What is a client on a computer. Installing Windows on client computers

Client computer (client)- a computer connected to a network, the main purpose of which is to provide user access to network resources.

Global network is a computer network of a global scale, which includes local networks used for sharing access to the world's information resources.

Knot global network - this is a software and hardware complex, serviced by the appropriate personnel and acting as a regional control center for the global network.

WAN node functions:

1) Support for the functioning of the regional network segment.

2) Work on changing the structure of the network segment (its increase or decrease).

3) Support for the functioning of regional resources (i.e. big bases data).

The host complex can include both servers and client computers.

Switched communication channels.

Dedicated communication channels.

Switched channel provides a temporary connection to computers on the network through

general-purpose telephone network (via the PBX switch).

dedicated channel provides a permanent connection to network computers through the following types of connection:

Dedicated copper pair ( phone line).

· Coaxial cable.

· twisted pair.

· Optical fiber.

· Radio channel.

· satellite channel.

· Air optical channel (infrared channel).

Service is a program running on servers, through which access to information and computing resources is provided.

Basic global network servicesInternet

1.Web service

web service(www) is a technology for accessing information resource through the Web site. This is the most used network service.

Web site is a collection of related documents. Hyperlinks are used to link such documents.

· Personal Web Server is a program with which we can regulate the operation of the Web service. (Within local computer).

Internet Information Service - more than full version previous program.

2.FTP service

This service provides remote access to the server file system.

There is also the concept FTP site is a group of files, folders located in the server file system to which remote access is provided.

As part of the FTP service, there are tools for transferring files in large volumes and the ability to retransmit data from the point where the first transfer was interrupted.

3.Service Email(E-mail)

Designed to send information to a specific user of the global network (Internet). Each user has email box is a folder on the server,

where user messages are stored.

4. Teleconferencing service

This service is also called the newsgroup server (NEWS). It allows all network users to participate in group discussions in which various issues are discussed.

Newsgroup is a place where a discussion takes place on a particular topic. (This is the folder on the server's hard drive where discussion participants' messages are stored.)

Network AddressingInternet

The transmission of information in global networks is carried out (mostly) in packet mode. The information or file is broken into packets and transmitted independently of each other, and then reassembled into a whole information (file).

Fiber channel Satellite channel

routing node packets Radio channel

Each transmitted packet must receive an acknowledgment when it reaches the recipient. (That is, the sender must receive confirmation that the packet has reached the recipient).

Protocol is a set of rules and commands that determines the transfer of information in networks (any).

network protocol defines transmission at the packet level (low level), and application protocol defines the transfer of information at the level of services (that is, information of a higher level).

WAN addressing- This is a system of unique names (addresses) that allows you to transfer information in a certain direction.

Network addressing allows us to locate a computer on the global network.

Application addressing– sets the location of information units. (Examples of information units are Web site, FTP site, file, etc.).

At the network level, the following types of addresses are distinguished:

1. IP address– a unique computer name in the global network. (For example, 192.168.0.1 is a four-digit address. Each digit can contain from one to three digits (numbers from 0 to 255).

It is the IP address that is used to send and receive packets.

2.Domain address- also designed to determine the location of computers on the network.

www.kirov.ru - (consists of letters, some of which add up to words). Points to a computer named www located in Kirov, Russia.

en- a first-level domain (this is a group of computers that are part of Russian segment Internet networks).

kirov– second-level domain (in this case, it refers to computers that are part of the Kirov network segment).

A computer network is a system in which relevant information is exchanged between the devices that make up this network. Minimum Requirements basic set components included in the communication model - receiver, source, message and transmission medium.

One of the central components of any network is server.

Server is software that runs on a computer and provides customers with certain resources. For example, an email server is a program that participates in the process of exchanging electronic messages.

Next central component will client-system A that uses the services provided by the server. The client itself does not provide any services to other clients. In most cases client name the user and his computer.

A computer network includes all software and Hardware, which is necessary to connect computers and other electronic equipment to a channel through which they can communicate with each other. Several devices that communicate with each other on a network are nodes, hosts, stations, or network devices.

Peer-to-Peer Networks

In the case when all network nodes perform the same type of communication functions, they are called equal, and the interaction between such nodes is peer-to-peer. In peer-to-peer networks, a node can simultaneously act as both a client and a server.

CLIENT-SERVER NETWORKS

There is another type of network, which consists of many client computers that communicate with one or more servers. A client-server network allows centralized access to a service, applications and/or devices. Such networks are more efficient because resources are mostly concentrated on the server, while in peer-to-peer networks, resources are distributed throughout the network.

Client (software)

IN information technology customer is a hardware or software component computing system The one that sends requests to the server.

The client program communicates with the server using a specific protocol. It can request any data from the server, manipulate data directly on the server, launch new processes on the server, etc. The client program can provide the data received from the server to the user or use it in some other way, depending on the purpose of the program. The client program and the server program can run on the same computer or on different ones. In the second case, a network connection is used to exchange information between them.

The types of clients are terminals- workstations on multi-user computers, equipped with a monitor with a keyboard, and not able to work without a server. In the 90s, network computers appeared - something between a terminal and personal computer. networked computers have a simplified structure and largely depend on the server.

However, a client does not always mean a computer with weak computing resources. Most often, the concepts of "client" and "server" describe the distribution of roles in the performance of a specific task, and not computing power. Programs that perform both client and server functions can run on the same computer at the same time. For example, a web server may, as a client, receive data for generating pages from

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

See what "Client (software)" is in other dictionaries:

Software, a platform for visual design automated systems enterprise management based on the concepts of CRM and ERP. Developed by BMicro (Russia, St. Petersburg) This is a commercial software ... ... Wikipedia

client (in information technology)- client software client A user, computer, or program that requests services, resources, data, or processing from another program or computer. The computer from which the server is accessed for the purpose of exchanging or receiving ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

In information technology, a client is a hardware or software component of a computer system that sends requests to a server. The client program communicates with the server using a specific protocol. She can query with ... Wikipedia

Client: Client (from lat. cliens, pl. clientes) in ancient Rome, a free citizen who surrendered under the patronage of the patron and is dependent on him. Client is the general name of the entity using some services. ... ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Client. A client is a hardware or software component of a computer system that sends requests to a server. A client program communicates with a server using a specific ... Wikipedia

"Software" redirects here. See also other meanings. Software (pronunciation software is not recommended, more precisely, it was not recommended), along with hardware, is the most important component of information ... Wikipedia

The Applications software package (Application PC) automates the process of creating, reviewing and processing dispatch applications for the repair of power equipment in accordance with the rules, regulations and regulations adopted in the Unified ... ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Sail (meanings). Software products "PARUS" (PP "PARUS") are designed to automate the activities of commercial enterprises and budget institutions different levels. Among the PP lines ... ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Sail (meanings). Sail series software products designed to automate the activities of organizations in the sector of state and municipal government, as well as commercial ... ... Wikipedia

"Client-Bank" system - – software package, which allows the client to make transactions on the account, exchange documents and information with the bank without visiting the office of a credit institution. The exchange of information takes place through the telephone and computer. Convenient system "Client ... ... Banking Encyclopedia

Books

• E-Commerce and Optimization Computer Technologies, V. E. Lichtenstein. Currently, there is an increase in the turnover of e-commerce both in the business-to-customer sector and in the business-to-business sector all over the world. Electronic commerce systems (e-commerce)…

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client computer- The computer that is being used as workstation in the client-server system. [L.M. Nevdyaev. Telecommunication technologies. English Russian dictionary directory. Edited by Yu.M. Gornostaev. Moscow, 2002] Topics telecommunications, ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

This term has other meanings, see Proxy (meanings). Proxy server (from English proxy "representative, authorized") service (complex of programs) in computer networks, allowing clients to perform indirect queries ... Wikipedia

- (RIS) component of Microsoft server operating systems for remote installation of operating systems of the Windows 2000/XP/2003 family via local network. RIS contains the following components: Boot Information Negotiation Layer ... ... Wikipedia

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Storage Area Network (SAN) is an architectural solution for connecting external devices data storage such as disk arrays, tape libraries, optical drives to servers such ... ... Wikipedia

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- (from the English proxy "representative, authorized") a service in computer networks that allows clients to make indirect requests to other network services. First, the client connects to the proxy server and requests some kind of resource (for example, e ... ... Wikipedia

Proxy server (from the English proxy “representative, authorized”) is a service in computer networks that allows clients to make indirect requests to other network services. First, the client connects to the proxy server and requests some kind of resource ... ... Wikipedia

front-end- Subsystem of additional typesetting text processing; Located at the beginning; Donating (about the process); Front end customer; client computer; Preprocessing; Input; External; Designed for data preprocessing… Brief explanatory dictionary of polygraphy

Name: Teletype network Level (according to the OSI model): Applied Family: TCP / IP Port / ID: 23 / TCP Purpose of the protocol: virtual text terminal Specification: RFC 854 / STD 8 ... Wikipedia

Client computers are the main working tool of network users. In networks, there are incomparably more of them than servers, and the peace of mind of users and the work of the entire team as a whole depend on their serviceability. But their number can be a nightmare for administrators who must install and configure the operating system and applications on them.

If you only need to configure a few workstations, you can dedicate a day or two to customization. Installing the OS from a CD takes about an hour, the rest of the time will be taken up by setting up the system and installing applications. If there are several dozen computers on your network, you will probably be interested in other installation methods, if possible automatic, which will significantly reduce your work time.

The easiest way is when the hardware configuration of all client computers is the same. Firstly, it allows you to install by disk cloning, that is, in the shortest possible time. Secondly, knowing exactly what the configuration of a particular user's computer looks like, the administrator is always ready to help him cope with the difficulty.

In this article, we will look at different ways OS installation on client computers and discuss in detail how to carry out this installation.

What is a client?

A client is a computer that is the opposite of a server. If the server offers its services on the network, then the client uses these services. An example of such a use would be accessing documents located on a server, printing to printers connected to print servers, or, for example, requesting an IP address from a DHCP server.

The client role of a computer does not depend on which OS is installed on it. Workstations in an organization's network should have Windows XP Professional or Windows 2003 Professional installed.

The client computer can also act as a server: for example, when you allow your colleagues access to your disk for the purpose of holding a meeting, or allow them to print on a printer connected to your computer. However, such cases are rather the exception, and if you do intend to use them, remember that the client operating system allows simultaneous connection no more than 10 "secondary" clients. This number cannot be increased otherwise than by transferring desired application to the server platform.

Preparing for installation

Compliance with system requirements

Before starting installation operating system on the client computer, you must prepare all the information that you will need during installation. Your computer hardware must also meet the following system requirements.

Processor type and speed

To install an operating Windows systems XP Professional requires at least a 233 MHz Pentium II processor (300 MHz recommended). Windows 2003 Professional requires at least a 133 MHz Pentium processor.

RAM

Windows XP Professional requires 64 MB of RAM (128 MB recommended). Windows 2003 Professional requires 32 MB of RAM (64 MB recommended).

Volume hard drive

At least 1.5 GB of free hard disk space is required to install Windows, and at least 1 GB to install Windows 2003 Professional. In addition, you need space for additional components Windows and for future Service Pack updates (these updates contain bug fixes and add new features).

Device Compatibility

What is the point of having the latest video card if there is no driver for it for your operating system? Before installing the OS, you should make sure that all your hardware is compatible with it. A list of devices that have been tested for compatibility (HCL, Hardware Compatibility List) can be found at http://www.microsoft. com/hcl. This list includes both individual devices and entire computer models, and for some devices you can also find tested drivers.

If you have latest model computer or some devices of the latest generation, it may happen that you will not find them in the above list. This is not surprising: rigorous testing continues certain time. In this case, you will have to search for required driver(usually found on the device manufacturer's website) and install it manually.

Note
You can risk installing an unverified driver on a client computer. The worst thing that this threatens is the incorrect or unstable operation of the device, which is not too critical for a workstation.

File system limits

Characteristics of file systems, which can also serve as a basis for choosing one of them, are shown in the table.

Disk capacity

The minimum required free disk space has already been discussed above. What should be maximum size disk?

It is common practice to host all user data on servers. This is beneficial both in terms of security, because the servers are usually well protected, and in terms of user mobility: this data is available from any computer on the network. The client workstation disk should only hold the operating system, the applications the user is running, and possibly local data. It is necessary to warn users that only the user is responsible for the safety of local data, and in case of any failure, the administrator will not restore them.

If the user needs these data, he must perform them himself. backup to removable media.

It remains only to note that it is most reasonable to use time-tested brands and models of hard drives.

Physical and logical disk structure

In the vast majority of cases, one physical disk is enough for the current work on the workstation. The exceptions are those cases when the user needs high performance of the disk subsystem (for example, when the computer is used for graphics processing) or when the station has organized RAID array in order to improve reliability and/or performance.

The logical structure of the disk determines whether only one C: partition or several partitions will be available to the user. On a workstation, one partition is sufficient. The argument about the need to logically separate the operating system from the data does not work here, because the data (the My Documents folder) is stored on the server. Moreover, for some users, the presence of several partitions will simply confuse.

Note
Nevertheless, the two partitions C: and D: remain the most common hard disk structure. Section C: 10 Go contains the operating system and standard applications: Microsoft office, archivers, file managers. In the D: partition, which occupies the rest of the physical disk space, install applications that require disk space and exclusive access, as well as setup files, drivers and not very important documents. For example, Adobe program Photoshop is not recommended to be installed on the partition where the paging file is located, that is, on the system partition.

File system

During the installation of the operating system, you will need to format HDD any of the file systems: FAT, FAT32 or NTFS. Now we will discuss what should be guided by when choosing a file system.

Purpose of the computer

If the computer is supposed to install several operating systems (this configuration is called multi-boot, or a system with boot options), then for the partition with data that needs to be accessed from each operating system, you should choose a file system that they “understand” all. The operating systems themselves must be installed on partitions with their native file systems. So, MS DOS can only be installed on FAT16, not on FAT32 or NTFS.

Number and volume of hard drives

Along with the increase in disk capacity, the ability to select a file system is limited. For example, partitions larger than 32 GB cannot be formatted with any file system other than NTFS. Windows XP Professional and Windows 2003 Professional can handle FAT32 partitions larger than 32 GB, but cannot create them. If you still need a FAT32 partition larger than 32 GB, boot from boot disk Windows 98 or Windows Millennium Edition and use the Format utility found on this disc.

Security Requirements

the only file system, which is able to protect files or folders on a hard drive from unauthorized access, is NTFS. none of FAT systems does not have this ability.

Additional file system requirements

If you need features such as disk quotas, data compression or encryption, symbolic links to folders (Junction Points), then you should choose only NTFS.

From the above data it follows that if only Windows XP Professional (or Windows 2003 Professional) is installed on the computer, it will be appropriate to format the disk with the NTFS file system.

Required Information

Please have the following information ready before starting the installation:

♦ The username and organization name to which the product is registered. This information will be displayed in the System Information window of the program. Subsequently, they can be changed by editing the system registry.

Note.
When installing Windows XP Professional, you cannot specify Administrator as the username.

♦ Product Key code (usually found on reverse side boxes from the CD-ROM disc). If you are installing from media obtained through the Microsoft Volume Licensing program, obtain this code from your organization's software vendor.

♦ Computer name. It must be unique within the network. It is more correct to form computer names not from the names of their users, but from the purpose, location or administrative affiliation of the workstations themselves.

♦ Local administrator password (Administrator or Administrator user). One of these two accounts is created during system installation. Since this Account receives administrator privileges, her password must meet security requirements.

♦ Title working group, which will include the computer.

After collecting all this information, you can proceed with the installation of the Windows operating system.