Modern market of information products and services. The structure of the information services market (the most important components)

Our society has almost completely moved from an industrial to a post-industrial system, since information has become as important for any sphere of life as labor, financial or material resources.

The demand for information services and products is growing every day, therefore, clearly regulated relations are being created between consumers and IT technology providers, and the totality of all legal, economic and organizational systems is called a market information services.

Components of the market of information products and services are closely related to each other, they are used individually or in combination.

This concept is considered as an independent economic unit, since information is exchanged on a commercial basis in the market. Both the seller and the buyer receive mutual benefit from cooperation, since each of the parties fully satisfies their needs.

information products is the result of intellectual activity, which is presented in the form of a product. Information products are designed in accordance with the requirements of the buyer, they include databases, software, documentary archives, etc.

Information Services also focused on meeting consumer demand for information. These include training, telecommunications maintenance, consulting, search and selection of information and other operations that are carried out by professionals on a commercial basis.

Main sectors of the information market

Business information, which is divided into 5 parts:

• Exchange and financial - special financial and exchange information services provide securities quotes, prices, exchange rates and other financial information;


• Statistical - data statistical studies and forecasts in a wide variety of areas, which are supplied by government services or consulting agencies;


• Commercial - includes all information about companies, firms and enterprises, the specifics of their work, development and other factors, is supplied by special companies.

Information for specialists is divided into the following categories:

• Professional - special information intended strictly for specialists in certain areas (doctors, lawyers, builders, etc.);


• Scientific and technical - provided in the field of natural, technical and social sciences, divided into areas of human activity. Examples include dissertations, bibliographies, abstracts, reference books and similar data;


• Access to primary sources is organized through libraries and special services. An example would be access to electronic copies dissertations, which are necessary for conducting a wide variety of research.

Consumer information consists of the following categories:

• News and literature - electronic magazines, libraries, reference books, news portals;


• Consumer information - provided for booking tickets, hotel rooms, purchasing goods and services, making financial calculations and other transactions;


• Entertaining - various games, music, teletext.

Services for education can be provided for such institutions:

• preschool;


• School;


• Special;


• Middle professional;


• higher;


• Advanced training and retraining.

Products for providing information systems and tools:

• Software products of various orientations;


• System software;


• Technical means - from computers and office equipment to components;


• Development and maintenance of information technologies and systems;


• Consulting activities in the IT industry;


• Creation of information sources according to a given scheme.

How IT technologies help in doing business

Any sphere of human activity is now associated with IT technologies, since without them it is simply impossible to competently and rationally organize any educational or work process.

The components of the information products and services market are very popular because they help manage personnel and finances, organize production, conduct marketing research, conduct leasing and many other operations.

Where to choose the most effective information products for any field of activity

The exhibition dedicated to IT technologies, which will be held at the Expocentre Fairgrounds, will help every entrepreneur choose the most effective information tools or ready-made solutions.

The components of the information products and services market will be represented by leading Russian and foreign companies, so you can find the most suitable employees to achieve any goals.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

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Introduction

1. Essence of information and information services and products

2. Characteristics of the main sectors of the information services market

2.1. Business Information Sector

a) Stock and financial information

b) Economic and demographic statistics

c) Commercial Information

d) Business news

2.2. Sector of information for specialists

a) Professional information

b) Scientific and technical information

c) Access to primary sources

2.3. Sector of mass, consumer information

a) News and literature

b) Consumer and entertainment information

3. State and development trends of the Russian market of information products and services

Conclusion

List of used literature

INTRODUCTION

In our life every day more and more importance and attention is paid to information, methods of its transmission and importance for certain categories of citizens. The Internet has firmly entered our lives. Many of us already have a bad idea of ​​​​life without it, because through it you can not only get mass useful information, but also to communicate with people with whom in real life it is not possible to communicate.

The purpose of this work is to consider the essence of information and information services, to find their similarities and differences.

In this work, we will consider the classification of information and information services. We are faced with the task of determining the circle of users for each sector of information, assessing the value of this or that type of information.

In conclusion of this work, it is necessary to assess the state and development trends of the information services market in our country. It is necessary to find similarities and differences from similar markets of foreign countries. We will also consider the positive and negative aspects of the development of the information products and services market in Russia.

1. ESSENCE OF INFORMATION AND INFORMATION SERVICES AND PRODUCTS.

An important concept for identifying the essence of information and information services and products in a market economy is the concept of the useful effect of labor. K. Marx used this concept to refer to things and actions that cannot act as products, goods or services, since their properties do not meet such requirements for a product and product as homogeneity, mass character and reproducibility, or such a requirement for a service as focus on value added production. These things and actions acquire the market form of a product or service due to the price, but this does not actually become a product or service.

Information or smart product , a product of spiritual or non-material production, as well as An information product and service is a useful effect of labor in the form of a thing or action that:

- designed by their manufacturer to deliver certain knowledge to the recipient;

They are able to replenish the knowledge of the latter without carrying out any special additional actions, i.e. reading, watching, listening.

Data or knowledge can only become information for the consumer when it is perceived by him, understood by him and, finally, useful, at least potentially, for solving some task or problem facing him.

Most of the information services and products are related to the reproduction, copying on a mass scale of the above-mentioned services and products and represent material benefits that satisfy spiritual needs.

In economic analysis, information services and products should not be identified with information proper. Information in most cases is not the result of information activity, it comes there from the outside, from other spheres of social production and society.

Information is a non-decreasing and reproducible resource for the life support of society. For the development of society, it is necessary to attract not only existing, but also new information resources, replace old ones with more promising ones, and increase the share of systematic and theoretical, rather than simple empirical and experimentally obtained knowledge.

Services to transform information and ensure consumer access to it are precisely the main results information industry - information services, which, along with the real form of use values, can also have an intangible form - they can act as a useful effect of labor, inseparable from the very activity of serving the consumer.

Some use-values ​​created in information activities can indeed act as commodities and have a value. Others do not, and, having the form of use value, in fact, in their essence, represent the useful effects of labor in a material form.

Since in practice prices have not only commodities that have value, but also the useful effect of labor, it is necessary to distinguish between a commodity and a commodity form. The commodity as a category of political economy is the unity of use value and value, which is its essence. Due to price, the commodity form can be obtained by things that are not commodities and even products of labor, and it may not express the essence of the commodity as a unity of use-value and value.

For information services in non-material form, the processes of production and consumption coincide in time, which determines a number of their specific features as use values. In most cases, these services are individualized, cannot be accumulated, have a certain targeting and cannot exist outside of individual contact with the consumer, are not subject to storage, and are oriented to local markets.

Information services in non-material form account for an ever smaller share of the results of labor in the information industry. More and more information services in real form are approaching the products of material production, although they retain a number of features. The technical and economic characteristics of these services, the technologies used that are close to industrial methods of production, the high and constantly growing capital-labor ratio of information production, based on the use of a large fleet of technical means, the processes of intensification of expanded reproduction occurring in the information industry itself, bring it closer to material production.

Thus, the composition of the main types of information services, formed by the mid-70s. has not actually changed over the past three decades and includes: preparation of information sources, preparation of databases, publication of printed information publications, information services: reference, IRI, EPI, provision of copies of information sources. Due to the fact that the Internet is developing in the direction of integrating information services and products into the main business processes of the serviced areas of activity, the emergence of new types of information services and products in the coming years seems unlikely. New types of information services and products will be associated with the introduction of a new information technology providing computer analysis and synthesis new information based on databases.

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN SECTORS OF THE MARKET OF INFORMATION SERVICES.

2.1. Business information sector.

The bulk of the world's information resources are business information. The practice of recent years shows that the role and importance of business information on the Internet is also constantly growing, as the business community simply cannot ignore such an attractive object of entrepreneurial efforts, which the Internet has become since the mid-90s.

Business information includes:

1. Exchange and financial information.

2. Economic and statistical demographic information.

3. Commercial information.

4. Business news.

a) Exchange and financial information.

Exchange and financial information includes:

Stock quotes and commodity prices, as well as gold and precious metals,

Exchange rates, rates of various financial instruments, etc.;

Reference information on financial and stock market institutions;

Analytical reviews of investment opportunities and business news.

With regard to retrospective quotations, prices and rates, exchange and financial information to a certain extent overlaps with economic statistics, and in terms of reference information and analytical reviews of investment opportunities - with commercial information.

Exchange and financial information became an independent type of information services and products in the second half of the 19th century, when it began to spread through telegraph channels in the form of a ticker line. To inform about the state of the exchange market based on databases for the first time in 1957. appeared (by QuotronSystems) and began to use the services of interactive access to remote bases data, which in recent years have become one of the most popular types of commodity information services in the market of developed countries.

Exchange and financial information is constantly required to keep track of the constantly changing situation in the market, and includes information on securities, basic commodities traded through exchanges, exchange rates, real estate, money, capital and insurance.

The sources of obtaining exchange and financial information are:

The exchanges themselves;

Specialized services that promptly disseminate stock exchange and financial information in raw form around the world, across regions and regions of the country and supply this information to other exchanges, as well as information services listed below;

Specialized services that promptly disseminate exchange and financial information in a form suitable for perception and analysis;

Regional intermediary centers providing information to brokerage agencies;

Services that distribute stock and financial information for PC owners;

Services that distribute exchange and financial information over the air using an unused part of the ultra-shortwave or television signal for individual users and brokerage agencies equipped with special detectors, video tuners and PCs or directly to the pager of individual consumers;

Brokerage houses and agencies.

Despite the ongoing process of automation, many of the exchanges are not fully automated. This is due to the huge volume of transactions and the resulting technical complexity of the task, as well as the reluctance of many brokers working directly on the exchange (floorbrokers).

Exchanges provide access to current information about completed transactions to the user's terminal in real time. There are not so many points of connection to the primary exchange and financial information, since its transmission requires high-speed communication channels bandwidth. The operational use of this information is facilitated by special information services of the exchanges, which, through parallel channels, inform its consumers about significant deviations that have occurred.

Specialized firms that provide services for the transmission and distribution of large volumes of raw exchange information serve regional intermediary firms, which in turn provide it to brokerage agencies in raw or already processed form. Information in raw form is acquired by brokerage agencies that have their own processing systems. Among the companies that provide raw stock and financial information to regional intermediary companies serving brokers are Standard & Poor "s, MonchikWeber or Commodity QuotationsInc. These regional centers receive information from exchanges over high-speed and leased leased lines and, as a rule, transmit it to brokerage agencies telephone lines directly in full form or in the form formed using blocks, which are then transmitted over local networks, while arrays of less frequently used information are stored in the regional center.

The best known in the market of exchange and financial information are specialized global services that provide processed exchange and financial information, which provide their services directly to brokerage agencies not of a particular region, but of an entire country or even several countries through appropriate terminals, including equipment and special software. An example is QuotronSystems, a pioneer in this sector of the information services market.

Some regional exchange and financial information centers use satellite communications, unused VHF band or TV vertical intervals. The information is sent to ground receiving stations or directly to user antennas, converted into digital form using special modems and sent to the user's PC. This method of transferring stock and financial information is characterized by low speed, but it is inexpensive and allows a large number of small firms and offices to receive information. An example is DataBroadcastingCorp. (DBC), which uses the signal of the cable TV network FinancialNewsNetwork and is its subsidiary.

In the mid 90s. systems appeared on the market that supplied stock and financial information to the user's pager at regular intervals. In the second half of the 90s. such systems offered their services in Russia as well. Their development was dialogue systems using Cell Phones new standards - first WAP, and then GPRS. The third generation of cellular telephony standards had a standard built-in function for interactive communication with the Internet.

An important part of the system for providing exchange and financial information is the system for processing this information in real time. The goal of improving information services in the market for stock and financial information is to provide consumers with faster access to large volumes of information, as well as providing new means of processing and analyzing it, for example, such as portfolio management and risk control software, as well as new stock market patterns.

The presentation of information has also improved significantly. Instead of a stream of numbers, the new systems provide a multi-window view of the data, in which the data of different markets differ in color, for example, green for stocks, blue for exchange rates, red for bonds. Being passed through the analytical program, the information is presented in graphic form which makes the numbers easier to read. Brokers can identify prospective clients using search capabilities in multi-faceted databases and analyze client positions using risk and portfolio management packages with built-in artificial intelligence. In addition, they communicate via e-mail, and most importantly, all these tasks can be solved simultaneously.

Databases of stock and financial information are divided into two large groups - stock exchange databases and financial information databases, there are also complex databases that simultaneously cover not only stock and financial information, but also economic, commercial, and sometimes special information.

Exchange information databases cover commodity and stock exchanges, giving information about quotations of goods and securities. Information from these databases is provided in real time and the information is updated continuously throughout the day.

A large group of databases is specialized in reference information, as well as other information on securities and, above all, stocks and bonds. This information is historical in nature. Databases on certain types of securities can be prepared by small specialized research and analytical companies that do not support them in the remote online access mode.

There are databases specialized in certain types of goods, for example, energy carriers, agricultural products, precious metals. Exchange information on commodity markets is also represented by databases that include historical information and, above all, dynamic series of prices on the world commodity market.

Consumer access to databases of commodity exchange information is often provided by the same organizations that create them, as well as through large exchange information processing centers and queuing information systems and the Internet.

Databases of financial information. Market financial information Money, as a rule, is current, updated daily, but is contained in databases of analytical and advisory information prepared by specialized research and consulting organizations.

Internet in the market of exchange and financial information. The first attempts to organize access to exchange and financial information on the Internet were made at the turn of 1994-1995. Despite the seemingly highly specialized nature, stock and financial information from the very beginning of the development of commercial activities on the Internet has occupied a prominent place on the Internet. This is due, first of all, to the opportunities that the Internet gives to individual investors. At the same time, the opportunities provided to individual investors, as it were, are equalized with what was previously available only to stock and financial market professionals.

The phenomenon of high demand for stock and financial information from individual consumers appeared in the early 80s, when commercial online services began to provide these services directly to PC owners.

Internet with its more low tariffs or free information, as well as recommendations and consultations of leading experts, has significantly expanded the number of users of stock and financial information.

Access via the Internet to exchange and financial information usually requires registration and the payment of a subscription fee, which, however, usually does not exceed several tens of dollars per month. Most of these servers allow the consumer to use the system for free for a certain period of time so that he can evaluate its capabilities.

b) Economic and demographic statistical information.

Economic statistics is always necessary for an entrepreneur. The importance of statistical information for an entrepreneur lies in the fact that any economic research or business forecasting requires knowledge of not only the current state of the analyzed process (object), but also the history of its development. This information is used both to develop a long-term strategy for work in general and for individual areas and markets, and to evaluate the effectiveness of our own operations, as well as the work of competitors, and in the course of analysis when studying the industry environment.

According to the degree of processing, statistical information circulating in the information services market can be divided into the following traditional groups:

Primary statistical information - economic, demographic, social information collected directly in the surveyed objects;

Statistical information prepared for economic research, i.e., sorted, selected, grouped according to certain methods (this process is often decisive when performing a number of studies), combined into time series or databases;

Economic studies characterizing Current state of the object under study, predicting possible options its development.

Considering that most of the databases of economic and demographic statistics are prepared by government organizations, which consider it their main task to ensure the widest possible distribution of this information to consumers, the Internet can be considered as the most important channel for accessing such information.

Economic and general demographic information continues and develops stock and financial information, bringing it closer to the information needs of a wider range of specialists. The main consumers of services in the field of economic and demographic statistical information are not directly businessmen, managers or other persons who make political, organizational and economic decisions and those who analyze the situation and prepare drafts of these decisions.

Services in the field of economic and statistical information can be provided by both general purpose data centers and data centers operating in the field of business and commercial information, as well as specialized data centers of statistical information.

The search for statistical and economic information is mainly direct, targeted, carried out according to the formal characteristics of the object (country, years, indicator, etc.). The user of economic and statistical databases, as a rule, receives information on the display screen in tabular form and in the form of time series.

Databases of economic statistical information subdivided into databases of global and regional statistics and databases of national statistics. Those and other databases may contain indicators on the development of the economy as a whole and in the sectoral context. In addition, databases of historical and forecast information are usually distinguished.

Databases of world and regional economic statistics can cover all countries of the world, grouping countries according to the degree of economic development.

Along with economic statistics, databases of world and regional indicators can also include demographic data, data on employment dynamics, money circulation and prices, material balances, for example, energy resources. Consequently, many of the databases of global and regional statistics are complex, containing virtually all the necessary country-specific information.

Databases of global and regional industry statistics are found, for example, in the field of individual industries and, above all, the basic industries - the mining industry, metallurgy, petrochemistry. These databases, as a rule, cover statistics not only on production, but also on trade (including foreign trade) and consumption of certain types of products.

A whole group of databases of global and regional statistics is devoted to foreign trade and other forms of foreign economic relations. The sources of information in databases of world and regional statistics are data from international governmental and non-governmental organizations, as well as data from national statistical agencies.

Databases of demographic statistics. Stand-alone databases of vital statistics usually cover information for individual countries. These databases are of two main types - databases on the characteristics of population or employment and databases on the characteristics of the population, considered as consumers in general or in relation to certain goods and services.

The use of databases of demographic information directly by business people, as well as by analytical and consulting services in conducting market research, is constantly expanding, especially in the case of consumer goods, due to their easy access and simple working methods.

The importance of demographic statistical information for an entrepreneur lies in the fact that it can be used in everyday work, since it quite fully characterizes such an important sector of the economy as the market for consumer goods and services. It follows that this information is well suited to the opportunities given to the entrepreneur by the Internet.

Databases of information about the preferences of the population are the result of a study of public opinion, and at the same time they are widely used in the organization of these works. Databases of this type allow you to supplement direct demographic information, as well as provide additional information, not captured by the census questionnaires, for example, by consumer preferences, lifestyle patterns and worldview.

c) Commercial information.

commercial information or reference Information about enterprises and organizations, their products and services has become increasingly widespread on the Internet in recent years. This type of information covers enterprises operating in various business areas, as well as various government and non-government organizations. It includes address data, information about the area and activities of the enterprise, as well as about the main products and services, data on the financial condition (including in the form of full company reports), connections, transactions, contracts and government orders, and, sometimes, commercial offers.

The main difference between commercial information and exchange information is that the latter is current, changes and is required in real time, every minute following the changes taking place in the market, and the former mainly characterizes more stable information about market participants, its state, events that affect To the market.

The commercial information market arose somewhat later than the market for exchange and financial, as well as scientific and technical information, however, this sector of the information market is characterized by the greatest activity and high dynamics.

Commercial information in the preparation of important decisions is often used together and in combination with business, stock and financial, economic and static information, with such special information as legal, news, and sometimes NTI, for example, when searching for norms and standards.

In exchange and commercial information, consumers differ both in character and in rank. If exchange and financial information is mainly used by top managers, specialists, as well as by all those who are actively involved in operations on the exchange, then the main consumers of commercial information are middle managers.

Despite its high value, commercial information, both in the West and in Russia, is usually inexpensive, and this has stimulated the process of its inclusion on the Internet. This is due to the fact that the initial investments in its creation were made a long time ago - back in the era of printed reference books and databases prepared in state institutions, and updating the information available does not require significant costs, since, as a rule, only insignificant changes are made at a time. part (10-15%) of information.

In the Russian information market, commercial information can be considered scarce, because over the past five years, commercial information services, in the context of low purchasing power of users and the continued unwillingness to pay for information, have not solved this problem, following the example of developed countries. It seems that the Internet can provide such a solution, but it is necessary that the IDB of commercial information abandon the idea of ​​placing commercial databases on the network, and switch to the principles of disseminating information using the yellow pages method, that is, they would pay for the preparation of reference information at the expense of advertisers, not users. It will not be easy to do this, since in Russia, with its underdeveloped information culture unit costs for updating commercial information are higher than abroad.

However, the significance of the Internet for the dissemination of commercial information in Russia is higher than in the West.

In Russia since 1995 commercial information on open joint stock companies, extracted from share prospectuses and open to all users, was provided on the Internet through the server of the Institute of Commercial Engineering and some others. In addition, in Russia, the most important source of official commercial information on enterprises of all forms are also state organizations, for example, local registration chambers, the State Statistics Committee of the State Statistics Committee with a database, the State Register of Enterprises of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Property, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, other federal departments, for example, MVES, State Customs Committee, their institutes, as well as the surviving branch institutes of scientific and technical information and feasibility studies. Some of the commercial information in Russia is also provided by information services of public organizations. This is, for example, a register of partner enterprises for effective business and foreign economic activity, which the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry tried to prepare, registers of the Association of Russian Banks (ARB), other professional associations and unions, etc. This information already exists in electronic form, and there are no obstacles to organizing access to it via the Internet.

Enterprise databases may cover industrial enterprises and enterprises of other branches of social production, include information on highly specialized enterprises around the world, for example, on hotels, information on enterprises of a certain type, for example, industrial ones, a significant number of countries or an economic grouping of countries, for example, the EEC or a region - Europe, Asia. Databases on enterprises of several types, as a rule, refer to enterprises of one country. An example of such highly specialized databases is the CorpTech database containing descriptions of US corporations working in the field of high technology.

Enterprise databases can be specialized in information not only depending on the field of activity or industry to which the enterprise belongs, but also depending on the form of the enterprise, for example, databases on public and private companies or databases on corporations.

The completeness of information about enterprises in databases can be different.

The main source of information about enterprises can be the information that enterprises are required to disclose to the public about their activities, declaring themselves public (and thus receiving some financial and tax benefits) and their own information collected by organizations that prepare reference information. As a rule, the information provided by public companies is still not enough, and information centers generating commercial information collect additional information both through questionnaires (by mail, telephone, in person) and through voluntary and paid assistants and correspondents.

Commercial enterprises are the main supplier of commercial information on enterprises.

The approach to organizing the provision of information about products in Western countries, in principle, does not differ from that adopted in our country. Each firm, as a rule, along with file cabinets of its suppliers, consumers and competitors and dossiers on the most important of them, has a fund of specifications for manufactured and consumed products, collections of industrial catalogs and promotional materials. The difference lies primarily in the fact that the time and money spent on the acquisition of such funds are small, since the producers of products usually make sure that information about it gets to all interested consumers.

Databases of product information refer to industrial products (primarily products of individual industries) and to products and services of enterprises and organizations in the non-manufacturing sector.

Databases on financial status and operations complement the database information on enterprises of various types related to manufacturing and non-manufacturing areas.

d) Business news.

Business news includes information on the economic situation in the world, individual regions and countries, types of economic activity, industries and products. The nature of business and economic news is very diverse and includes press reviews in the field of economics and politics, opinions, commentaries, details of the activities of companies and events obtained from official and unofficial sources, interpretation of known facts, and much more. The difference between business and commercial news from ordinary news is that they are designed to be perceived by specialists and are prepared with this in mind, either on the basis of processing ordinary news supplied by news and press agencies, or on purpose.

The Internet is one of the main channels of access to business news - news about the activities of companies, services and products, as well as the state of the market. If in the early years of its development the Internet acted as one of the most important sources of business news, grouped by narrow market sectors, problems and user groups, in recent years, business news of a national or even global coverage of events and facts of a polythematic nature has become increasingly widespread. An important advantage of the Internet is that information acquires a new quality through the use of hypertext and multimedia technologies.

The emergence of many sources of business news in electronic form has led to the fact that the existing information flow management tools provided by traditional OBD and interactive information systems have turned out to be insufficient and new work tools have been required. It turned out that many users simply cannot work with news bases in electronic form, even using powerful information retrieval systems, since just browsing headlines leads to unreasonably large losses of time.

Within traditional conversational systems, a solution to this problem is still being sought through the more thorough preparation of business news databases, which, in contrast to the stream of raw electronic news, have clearly categorized information, carefully selected and evaluated by editors.

The Internet makes it possible to adjust the flow of news to the information needs of a particular person using a system of filters that allow them to provide services that were previously called IRI - selective dissemination of information. The filtering is taken care of by special information services, the so-called delivery services, which transfer the required information directly to the user's e-mail box or to a personal Web page. Information delivery services, as a rule, work on a paid basis and, along with information filtering in accordance with the user's interest profile, provide Additional services, for example, offer information, the usefulness of which is not obvious to him, but is undeniable from the point of view of the information service.

Business and economic news covering a wide range of areas of activity and countries, as a rule, are abstract and include brief summaries of business information from publications in the mass and special press.

Business news by industry or product, as a rule, is presented in the form of daily updated databases of full-text information and contains, along with news, analytical and review materials.

Business news characterizes the general economic situation in the world and national markets, contains information about the activities of firms and companies and major events on the market, including information about the emergence of new products, major transactions, changes in the organizational structure of the market - purchases, mergers and acquisitions, as well as bankruptcies .

Business news refers to historical information updated at regular intervals from a few hours to once a year, but mostly daily and weekly.

The market for interactive business news arose simultaneously with the market for commercial information, i.e., somewhat later than the market for exchange and financial, as well as scientific and technical information. Business news, like commercial information, in a competitive environment can be directly used by entrepreneurs and managers in planning and making business decisions. The main consumers of business news are middle managers.

Business news databases are presented on-line, on magnetic tapes, on PC diskettes and CD-ROMs, and can generally be used in multiple ways, as on-line text (abstract or full-text) information provides a unique combination of up-to-date speed and variety of data, speed and flexibility of search methods, as well as the simplicity of the equipment for the user.

2.2. Sector of information for specialists .

The Internet, originally created for information exchange scientists and professionals among themselves and with civil servants, for this reason alone is a system effective in providing information to professionals and exchanging it between them.

a) Professional information

Information for specialists can be considered information from almost all the sectors of the information market we are considering, starting with the stock market and ending with scientific and technical news. Information for a specialist is understood as information that expands professional knowledge in a narrow subject area profile specialization of its consumers. For businessmen or managers - this is information about the methods of economic research and management technology, for lawyers - laws and other legal documents, for a doctor - treatment guides, pharmacopoeias, for scientists and engineers - information about the properties of substances and materials, engineering guides, etc. P.

Legal information databases are an example. Lawyers have become one of the first mass users of interactive information systems in practice (and not just research or decision analysis) and claim that computer science has fundamentally influenced their profession and that they simply cannot imagine further work without legal information systems. The introduction of CD-ROMs has only expanded their capabilities, and now every lawyer has the means of prompt and inexpensive access to virtually all complete legal information.

Doctors, pharmacists and chemists have become the second most important group of users of databases of professional information. Descriptions of pharmaceutical products and chemical reference books (primarily on hazardous substances requiring special handling) can be supplemented with current information from databases of scientific, technical and commercial information and, in this combination, are also an indispensable everyday tool for practical activities. An example is the MEDLINE database for medicine.

Specialized professional databases for doctors, pharmacologists and chemists can be numeric and text-numeric, searchable in free text. As an example of such a reference database that combines different kinds information can be called EECDNG, containing data on the health effects of harmful chemicals and the rules for handling them. Information on toxicity is contained in the MERCINDEX database.

Databases for specialists, of course, include many databases of commercial information of a narrow purpose. For example, these can be databases containing software that can be reloaded into the user's PC, as well as software reference databases and databases full text in this area, for example, Direct-Net, containing reviews and descriptions of more than 5 thousand programs for IBM-compatible PCs, Compuhe1p, containing information about computer products and services for the blind or visually impaired, etc. Such databases can contain news or information about the state of development of any field of activity of interest to a limited circle of specialists working in this subject area. These bases provide specialists with the possibility of contacts through telecommunication networks, demonstrations of new products, for example, software and their exchange, e-mail, electronic bulletin boards.

Many databases of information for specialists are prepared on a non-commercial basis, and in order to access the information contained in them, it is possible to establish scientific and technical cooperation with relevant foreign organizations.

Legal information looks like a promising area for commercial activities within the Internet in Russia. The only obstacle to broad development is the payment for the provision of services due to the difficulty of attracting advertisers to legal Web pages. In this regard, we can expect the outstripping development of such a sector as business-to-business. Apparently, firms working in the field of legal information will be able to switch part of the existing corporate clients from obtaining databases on floppy disks and CDs to working in network mode.

The future of legal information systems designed for the mass user looks more vague, although the expediency of setting such tasks for state institutions and, above all, the State Tax Service and the State Customs Committee looks obvious. This suggests the form of information kiosks that could be installed in tax inspections and customs offices. The presence of such kiosks is absolutely necessary, since according to the current legislation, employees of the mentioned institutions have the right not to give any information to visitors, while Russian economic legislation is already extremely complex, constantly changing and needs clarification. The simplest services could be online help desks for completing tax and customs declarations online, as well as legal guides and lists of frequently asked questions - FAQ–FrequentlyAskedQuestions.

The Internet contains information of interest to experts in virtually all fields.

b) Scientific and technical information

The concept of NTI and this sector of the world information market combines information and data in the field of fundamental and applied, natural, technical and social sciences, industries and spheres of human activity. NTI databases can be bibliographic (containing links to documents only in the form of bibliographic descriptions), abstract (when the bibliographic description is supplemented by an abstract of the document reflecting its content) and factographic. In the latter case, they actually merge with databases of special information.

The NTI databases can be divided into polythematic and thematic - sectoral and problem-oriented.

Most of all existing world and regional international systems work in the field of NTI, for example, INIS in nuclear science and technology, AGRIS in agriculture, Infoterra in the field of information on sources of information on environmental protection.

Access to NTI databases is provided by most of the world's leading data centers. Dialogue search in bibliographic databases is possible by formal features (author, title, publisher, year of issue, etc.) or by subject using rubricator headings, thesaurus descriptors, keywords from the titles or text of the abstract. The consumer is given the opportunity to search for pre-prepared queries in arrays of current receipts with the issuance to the user's terminal at a convenient time for him or for the system.

The search in factual-numerical and text-numerical databases is carried out in the same way as in the case of information for specialists. Many data centers have developed and distribute special software that makes it easier and more efficient to search for information. As an example of such an application that facilitates the user's work with the data center, one can name DIALOG-LINK, which provides automatic system call, preliminary preparation of requests, processing of information received as a result of a search.

Despite the public orientation of NTI, many large ODBs that specialize in this type of information and have their own WWW servers and Web pages provide access to information of this type for a fee, even if these are ODBs of professional societies, i.e. public organizations or receiving government support.

A similar situation is typical for Russia. For example, an excellent source of access to NTI is the VINITI server (http://viniti.ru), which makes it possible to search about 30 items in current and retrospective databases with an annual increase of up to 1 million records, and also offers its services only for a fee. Prices are even higher than those of Western counterparts. On the other hand, it should be noted that the VINITI Web pages are organized in accordance with the best standards and are in no way inferior to the pages of other Western NTI sources. At the same time, the user can download methodological materials to his computer, for example, a description of the format, a thesaurus, a search technique, etc., but also for a fee.

It should be noted that most of the Internet servers that have been operating in Russia since the early 1990s are also associated with the NTI, which were originally created mainly on the basis of the institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and leading universities and universities with state support through projects and programs of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Science and the State Committee for Higher Education. International programs also played an important role, as did the activities of the world's leading computer firms, such as SUNMicrosistems. Therefore, the notorious George Soros also contributed to the development of network activity in the field of NTI.

c) Access to primary sources

There are three main possibilities for acquiring primary sources: 1) the formation of own funds through subscription and acquisition; 2) obtaining primary sources for temporary use and interlibrary loan; 3) obtaining primary sources in the form of full-size and microcopies.

As a rule, organizations and individual consumers use all these three possibilities at the same time, for example, subscribe to specialized serials and purchase books, use the services of libraries and order copies of some sources. In recent years, a number of projects have been implemented to create systems for accessing primary sources in electronic form and via communication channels.

With the transition of many information organizations to a market concept of work, called the information supermarket, the provision of copies on one-time requests began to be carried out in cooperation between large libraries, database generator centers and data centers. At the same time, the user of the services of online access to databases got the opportunity to quickly order copies directly during the search sessions. At the intersection of online search services and primary source copy services, new services have emerged, for example, allowing, based on search results in a factual database, to receive photocopies of the last 10 articles related to the search object from the database processing center within a few days.

In connection with the development of copying of primary sources, the problem of copyright protection has become more acute.

Copying was carried out for research and educational purposes;

The copy was intended directly for a specific consumer.

Paragraph 108 of the mentioned US law also distinguishes the following cases of copying as permitted, which, in general, are not cases of the correct application of the law:

Copying for the purpose of preservation for future use of unpublished documents;

Copying for replacement purposes (for example, when issuing to readers) of certain published documents;

Backup;

Copying carried out for the reader and by the reader;

Interlibrary loan.

In all these cases, it is assumed that no more than one copy is made at a time (in practice, this is not done in 25% of cases, and according to other data, one copy is made only in 60% of cases of copying) and that the copy bears the copyright sign and indication (in practice, it is usually not observed when copying fragments of documents).

USA in the 70s and 90s. It was considered copyright infringement to copy the entire document without permission. In addition, it is proposed to indicate next to the copyright sign the address or telephone number at which permission to copy can be obtained.

With the advent of the Internet, the system of preparation and access to information sources is undergoing significant changes. In particular, an increasing number of books are printed not in predetermined runs, but on order through special services, where this can be done with some delay, but at low cost and price using high-performance reprographic equipment, or directly printed by users on their printer. The main problem here is settlements with book publishers and authors, since the traditional mechanisms of publishing and book trade cannot be used.

2.3. Sector of mass, consumer information.

Initially created as a kind of non-profit joint venture of all its participants and users, the Internet has a fairly large presence in the mass consumer and entertainment information. This information can be used by an entrepreneur not only in his business practice, but also as an object of business or just for recreation.

a) News and literature.

News and literature (magazines, reference books, encyclopedias, dictionaries) in machine-readable form account for a very significant part of the world information market.

Information such as news or literature is often difficult or impossible to distinguish from information for specialists, and especially when it comes to special electronic journals, reference books, encyclopedias. The criterion for differentiation can be the circle of potential consumers, which in the case of special information is specialists, and in the case of news - a wide circle of the interested public, unlimited by any narrow specialization.

Compact discs have recently become widely used to provide news and literature. In general, with the beginning of the preparation of databases on compact discs, the possibility of penetration of information services into the mass consumer market is associated.

Specialists in the field information support draw users' attention to the fact that recently with the development of computer networks and the digital revolution, the very concept of news is being destroyed and blurred, and a significant part of the information circulating today in computer networks does not belong to news at all (although it may be titled that way) . According to WallStreetJournal, real news is a report on an event or trend, prepared by a professional journalist who is not directly involved in it, based either on their own observations or interviews with various people. In this case, the message must be corrected by the editor, who, like the reporter, must have experience in covering events of this kind and the ability to understand the role of the event in the general context. All co-authors and the organization to which they belong must have a certain reputation and be responsible for the accuracy and objectivity of the information provided.

True news does not depend on the size of the audience or the method of distribution, but cannot be slander, gossip or unfounded opinion, as well as a simple fixation of the event. When reading the news of a conference or Web pages on the Internet, the user should bear in mind that the sponsor of this conference or page may be a corporation or an interested group of persons and what is called news (especially business news) is no more objective than an in-house magazine. , brochure or friendly chatter.

First, everyone has the right to publish their opinion, but not every opinion can be trusted. Secondly, these are the problems of using the Internet to disseminate information that is in conflict with generally accepted norms of public morality and morality (for example, pornography or instructions for making bombs) or information that is freely and openly available to all categories of users without exception (for example, children) is socially unjustified. Thirdly, these are the problems of misuse or unauthorized use of personal information.

b) Consumer and entertainment information

The work of the sector of consumer and entertainment information is based on the satisfaction of two basic needs of the population: in the organization of recreation and in education. In the 80s. a new concept of informational entertainment infortainment has arisen, which is characterized by a transition from passive forms of information perception to interactive ones. Among these forms, one can single out the formation of one's own TV programs using programmable set-top boxes for a TV set and a VCR, and the synthesis of musical works based on a bank of melodies and rhythms, and modeling with the help of special software tools type of business strategy, their entrepreneurial and consumer behavior in the market, and access to databases from home.

The market for consumer and entertainment information was formed relatively recently - in the early 80s, but already occupies a very important share in overall structure global information industry. In this market, the businessman, entrepreneur and manager as consumers can get all the information they need outside of business hours.

Speaking about literature on the Internet, experts note that this network, as it were, continued the tradition of samizdat xerox elite literary, political and musical magazines, distributed in only a few dozen copies, and yet receiving significant public outcry. These ballots originated in the systems Email and received the name e-zine (instead of magazine - a printed magazine), and now they are called web-zines. The main thing in these publications distributed via the Web is not only accessibility and breadth of distribution, but also hypertext and multimedia.

The first step towards becoming a market mass hypertext electronic publications it can be considered that books have already appeared on sale, to which a CD of the same content is attached, but including text in hypertext form. At the same time, the buyer is offered access to the corresponding database of information on the Web, which is updated on a daily basis. An example of such a publication is the Internet Business 500 Online Companion (http://www.vmedia.com) from Ventana. In addition, modern Web-journals and books have made it possible to combine qualities that are not available for printed or first electronic versions - individuality and elitism with the possibility of the widest distribution. On the Internet, in addition to business and special ones, there are already real literary and literary-critical magazines.

Consumer entertainment and consumer information is represented by resources in the field of education, music, museums, galleries and art exhibitions, films and photos, sports, entertainment, consumer information.

3. STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF THE RUSSIAN MARKET OF INFORMATION PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.

The information services and products market is a set of economic, legal and organizational relations for the sale and purchase of services between suppliers and consumers and is characterized by a certain range of services, conditions and mechanisms for their provision and prices.

The level and prospects for the development of the information market in the country are determined by the compliance of the emerging information infrastructure with market requirements.

The infrastructure of information activity inherited by Russia from the USSR, as in most developed countries, includes information organizations three levels:

The first one is the national information centers engaged in the preparation of machine-readable databases and providing access to the database in the mode remote access, as well as the provision of primary sources and their copies at the first level. A number of the country's largest libraries operate at the same level.

The second is sectoral and territorial information centers engaged in information services for industries and activities, as well as territories using databases, arrays of primary sources and services received from information centers first level. Their functions are also associated with the preparation and provision of local (sectoral and territorial) databases obtained as a result of processing information on sectoral and intersectoral problems.

The third is the information services of enterprises and organizations engaged in information services for end users based on standardized information products and services received from organizations of the first and second levels.

At the first stages of the transition to a market economy, the system of first-level organizations underwent little change.

The second-level bodies were either liquidated or remained within the branches and passed under the jurisdiction of new branch structures that replaced the ministries (associations, concerns, consortiums). Many of them have become independent commercial organizations that have expanded their functions through the development of new forms of activity, such as monitoring and consulting, and exist mainly by selling their information services. This link of the information infrastructure continues to undergo significant changes, since it reflects the state of the economy and its industries to the maximum extent.

Here one can observe a trend when, on the one hand, the crisis in the industry has led to the lack of demand for traditional services of industry centers, and on the other hand, the emergence of new forms of relations between enterprises, new directions for business development.

Lack of funding led to the collapse of the network of intersectoral centers, previously united by the Rosinformresurs system. Most of them became independent, many broke up or changed their profile of work.

The organs of the third level were not actually preserved and remained only at large enterprises that became companies or concerns of the federal level. The network of libraries that took over the service of consumers while working closely with them has hardly survived. Despite the lack of funding, library funds can be attributed to the most stable component in the information resource of Russia.

The existing state systems of business and commercial information were not able to promptly fill the emerging information deficit. Attempts made by the bodies of the state system of NTI, news agencies and the media in a new area for them partially filled the resulting niche.

Among the new information services that appeared during the years of reforms, it should be noted, first of all, those that were created within the administration of the President and the Parliament. However, they did not enter the market of information services and products, being mainly engaged in servicing those who created them from the structures.

New commercial information services were represented, first of all, by information systems formed within the framework of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, as well as information divisions of industry business associations.

The formation of the market for commercial information systems services began in Russia in the late 80s. in connection with the emergence of the first independent commercial structures, the expansion of the economic independence of enterprises. In the 90s. In Russia, new independent information organizations of the 2nd and 3rd levels have appeared, operating on a commercial basis, primarily in the field of business and commercial information. Activities in the field of commercial information have become profitable in terms of capital investment, and it is this market sector that has received the most development in our country to date.

Already in the early years, independent computer networks appeared on the information market, providing access to business and commercial information, which created an environment for the dynamic development of the Internet in the second half of the 1990s.

Appeared in the early 1990s In Russia, information brokers were associated with the availability of standard information services and products on the market at relatively low prices and the emergence of solvent demand from consumers.

Rapid development since the mid-1990s and the boom in the stock and financial markets in Russia gave impetus to the development of the financial information sector. This market is largely dominated by foreign information services, as foreign consumers of financial information about Russia trust them more, despite the lower prices of services offered by Russian competitors.

Under the new conditions, the business news sector has developed. This sector is focused on the mass consumer in the Russian part of the Internet, but this consumer is not yet solvent enough and is not ready to pay for information and information services.

The development of the mass media sector proceeded according to its own logic, primarily within the framework of the Russian part of the Internet. The development of this sector of the information market is financed primarily by advertising, as well as by the media themselves.

Thus, new information services are developing quite dynamically, especially in some areas, and above all, commercial and legal information.

CONCLUSION

So, in this paper, we examined the features of the market for information services and products. We can draw certain conclusions.

The main areas and sectors of the information services and products market were formed by the beginning of the 1970s. 20th century and have not undergone significant changes, which confirms their compliance with the requirements of this stage in the formation of a post-industrial society.

The main sectors of this market are:

1. The business information sector, which includes a) stock and financial information, b) economic and demographic statistics, c) commercial information, and d) business news.

2. Sector of information for specialists (professional information, scientific and technical information, access to primary sources).

3. Sector of mass, consumer information (news and literature, consumer and entertainment information).

The state of the market for information services and products in Russia lags far behind similar markets in foreign countries. There are problems in the development of this market in our country, the main of which is insufficient funding for this area.

Of course, one can note a significant increase in information products in our country, starting from the 90s of the twentieth century. Commercial and legal information has received the greatest development.

The Internet in Russia, as well as in other countries, has taken a leading position in the information market and has given a new dimension to each of the areas. It opened up new opportunities for the development of all sectors of the information market, bringing them together at a qualitatively new and higher level, or leaving them with a clearly defined and limited scope of use.

Maybe in the future all information activity will be reduced to the Internet or a new, more powerful network, and the sectors we mentioned will need to be distinguished within the Internet.

In a society based on knowledge, a civilized turnover is necessary information products, those. tangible and intangible objects informational character having consumer properties. These include structured arrays of information, software products and other technological information systems that are necessary to meet information needs. The market for information products implies a balance between mass consumption and the supply of information objects.

Organizational are such conditions that involve activities related to the organization of production, the structuring of information resources and their placement on the market by the owners and owners of such resources. To legal conditions include the creation of a system of effective information legislation that most adequately reflects the needs of all subjects of information activities involved in the circulation of information products, including their producers and consumers. To financial and economic conditions include the process of creating a mechanism for financing and accounting for information resources, their turnover and consumption.

Often in the literature, the authors define the activities of the media as an information market. This is not true either from the point of view of the form of the market or from the point of view of its content. The task of the media is the most adequate reflection of events, the formation of a true image of the existing reality. There is no economic nature and market relations in this activity. The essence of the latter is the free circulation of goods and services, the value of which is determined by a balanced supply and demand.

Mass and publicly available information about the surrounding life cannot be determined by the above criteria, it must meet the requirements of the truth of life and conscientious coverage of it in acceptable forms, regardless of the form of distribution (printed or electronic). The only cost criterion here may be the costs incurred by the media for the acquisition and use of publicly available information, as well as the cost of its carrier (paper, electronic media, etc.).

Information market- this is a free circulation of information products and services, the production and sale of which depends on social needs within the framework determined by the state.

4. The information sector of the economy is becoming priority development of society.

The process of mass informatization is currently developing rapidly. It creates the prerequisites for the formation of an independent sector of the economy, which is usually called the information and communication sector (ICT sector), information sector or information technology sector (IT sector) in the literature.

The ICT sector of the economy is that area that is associated with the production, financing and consumption of information products (including software products and technologies), electronic equipment, telephony and telecommunications, telecommunications and many other goods and services that are in increasing demand among consumers .

The development of the information technology industry sector is ensured by:

• constant demand for goods and services in the computer and information technology market;
• creation and continuous improvement of the information infrastructure based on international standards;
• the international division of labor and the emergence of new jobs in a new industry;
• development of education and science in the field of informatics;
• the need to formalize knowledge based on information technologies, including within the framework of international programs;
• active participation of the state in supporting the ICT sector;
• close relationship with the defense industry;
• development of advertising and media activities;
• growth of investments in information and telecommunication technologies in the national economy;
• an increase in the share of placing orders for the supply of goods, the performance of work and the provision of services for state and municipal needs in the ICT sector (47).

Information technology companies (IT-companies) in the rankings of the development of the world economy usually occupy leading positions along with oil and gas companies. The priority direction of the development of the ICT sector is also evidenced by the activation in Russia public policy in the field of informatization, which is confirmed federal documents(Development strategy information society in Russian Federation, Federal target program "Electronic Russia", Government program of the Russian Federation "Information Society", the Concept of Formation of "Electronic Government" in the Russian Federation, etc.) as well as regional and municipal programs "Electronic Region", " Electronic city"and other forms of information society development in Russia.

5. High level information culture.

Modern information culture, by and large, should be a determining factor in the development of civil society in modern, and especially in future information realities. Not the most perfect computer, telephone and television devices, not the most science-intensive high technologies will determine the vectors of a person's movement towards his perfection. The main features of the information civilization will be determined by the degree and level of information culture. The main criterion for the development of the information society is closely connected with the person himself, with his spiritual content, with his actions in a new, technologically equipped world. Therefore, the problems of morality and ethics will be decisive.

Information culture as an opportunity to act responsibly, independently realizing one's information needs and actions, is closely related to the concept of "information freedom", i.e. the opportunity to act freely, but in accordance with their information actions with similar needs and actions of other members of the human community.

In other words, everyone must compare their information desires (wants) and especially actions with the boundaries usually determined by ethical rules, regardless of whether such rules are supported by force and coercion or not.

It should be noted that a specific information environment only becomes attractive to a person when it does not have strict rules and conditions for its use. It cannot be otherwise, because otherwise the user is looking for another place to acquire and/or apply his knowledge.

Information freedom is usually understood as a general freedom in the search, transfer and use of absolutely any information in society. At the same time, freedom of information should be understood as a natural need for a person to obtain the most adequate reflection of the existing reality in order to navigate life situations and find the most correct options for a worthy way out of the crisis. This is especially true at the present time, when life is filled with crisis situations and their dangerous manifestations. A person is interested in an adequate reflection of life, it is this interest, this need that is of a natural nature, therefore the right to information is rightly referred to as a natural human right.

However, structures that are interested in directing the course of reflection of reality along a different vector, into a different direction, always try to penetrate into the natural process of reflection. Such structures include, for example, the mass media, which are designed to influence the state of awareness of the population. Basically, they truthfully reflect reality, but often distort it.

Unfortunately, information culture is often interpreted as a level of knowledge and skills in working with information and means of its processing, and freedom of use information sphere often interpreted arbitrarily and not in the interests of the consumer.

This also applies to the Internet environment, where it is possible to receive unauthorized "dirty information" in the form of unclaimed graphics, or unauthorized mailing. The user of the information sphere is often imposed with distorted ideas about culture, primitive and completely wild meanings that have nothing to do with the good. But it is precisely to obtain socially useful information that mass information as a social phenomenon is conceived.

Information culture is not only about the possibility of mastering information knowledge, but also the obligation of a person not to abuse his rights and freedoms all in all information space, since failure to comply with this burden may cause infringement or destruction of similar rights and freedoms of other people.

The participants in information relations have no choice but to observe this historical postulate and directly participate in the organization of the rules of conduct themselves, using the general structure of behavior, the main content of which should be reason and good will.

On the basis of the features described, it is possible to formulate a definition of the information society.

Information society- such a state of development of society, which is characterized by a highly developed information culture, infrastructure and mass informatization, wide access of the population to information resources, the market of information products and the priority development of the information sector of the economy.

The totality of means, methods and conditions that allow the use of information resources is information potential of society.

This is not only the entire industrial and technological complex for the production of modern means and methods of processing and transmitting information, but also a network of research, educational, administrative, commercial and other organizations that provide information services based on modern information technology.

At present, Russia is rapidly developing market of information products and services, the most important components which are:

1. Technical and technological component. This is modern information equipment, powerful computers, a developed computer network and corresponding information processing technologies.

2. Regulatory component. These are legal documents: laws, decrees, resolutions that provide civilized relations in the information market.

3. Information component. These are reference and navigation tools and structures that help you find the information you need.

4. Organizational component. These are elements of state regulation of interaction between producers and distributors of information products and services.

Information Market Infrastructure- a set of sectors, each of which brings together a group of people or organizations offering homogeneous information products and services.

Let's allocate five sectors of the market of information products and services.

Sector 1 - business information, consists of the following parts:

· exchange and financial information - securities quotes, exchange rates, discount rates, commodity and capital markets, investments, prices. Suppliers are special services of exchange and financial information, brokerage companies, banks;

· Statistical information – series of dynamics, predictive models and estimates for economic, social, demographic areas. Suppliers are government services, companies, consulting firms;

· commercial information on companies, firms, corporations, areas of work and their products, prices; about the financial condition, connections, transactions, leaders, business news in the field of economics and business. The providers are special information services.

2nd sector - information for specialists, contains the following parts:

professional information - special data and information for lawyers, doctors, pharmacists, teachers, engineers, geologists, meteorologists, etc.;

· scientific and technical information - documentary, bibliographic, abstract, reference information in the field of natural, technical, social sciences, by branches of production and spheres of human activity;

· access to primary sources - organization of access to information sources through libraries and special services, the possibility of acquiring primary sources, obtaining them by interlibrary loan in various forms.

3rd sector - consumer information, consists of the following parts:

· news and literature - information from news services and press agencies, electronic magazines, reference books, encyclopedias;

consumer information - transport schedules, reservation of tickets and places in hotels, ordering goods and services, Bank operations etc.;

entertainment information – games, teletext, videotext.

4th sector - education services, includes all forms and levels of education: preschool, school, special, secondary vocational, higher, advanced training and retraining. Information products can be presented in a computer or non-computer form: textbooks, methodological developments, workshops, developing computer games, computer teaching and control systems, teaching methods, etc.

5th sector - providing information systems and tools, consists of the following parts:

software products - software systems with different orientations - from a professional to an inexperienced computer user: system software, general orientation programs, application software for the implementation of functions in a specific area of ​​​​affiliation, for solving problems by typical mathematical methods, etc .;

· technical means- computers, telecommunications equipment, office equipment, related materials and components;

· development and maintenance of information systems and technologies - a survey of the organization in order to identify information flows, the development of conceptual information models, the development of the structure of the software package, the creation and maintenance of databases; advising on various aspects of the information industry - what information technology to purchase, what software is necessary for the implementation of professional activities, whether Information system and what, on the basis of what information technology is better to organize their activities, etc.;

preparation of information sources - creation of databases on a given topic, area, phenomenon, etc.

Any type of access can be organized in each sector:

· direct to the storage of information on paper;

· remote to remote or located in this room computer databases.