work with graphic programs, and the games will not start. Almost every modern processor has a built-in graphics adapter, which is sufficient for simple tasks. But gamers will have to buy a separate video card. How to connect? Of course, to the motherboard, which has special slots. There are many models on the market, aimed at different tasks of users.

RAM

Needed to store information processed by the processor. True, RAM works while the PC is turned on, after turning it off - everything disappears. The more of it, the better. A lot of memory provides high speed processing of user data. RAM is small strips that are inserted into special slots. In addition to volume, important characteristic is the memory type.

HDD

Unlike RAM, hard drives required to store persistent user data. Their main characteristic is volume, which today is measured in gigabytes and terabytes. Volume hard drive depends on the tasks of the user. Recently, HDDs have been replaced by SSDs (hard drives without mechanical parts). They work faster, do not make noise and practically do not heat up.

Sound card

Modern computer impossible to imagine without the ability to reproduce sound. This device is intended for sound information, which is most often already integrated into system board and has sufficient characteristics to reproduce sound information. But for professional sound processing on a computer, a separate sound card (internal or external) is required.

This is where we will end. We will talk about how to connect the components of the system unit together next time. Share the article with your friends. See you soon!

In conclusion, I suggest watching a cool video about self assembly system block of the computer from the channel " A good choice!"

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