Installing the Debian operating system. Installing Debian Linux

Install the program to create a bootable USB flash drive (Live USB). There are many programs that allow you to create bootable flash drives. UNetBootin is available for Windows users, Mac OS X and Linux. Later in the article we will use this program.

• If you choose to use a different program, these instructions will also work with most programs that allow you to create bootable flash drives.

Download the disk image. Go to the Debian website and open the "Where to get Debian" tab. Here you can download both a small and a full installation image. Choose the one that suits you best.

• Download a small installation image if your computer is connected to the Internet.
• Download the full image if your computer is not connected to the Internet. This image contains more packages, making it easier to install on devices without an Internet connection.
  • Since the file can take a long time to download, use the download option via a torrent client. If you have BitTorrent installed on your computer, downloading the file will be much faster.

Run the program to create a bootable USB flash drive. Open the Windows start menu and type "UNetBootin" into search string. Launch Spotlight on Mac OS X and enter the same keyword. You will most likely be prompted to run the program with administrator rights. Enter the password and press Enter.

Open the image file. Click on the Disk Image radio button. Make sure ISO Standard is checked in the drop-down menu, then click the button on the right to open File Explorer. In this window, find ISO file and open it.

Write the installer to a flash drive. Make sure the "Type" drop down menu at the bottom of the window is " USB device” and that the correct drive is selected in the “Media” menu. This is very important, because the wrong choice can result in formatting another flash drive, or worse, formatting hard disk. Click on the "OK" button to start creating a bootable USB flash drive.

• This process may take some time. Save and close everything open windows because the installation requires a restart of the computer.

Restart your computer and enter the boot menu. Save your current work and restart your computer. When the manufacturer's splash screen appears on the monitor, a key will be indicated in the lower corner/on the bottom line of the screen, with which you can enter the boot menu. Press this key on your keyboard.

• If this option was not there, most likely it is hidden in the BIOS. Enter the BIOS and go to the " boot menu» (Download menu).
• If your computer does not have a key to enter the boot menu or BIOS when you boot up, look up your computer model on the Internet and find out which key to press. As a rule, these are the F2, F11, F12 or Del keys.
• In the boot menu, the flash drive will be indicated by the manufacturer's name (Lexar, SanDisk, and so on) or "Debian + OS name and version number." Select this option to download the setup file.

Follow the instructions in the installation wizard. Connect your computer to your modem via an Ethernet cable so you don't lose your Internet connection during installation. Enter the required information at each step. If you want to install Debian side by side with another operating system, such as Windows, you will be given the option to partition your hard drive at the end of the installation.

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Installing the Debian operating system on a computer. Step-by-step instruction. To get started, download the distribution of the system. Gnome desktop environment. Downloading from the official site - download debian. If debian version 9 is required, download you can here. Choose the version, 32 (i386) bits or 64 (amd64) and download method, via torrent or directly. I recommend torrent as it will be faster.

Installing a Debian system

After the image is downloaded and written to a USB flash drive (or other media), but it is better to use a USB flash drive from it, the system will install faster. I told you how to write an image to a USB flash drive, I will not repeat myself. So the image was recorded. Now boot from it.

Debian installation. Select "Graphical install" with cursor keys and press "Enter" to run the installer.

On the first page, select the language that suits you and click the "Continue" button.

Now select a keyboard layout. And on the next page, the layout switching method.

I will leave the default. Alt + shift suits me. Then enter the computer name. It can be set to whatever you like.

In the next window, you need to specify the domain address if the computer is part of a domain. If you have a network without a domain or not at all local network you can leave nothing or enter localhost.

Click continue and proceed to the creation regular user. Under this account you will work in the system.

Enter your name and click continue. The account login will be shown (usually the same as the name specified in the previous step). It can be changed.

Now we set a password for a regular user and continue.

Specify the city and time zone and continue.

Let's move on to disk partitioning. You can select automatic mode. But I prefer to manually partition the disk. Therefore, we choose this mode.

All disks in the system will be displayed. Select the one you want to install debian on. In my case, there is only one disk, so I will choose it.

The disk is not marked. Therefore, you need to create a partition table. Click "Yes" and continue.

There was a disk on which there is a free place. Now let's create three sections. Click continue or double-click on the highlighted line.

Choose. Create a new section. Proceed.

First we create a swap partition. I will make it 4 gigabytes in size.

Select partition type "Logical". Leave the location "Start".

Here in the paragraph "Use as:" double-click or click the continue button.

A window will appear with the option to select available file systems.

Select "Swap Partition" and click Continue.

Select the item "Partition configuration is finished" and continue.

As you can see in the screenshot, the swap partition has been created. Next, let's create the root partition. Select an empty seat and click Continue.

This time choose the partition type "Primary" and the location "Start".

Debian installer offers us immediately desired type file system (ext4) and mount point "/" root. I'm happy with these settings. But they can be changed by double-clicking the mouse or by selecting the desired item with the cursor keys and pressing the "Continue" button.

You can leave only the root partition the system will work. But I recommend making another section for users. It's called "/home". It is created in the same way as the root one, only select /home as the mount point.

The result should be three sections as shown in the figure.

• Swap partition (podk)
• Root (/)
• User directories (/home)

Disk setup is complete. Select "Finish partitioning and burn to disk" click "Continue"

Check all parameters carefully! Have you chosen the correct disk, file system, sizes. After applying the settings, all information will be lost!

After making sure the settings are correct. Select "Yes" and click continue.

The disk will be marked and the installation of the system will begin.

After copying the files, you will be prompted to configure the package manager. If you have unlimited and stable Internet, I recommend enabling archive mirrors from the network. Select "Yes" and click continue.

Choose the country. To make the download speed faster. Select the country that is closest to you. But this is optional. Choose any from the list.

Also select a server. Let's continue.

After the installation of the debian operating system on your computer is complete. Remove all bootable media: flash drives, disks. And click continue. The computer will restart. Log in to the system and start using.

For clarity, I recorded a video - How to install debian on a computer:

Installing with debian netinstall

The so-called network installer "network install". Download iso image you can visit the website debian.org There is a link in the top right corner of the header.

This method is suitable primarily for those who know exactly what they want to install. Another plus is that all packages will be the freshest.

It's important to understand. For such an installation, you must have a stable, fast and unlimited (or very cheap) Internet. All packages are downloaded over the network. Therefore, the installation of the system will be longer in time.

If you chose to install two environments, then during the installation you will need to select display manager. Briefly. You will see this menu before starting the system. Here you will need to select a user and enter a password. The language and desktop environment are also selected here. For example, install Gnome and XFCE. Choice between lightdm and gdm3.

VIDEO: Installing Debian with netinstall (network install)

With the release of Debian 10 in live cd mode it became possible to install the system using the Calamares installer.

VIDEO: Debian 10 installation with Calamares from Live-cd:

I have prepared a list of the most requested terminal commands:

https://yadi.sk/d/5MX6QXFm3LkLHM

When I first met Linux, the question immediately arose of which distribution to choose, since it turned out that there are a lot of them and they are all different. After a long study of various materials, I decided to start learning Linux with Debian. And why exactly with Debian? The answer is very simple:

• Debian has a wealth of information on the Internet.
• Debian is not a very young system and has a very large community.
• Debian is stable and well tested.
• Many popular distributions (Ubuntu, Mint, etc.) are based on Debian. Accordingly, having studied it, we can use them.

Where to begin?
And we will start by downloading the distribution from the official Debian website.
After going to the site, in the upper right corner, click Download Debian

After the download is complete, we have a distribution image of the latest stable version of Debian.

To install it, you need to cut it to disk, or create installation flash drive or if you plan to install Debian in a virtual machine, mount it in a virtual drive. How to install operating systems on virtual machines we will look at in another article.

Let's start installing Debian.

The first thing we see when we run the installation is start page installation.

Choose advanced options

The next window is the installation menu. Here we just click continue.

In the next window, select a location and click Proceed

In the next window, you do not need to select anything, just click Proceed

In the next window, click several times Proceed until we get to the keyboard settings

In the keyboard settings, select Russian and press Proceed

In the next keyboard settings window, select the method for switching the keyboard language and click Proceed

Next install menu item Finding and Mounting a CD-ROM. There is no need to choose anything, just click a few times Proceed

In the next menu item Downloading Installer Components from CD here we also do not select anything, just press several times Proceed

Next item Definition network card pressProceed.

Here we select as you need to manually enter network parameters or automatically. We press Proceed

In the next window, enter the computer name and click Proceed

In the next window, enter Domain name(if your computer is not in the domain, then you can just localhost) and click Proceed

Next menu item Setting accounts users and passwords press Proceed

Leave everything as it is and click Proceed

In the next window, enter the superuser password and click Proceed

In the next window, create a regular user

Next menu item Disk detection press Proceed and go to Disk Partitioning

Choose manually

You can partition a disk in different ways (for certain needs and tasks) within the framework of this article, we use the easiest way to partition the entire disk. You can read more about Linux partitions and options for proper partitioning in the article Partitions and disk partitioning in Linux.

Select the disk to partition

Proceed

In the next window, select a free space and click Proceed

In the next window, you will be prompted to create required disks manually specifying their size or allow the system to automatically mark the free area. In the case of automatic layout, you will be offered several layout options.

We select Automatically mark free space and click Proceed

In the next window, you will be offered 3 options for partitioning the disk.

In the next window, select Yes and click Proceed

In the next window, leave everything unchanged and click Proceed

We are waiting for the installation of the base system

It is better to use the repository of your country, packages will be downloaded faster.

In the next window, do not change anything. We press Proceed.

Your choice in the next window will depend appearance your desktop. You can select multiple desktops and desktops and choose the one you want when you log in.

The next window will prompt you to install the bootloader. The default is Yes, do not change anything, click Proceed.

Specify where to install

We are waiting for the download to finish.

If the installation was successful, we will see an information window about the completion of the installation and that we can boot the system. We press Proceed, the machine reboots and the system boots.

After the system boots up, we will see an authorization window for logging into Debian. Enter the username and password that we created during the installation process and click To come in

Well that's all. Congratulations! You have just installed the Debian Linux operating system.

After two years of development, the long-awaited stable release of the Debian 9 distribution has arrived. This is the distribution that contains the most stable versions packages is very well tested and is therefore often used on servers where increased stability is required.

The new version brought not so many changes, the main ones are the transition to MariaDB, improved UEFI support, updated many packages, and much more. Read more about what's new in Debian 9 in a separate article, and today we'll look at how Debian 9 Stretch is installed on a computer or laptop.

Preparing for installation

Before we move on to installing the system, you need to prepare everything, download the images, burn them to disks or a USB flash drive, and also configure the BIOS.

Step 1: Download the image

You can download the image on the official website. Open the link labeled stable release, then select the desired architecture and format:

Then all you have to do is download desired images. The developers provide three disks, they have all the necessary packages, but only the first one will be enough for installation, in this case all other packages will be downloaded via the Internet.

Step 2. Write the image to media

You can use k3b to write to disk in Linux, and in Windows Ultra ISO. We will not dwell on this. Now it is more popular to write an image to a USB flash drive. If you downloaded only one image, then everything is simple here, you will only need to write it using the dd utility:

dd if=~/debian.iso of=/dev/sdc1

Here /dev/sdc1 is the device name of your flash drive. You can also use Unetbootin or any other utility. But if you downloaded all three images and want to use them during installation, then you need another flash drive, just extract their contents into separate folders on that flash drive.

Step 3Setting up the BIOS

After everything is ready, all that remains is to configure the BIOS to boot from the media. To do this, restart your computer and click Del, F8, F2 or Shift+F2 during the BIOS splash screen. Next, go to the tab Boot and select there in the section Boot Device Priority your device comes first.

Installing debian 9 from a flash drive is almost the same as installing from disk, only you need to select the correct device in the BIOS.

Installing Debian 9

Now let's take a closer look at how Debian 9 is installed. It's important to note that the installer has changed a bit in terms of interface, but the workflow has remained the same.

Step 4 Installation Method

Immediately after the reboot, the installation image will start, in the first step we have to choose the installation method:

I will consider graphical installation "Graphical".

Step 5 System Language

In the next step, select the language in which you want to use Debian:

Step 6 Location

Step 7 Keyboard Layout

Select the second keyboard layout and then the key to change layouts:

Step 8Computer Name

Wait for the package manager and network setup operations to complete, and then specify the name of your computer:

Step 9. Setting up a superuser

Enter the superuser password twice:

Step 10Setting up a standard user

Enter the full username that will be displayed on the panel and in the login menu:

Enter username:

The last step, creating a password:

Step 11. Disk partitioning

if you have blank disk, you can choose the layout automatically and the system will create such sections as needed for the most correct work. But in this article we will consider manual disk partitioning. Therefore, in the wizard's question about markup, select "Manually":

Step 12Partition Table

Select the device on which you want to install Debian 9:

If the disk is clean, the utility will prompt you to create new table sections:

Step 13 Bootloader Section

It's time to create the first partition, we will make a partition for the bootloader. This section is recommended if you have several Linux distributions on the computer, and also if you use LVM, in other cases the partition is not needed.

Select "Free place" and press "Proceed". In the menu that opens, select "Create a new partition". Next, specify the file system "ext2", label Boot, reservation - 0%. The mount point is /boot. Most important parameter- mount point, everything else is not so important. You also need to set "Label bootable" into position "On".

When done, click on "Partition configuration completed".

Step 14 Root Partition

It is created similar to the previous section, only you need to use more than 10 GB of disk space and a mount point "/" .

You can take any file system suitable for the root, for example, ext4, btrfs, xfs, but not ntfs or fat.

Step 15Swap Partition

Everything is similar, only the file system is "Paging space", and the size must be equal to the number random access memory in the event that you want to use the hibernation mode.

Step 16Home Partition

Under the home partition, you can allocate all the space left from the previous partitions. Your files, videos, music will be stored here. The mount point is /home/. File system of your choice, but not NFTS or FAT.

Step 17 Finishing the Markup

Once everything is ready, select "Disk Setup Complete":

In the next window, click "Yes", to confirm the write changes.

Step 18. Installing the system

Wait until the installation of the basic components of the distribution is completed, this may take up to ten minutes:

Step 19Additional Software

As for several discs that we recorded, at this stage they can be scanned and then inserted if necessary:

It can take a long time to install and download packages from the Internet.

Step 20Installing the Bootloader

Confirm that the bootloader needs to be installed:

Then choose a section for it:

Step 21 Finish

After a few more seconds, the program will report that the Debian installation is complete and you can restart your computer:

Step 22. Starting the system

From the Grub menu, select the first item:

Step 23 Login

Select the user you created during installation and enter its password:

Step 24 Done

Here is the desktop. Now the system is completely ready for use and you can proceed to its personalization and customization.

conclusions

Now you know how to install Debian 9 on a computer via GUI. It's simple enough. Installing the system on a server using pseudographics will be a little more complicated, but all the same steps are used there, perhaps we will consider it in one of the following articles. I hope this information was helpful to you.