A lesson in informatics on the topic "computer device". Lesson "internal structure of the PC" Lesson of informatics the main devices of the computer

Informatics and ICT lesson in the 7th grade "Computer device"

Informatics and ICT lesson in grade 7 Aleshina A.O.

Goals:

educational : consolidation and generalization of the studied material on the topic of the lesson;

developing : consolidation of the studied material, development logical thinking, expanding horizons;

educational : creating conditions conducive to educating students' attention and accuracy in studying computer devices

Equipment:

presentation for the lesson.

Projector

Lesson plan

Org. moment (5 min.)

Demonstration, knowledge systematization activity (5-7 min.)

Summing up and reflection (2 min.)

During the classes

Org. moment (5 min.)

Greeting children

Learning new material (25 min.) (Presentation "PC device")

Slide 1. Computer as a means of automatic information processing.
The word "computer" means "computer", i.e. computing device.
A computer is a technical device for processing information.

Slide 2. The central processing unit is the main working component of a computer, which:
- performs arithmetic and logical operations, given by the program;
- manages computing process; and
- coordinates the work of all computer devices.

Slide 3. RAM is a fast storage device that is directly connected to the processor and is designed to write, read and store executable programs and data.

slide 4.

Keyboard

Mouse

Graphics tablet

Scanner

Digital camera

Microphone

Slide 5. Computer keyboard - a device used to enter information into a computer and supply control signals.

Slide 7. Mouse - a cursor control device that looks like a small box. Mouse movements on a horizontal surface are translated into corresponding cursor movements on the display screen. Typically, the mouse is equipped with two or three keys that allow you to set the start and end of movement, select menus, and so on.

slide 8. A scanner is a device for entering graphic images into a computer. The scanner creates a digitized image of the document and places it in the computer's memory.

slide 9. Digital image - a raster image obtained either directly via radio channels or by digitizing analog images using a scanner, television or video camera.

slide 10. Long-term memory is a memory that contributes to long-term (for decades) preservation of information.

Slide 11. Output devices

speakers

a printer

Monitor

slide 12. Monitor - a device for visual display of information in the form of text, tables, figures, drawings, etc. Most monitors are designed on the basis of a cathode ray tube. A distinction is made between alphanumeric and graphic monitors, as well as monochrome monitors and color image monitors.

slide 13. A printer is a device that outputs encoded information from a computer in the form of printed copies of text or graphics. There are dot matrix, laser and inkjet printers.

slide 14. Output of audio information

Applying What You Learned (5 min.) (Handout)

Connect PC elements

An open lesson on informatics on the topic: "The purpose and structure of the Computer" using the ESM.

The purpose of the lesson : introduce students to the main components and device personal computer

Tasks:

Educational. To generalize and systematize students' knowledge about the device of a computer, the purpose of its devices, to continue the formation of computer skills.

Educational . Contribute to the development of motivation to study computer science; development of creative abilities of students.

Educational . Achieving conscious assimilation of educational material by students, the formation of the ability to work in a team, correct use computer terms.

Lesson type: lesson learning new material

Forms of student work individual, frontal

Required technical equipment: Teacher's workstation (PC, projector), student's workstation

Teaching methods : explanatory - illustrative

Advance preparation of students: material studied in previous computer science lessons; preparation of messages

Preliminary preparation of the teacher: studying the material of the lesson, writing a summary;

Expected results

As a result of studying this topic, students:
get an idea of ​​the purpose of the main PC devices in more detail;
are able to formulate and argue a thought, coherently present information;
receive material for further work on the topic " computer presentations».

Lesson provision:

Textbook Semakin I.G. Informatics and ICT: textbook for grade 8 / I. G. Semakin, L.A. Zalogova, S.V. Rusakov, L. V. Shestakova. – M.: BINOM. Knowledge Laboratory, 2011. - 166 p.: ill.

Presentation for the lesson "The purpose and device of a computer."

Digital educational resources: computer architecture simulator.

Task cards.

Lesson plan:

Organizing time. Knowledge update.

Control of knowledge on the topic "Man and information"

Setting goals and objectives of the lesson.

Learning new material.

Fizkultminutka. Eye exercises (presentation)

Control of knowledge in the form of a simulator on the topic "Computer device".

Independent work of students (task on the card).

Summing up the lesson.

Commentary on homework.

In preparing the lesson, material from the sites was used:

http://files.school-collection.edu.ru

2. http://www.klyaksa.net

3. http://ru.wikipedia.org/

4. http://infosgs.narod.ru/

KU on the topic: “Computer device and software».

Summary of lesson number 1 on the topic: "Basic computer devices."

Objectives: - to give an idea of ​​the purpose of the computer.

To give an idea about the main devices of a computer, and their characteristics.

Computer hardware is a system of interconnected technical devices that perform the input, storage, processing and output of information (hardware).

The main stages of information processing:

Computer performance is a characteristic that shows the speed at which a computer performs information processing operations.

Main devices: monitor, keyboard, system unit.

1. Monitor - a device for outputting character and graphic information to the screen. Connects to the video card installed in the computer.

A CRT (cathode ray tube) monitor looks like a kinescope on a TV. A liquid crystal monitor (LCD), or flat panel monitor, is made from a liquid substance.

Monitors may have different screen sizes. Screen size is measured in inches (1 inch = 2.54 cm) and is usually 15.17 inches.

Any image on the screen is represented by a set of dots, which are called pixels. The number of dots horizontally and vertically on the screen is called the resolution of the monitor. The clarity of the image on the monitor is determined by the distance between the dots on the screen, or the size of the step. Values ​​range from 0.22 to 0.43 mm.

1. The keyboard is a device for entering textual and numerical information. The place where information is entered on the screen is indicated by a special icon called the cursor. The appearance of the cursor can be different in the form of a blinking dash, a rectangle, etc. The standard keyboard has 104 keys and 3 light indicators informing about the keyboard mode in the upper right corner.

Key groups: 1. alphanumeric.

2. control keys - for entering and executing commands (shift, ctrl, alt).

3. function keys - from F1 to F12.

4. cursor control - to move the cursor on the monitor screen.

5. small numeric keypad(Num Lock indicator light - on, number entry works, off - cursor control works.)

Table of assignment of the main control keys

1. The system unit includes: system or motherboard, processor, memory, highway.

CPU - a device that provides information conversion and control of other computer devices.

A modern processor is a microchip or chip made on a silicon wafer - a crystal. Therefore, it is called a microprocessor. V modern computers it is equal to 2 cm^2. The processor performs arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic operations are mathematical operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division). Logical operations are relations between objects.

Processor characteristics: 1. Productivity - the number of elementary operations performed by it in one second.

2. Clock frequency - the number of cycles of the processor per second. A cycle is a small period of time during which an elementary operation can be performed (for example, adding two numbers). The more clock frequency, the more operations per second the processor performs. The clock frequency is measured in MHz. 1 MHz = one million cycles per second.

3. The processor capacity is determined by the number of bits that can be transmitted or processed by the processor at the same time. This piece of information is often called a machine word. The processor can have simultaneous access to 8, 16, 32, 64 bits. As the bit depth increases, the amount of information processed by the processor per cycle increases. The higher the bit depth, the large quantity memory can be used by the processor. Often they specify the processor bit depth and write 64\36, which means that the processor has a 64-bit data bus and a 36-bit address bus.

Memory is a collection of information storage devices.

Characteristics and operations of memory: 1. Addressing - memory consists of cells, each of which stores a certain portion of information. To take information from a cell or put it there, you must specify the address of the cell.

2. Operations with memory: reading and writing.

Reading (reading) information from memory is the process of obtaining information from memory cells located at a given address.

Recording (saving) - information in memory - the process of placing information at a given address for storage.

Access time, or performance, memory - the time required to read from memory or write to it the minimum portion of information.

The amount (capacity) of memory - maximum amount information stored in it.

Classification of types of computer memory by purpose:

Internal memory and its characteristic features: speed and limited capacity.

Read-only memory (ROM) is a device for long-term storage programs and data necessary for the operation of the computer (ROM - read-only memory).

RAM is a device for storing programs and data that are processed by the processor in the current session (random access RAM).

Cache - memory (cache, warehouse) - serves to increase computer performance, coordinate the operation of devices of different speeds. It is an intermediate storage device or buffer.

External memory is a long-term storage of information.

A carrier is a material object capable of storing information.

Device external memory(drive) - a physical device that allows you to read and write information on the appropriate media.

Recording density is the amount of information recorded per unit track length.

Comparative characteristics of memory devices

Control questions: 1. What are the characteristics common to all types of memory.

2. What types of memory exist and what is their difference.

3. What is the essence of reading and writing information into memory.

4. What are the features random access memory.

5. What are the features of permanent memory.

6. What is characterized inner memory computer.

7. What is the purpose of the microprocessor.

8. What characteristics of the microprocessor do you know.

9. What is the clock frequency of the processor.

10. What is the capacity of the processor.

11. What is included in the basic computer complex.

12. What is meant by computer hardware.

13. What is the purpose of the monitor and keyboard.

14. It has been established that 1 byte of memory is required to write a character. In a notebook in a cell, consisting of 18 sheets, we write one character in each cell. How many notebooks can be written to one floppy disk with a memory capacity of 1.44 MB.

15. Determine the amount of memory required to store 2 million characters. How many 1.44 MB disks will be needed to record this information.

Summary of lesson number 2 on the topic: "Additional computer devices."

Goals: -

Input devices.

The device driver is a program work manager specific device input / output information.

Input devices according to the method of entering information can be divided into:

1. Devices with direct input - data is read directly by computer devices (manipulators, touch, scanning, speech recognition).

1. Keyboard input devices - manual input from the keyboard.

A mouse is a device with buttons and a ball located on the inside.

Mice differ from each other: - in the way of reading information (mechanical, opto-mechanical and optical).

Number of buttons (2-3),

Way of connection with the computer. (wired and wireless).

Scanner - reading information from paper into a computer.

Scanner characteristics: - color recognition depth,

optical resolution or scan accuracy,

Software,

Design (manual, page, flatbed),

Scan time and document size.

Information output devices.

A printer is a device for printing information on paper.

According to the method of generating output information, printers are divided into:

Sequential, when the document is formed character by character,

Lowercase, when the entire line is formed at once,

Page, when the image of the whole page is formed.

By the number of colors used in printing: black and white and color.

According to the printing method: shock and unstressed.

According to the method of obtaining an image on paper: matrix, inkjet, laser, thermal, lettering.

Characteristics of printers: - width of the carriage, which determines the format of the document,

Print speed, determines the number of characters or pages per second or minute,

Resolution of the printer.

Dot matrix refers to impact printing devices, the image is formed with the help of needles striking the paper through an ink ribbon placed in the cartridge. As a result, an imprint of the symbol remains on the paper. The movement of the needles is controlled by an electromagnet. Dot matrix printers are 9-, 18-, 24 - needle.

Inkjet is a non-impact printing device. Thin jets of ink are ejected from the holes (nozzles) of the cartridge. Droplets are deflected by electromagnets. Number of nozzles from 12 to 64.

Laser A laser beam is used to form images. Using lenses, a thin laser beam forms an electronic image on a light-sensitive drum. Powder particles are attracted to the charged areas of the electronic image - dye (toner), which is then transferred to paper.

Control questions: 1. How it is possible to classify devices of input, output of information.

2. Characteristics of mice.

3. The main groups of keyboard keys.

4. What are the main characteristics of scanners.

5. What is the principle of operation of a dot matrix printer.

6. Give a comparative assessment of the laser and inkjet printer.

Summary of lesson number 3 on the topic: “The main - modular principle of building a computer. Structural scheme computer."

The following devices are located inside the system unit:

Microprocessor,

Inner memory,

Drives,

system bus,

electronic circuits,

Power supply, ventilation, indication and protection system.

All listed devices are placed in the case. Case types: horizontal or desktop, vertical.

The motherboard contains the processor and memory. Connects various devices together.

The computer is based on the principle of program control. All data and commands are stored in coded form in RAM.

The principle of open architecture is the rules for building a computer, according to which each new node (block) must be compatible with the old one and be easily installed in the same place in the computer.

Trunk (system bus) - a system of wires that connects all the devices of a computer and through which information is transmitted. The backbone includes three buses: data bus, address bus and control bus. The processor and RAM are connected to the highway.

Data bus (8, 16, 32, 64 bits). Data is transferred between various devices. The bit depth is determined by the bit depth of the processor, i.e. the number of bits that are being processed at the same time.

Address bus (16, 20, 24, 32, 36 bits). Each device or memory cell has its own address. The address is transmitted over the address bus.

Control bus. Signals are transmitted that determine the nature of the exchange of information along the highway. The signals indicate which operation - reading or writing - needs to be performed.

Computer communication with various input and output devices is carried out through ports. Ports are serial (the number of mice is no more than four, their names are COM1 .... COM4) and parallel (printer, scanner - the number of ports is three and their names are LPT1, LPT2, LPT3).

COMPUTER DEVICE DIAGRAM

Collection encoding storage transmission

information and input and processing and decoding

Tests: 1. What is the principle of program management.

2. What is the motherboard for.

3. What is a port.

4. What is the principle of open architecture.

Summary of lesson number 4 on the topic: "Software classification."

1. Introduction.

To work with a computer, it is important to have not only good Hardware(iron or hardware), but also software (software).

Computer software (software) - a set of all programs used in a computer.

A program is an indication of a sequence of actions (commands) that a computer must perform in order to solve the task of processing information.

Data is information entered into a computer, processed by the computer.

Example: Calculate the volume of a cuboid.

Initial data: Program:

Three numbers a, b, c - 1. Calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe base

The lengths of the edges of the parallelepiped. S=a*b;

2. Calculate volume:

V=S*c.

Here the data are five numbers: a,b,c,s,v. they are divided into initial, intermediate and final (results).

The program consists of two commands that a person must complete in order to solve the problem.

The computer is the formal executor of the program, i.e. he doesn't understand what he's doing. Any computer work is done with the help of programs.

1. Classification of programs.

All software is usually divided into three classes:

Systemic, applied, instrumental.

System software

A necessary accessory of a computer, as it provides interaction between a person, all computer devices and programs.

the most important system program is an operating system (OS) that is stored on a hard drive.

OS provides:

1. Execution of application programs,
2. Management of computer resources - memory, processor, external devices,
3. Human contact with a computer.

The most famous operating systems include: Windows 98, NT, Unix, MS-Dos.

In addition to the OS, system programs include shell programs (Norton Commander), disk cleanup, disk check.

Application software

PP - special-purpose programs necessary for the user to solve their problems. They are also called applications.

PPOs include:

1. Word processors - for creating text documents,
2. Table processors ( spreadsheets) – for calculations and information analysis,
3. Databases - for organizing and managing data,
4. Graphic packages - for presenting information in the form of figures and graphs,
5. Communication programs - for exchanging information between computers,
6. Tutorials ( electronic textbooks, dictionaries, encyclopedias),
7. Games.

Tool programs

IP - designed to create new programs. These are programming languages.

1. How software is related to hardware.

As can be seen in the figure, the system environment directly ensures the operation of devices. More user friendly application environment, which to a lesser extent affects the operation of the hardware, and is mainly focused on converting information and issuing results.

Computer resources are the capabilities of the hardware and software tools, which can be used to solve a specific problem over a certain period of time.

Computer resources are defined by:

1. processor characteristics,
2. Capacity of internal and external memory,
3. Characteristics of input and output devices.

Control questions: 1. What is called a program?

2. Tell us about the classification of software?

3. Give an example of system programs and their purpose?

4. Examples of application programs and their purpose?

5. How should the term "computer resources" be understood?

Summary of lesson number 5 on the topic: “Operating system: purpose and composition. OS loading. Files.

1. Purpose of the Windows system environment.

The main system program is the operating system. When you turn on the computer, the user, first of all, enters the environment created by operating system. One of the representatives of this class is Windows, which provides management of computer resources, execution of application programs and user interaction with the computer. Windows has a single, objective approach to data and programs. Everything that the user deals with in the system environment are objects, each object is characterized by parameters and actions.

Among OS objects it is necessary to allocate: a file, a folder, graphic objects of the interface. GUI allows for human-computer interaction in the form of a dialogue using windows, menus, and controls.

1. File representation.

Imagine a left-luggage office at a train station. Bags, suitcases can be left in the cells, which are located on the racks. Each cell has a specific place in the rack and a number. The employee must write down the passenger's last name, the number of the cells occupied by him and the time when the things were deposited - this is enough to find all the things later.

In the computer material carriers for long-term storage information are discs and tapes, laser discs. Data, like things in storage chambers, can be distributed over free areas of the media. The role of "storekeeper" takes on the operating system.

A file is a collection of data stored on an external medium. The file must be given a name by which this data can be found.

The file name consists of two parts: - the actual name given by the user,

And the extension, which depends on the program in which this file was created and the data stored in it, consists of three or less letters.

In addition to the name and type, the file is characterized by: size, date and time of creation.

Icon - elementary graphic object. By the icon, you can find out in which environment the file was created or what type it is.

Actions on files: create, store, close, open, rename, copy, delete.

1. Folder view.

We put things in order at home, we put our things in one box, sisters in another, so as not to confuse anything. So in a computer, on a disk where many files are stored, there must be order. This is what folders are for. They exist as an icon on the screen. In folders, you can combine files on any basis, for example:

1. By topic (folder with games, tutorials),
2. By the name of its owner,
3. By creation time.

A folder can contain other folders besides files.

Folder - windows object, designed to combine files and other folders into groups.

The folder has a name, no extension. The actions are the same as with files.

1. Control file system- file sharing between devices.
2. Command Processor - prompts the user for commands and executes them.
3. Device Drivers - special programs, which provide control over the operation of devices and coordination of information exchange with other devices, and also allow you to configure some device parameters.
4. The graphical interface is a dialogue between the user and the computer.
5. Service programs (utilities) - check the disk, archive files, etc.
6. Reference system.

Summary of lesson number 8 on the topic: "Computer viruses and anti-virus programs."

1. Types of computer viruses.

First mass epidemic computer virus occurred in 1986 when the Brian virus infected floppy disks.

A mandatory property of a computer virus is the ability to reproduce (self-copy) and infiltrate files, boot sectors of disks and documents, invisible to the user.

After infecting a computer, a virus can activate and force you to perform some action. Activation of the virus can be associated with various events (the arrival of a certain date, the launch of a program, the opening of a document).

1. Classification of viruses.

1. By magnitude of harmful effects: non-dangerous, dangerous, very dangerous.
2. By habitat: file, boot, macro viruses, network.

1. Antivirus programs

1. Polyphages checking files, boot disks, etc. these include Dr. Web, Kaspersky.
2. auditors calculation of checksums for files present on the disk.
3. Blockers intercepting virus situations and notifying the user about it.

conclusion

memory

storage

transformation

input

internal

external

RAM

ROM

cache memory

HDD

NGMD

Laz. D.

Mag. L.

Input Devices

CPU

Output devices

memory

Software

Systemic

Applied

instrumental

Hardware

System Programming

Tool programs

Preview:

Computer device diagram

Keyboard

a printer

Monitor

Drive

controller

controller

controller

controller

RAM

ROM

CPU

Data bus

MAIN Address bus

Control bus

Preview:

Exercise 1

Question:

Scanner is:

1) information storage device

2) information processing device

3) a device for outputting information to paper

4) paper input device

Task # 2

Question:

Specify the printer type with the worst print quality:

1) jet

2) matrix

3) laser

Task # 3

Question:

Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line key:

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) PgDown

2) End

3) PgUp

4) Home

Task # 4

Question:

Specify a device that is not an output device:

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) microphone

2) monitor

3) printer

4) sound speakers

Task # 5

Question:

The mouse is a device:

1) reading information

2) modulation and demodulation

3) long-term storage of information

4) to connect the printer to the computer

5) input information

Task # 6

Question:

The keyboard is

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) manipulator type input device

2) character information input device

3) information output device

4) symbol type information storage device

Task # 7

Question:

Mouse click:

Choose one of 3 answer options:

1) moves the object

2) opens the object

3) indicates an object

Task # 8

Question:

The key completes the input of the command:

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) Enter

2) Space

3) Shift

4) backspace

Task # 9

Question:

To connect a computer to telephone network used:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) plotter

2) printer

3) fax

4) scanner

5) modem

Task # 10

Question:

ROM is used to:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) user program storage during operation

2) storage of constantly used programs

3) storage of programs for the initial boot of the computer and testing of its nodes

4) records of especially valuable application programs

5) permanent storage of especially valuable documents

Task # 11

Question:

Processor speed depends on:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) the amount of information processed

2) organization of the operating system interface

3) external storage capacity

4) clock frequency

5) the presence or absence of a connected printer

Task # 12

Question:

Specify devices that are not input devices:

Choose from 4 answer options:

1) scanner

2) monitor

3) mouse

4) keyboard

Task # 13

Question:

A computer is (select the full correct definition):

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) device for processing analog signals

2) a device for working with texts

3) multifunctional electronic device to work with information

4) electronic computing device for processing numbers

5) a device for storing information of any kind

Task # 14

Question:

Video card is:

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) information input device

2) a microcircuit that displays information on the screen

3) text recognition device

4) information output device

Task # 15

Question:

For long-term storage of information is used:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) external media

2) processor

3) power supply

4) drive

5) RAM

Task # 16

Question:

Indicate the statement characterizing the dot matrix printer:

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) high speed printing

2) high quality printing

3) the presence of a print head

4) silent operation

Task # 17

Question:

Purpose of the Shift key:

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) print capital characters

2) command input

3) go to the top of the page

4) deleting a character

Task # 18

Question:

The personal computer will not function if you disable:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) RAM

2) mouse

3) printer

4) drive

5) scanner

Task # 19

Question:

Specify the most complete list main elements of a personal computer:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) CPU, RAM, I/O devices

2) scanner, mouse, monitor, printer

3) microprocessor, coprocessor, monitor

4) monitor, hard drive, printer

5) ALU, CU, coprocessor

Task # 20

Question:

RAM addressability means:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) the ability to store programs and data

2) the presence of a number for each cell of RAM and the ability to access it

3) discreteness of structural units of memory

4) nonvolatile memory

5) volatility of RAM

Task # 21

Question:

At runtime application program stored:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) in video memory

2) in RAM

3) in the processor

4) in ROM

5) hard drive

Task # 22

Question:

When turning off the computer information:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) erased on a floppy disk

2) disappears from persistent storage

3) erased on the hard drive

4) erased on CD

5) disappears from RAM

Task # 23

Question:

The microphone is:

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) output device sound information

3) sound information processing device

4) audio information storage device

Task # 24

Question:

The main-modular principle of the architecture of a modern personal computer implies such a logical organization of the hardware components of a computer, in which:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) each device communicates with others directly, as well as through one central backbone

2) all devices communicate with each other through a backbone that includes data, address and control buses

3) devices communicate with each other in a certain fixed sequence (ring)

4) Each device communicates with others directly

5) devices communicate with each other through the central processor, to which they are all connected

Task # 25

Question:

Acoustic speakers are:

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) sound information processing device

2) audio information input device

3) audio information storage device

4) audio information output device

Task # 26

Question:

The processor includes:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) display processor, video adapter

2) scanner, ROM

3) cache memory, video memory

4) RAM, printer

5) arithmetic logic unit, control unit, registers

Task # 27

Question:

The device is designed to enter information:

Choose one of 5 answer options:

1) monitor

2) processor

3) printer

4) keyboard

5) ROM

Task # 28

Question:

Additional keyboard is activated by the button:

Choose one of 4 answer options:

1) power

2) ScrollLock

3) CapsLock

4) NumLock

Answers:

1) Correct answer (1 b.): 4;

2) Correct answer (1 b.): 2;

3) Correct answer (1 point): 4;

4) Correct answer (1 b.): 1;

5) Correct answer (1 point): 5;

6) Correct answer (1 b.): 2;

7) Correct answer (1 point): 3;

8) Correct answer (1 b.): 1;

9) Correct answer (1 point): 5;

10) Correct answer (1 point): 3;

11) Correct answer (1 b.): 4;

12) Correct answers (1 b.): 2;

13) Correct answer (1 point): 3;

14) Correct answer (1 b.): 2;

15) Correct answer (1 b.): 1;

16) Correct answer (1 b.): 3;

17) Correct answer (1 b.): 1;

18) Correct answer (1 b.): 1;

19) Correct answer (1 b.): 1;

20) Correct answer (1 point): 2;

21) Correct answer (1 b.): 2;

22) Correct answer (1 b.): 5;

23) Correct answer (1 b.): 2;

24) Correct answer (1 b.): 2;

25) Correct answer (1 b.): 4;

26) Correct answer (1 b.): 5;

27) Correct answer (1 b.): 4;

28) Correct answer (1 b.): 4;

Test

Informatics lesson in grade 5

Lesson topic: How a computer works

Lesson Objectives:

• • Introduce students to the basic elements of a computer and their purpose

    To form the ability to work with a textbook, find and reproduce necessary information correctly name and demonstrate the main devices of a computer

    Education of cognitive need

Equipment: presentation on the topic of the lesson, computer, multimedia projector, electronic notebook, interactive whiteboard.

During the classes:

Organizing time

Activation of thinking and actualization of knowledge.

Guys, we said in the last lesson that the science of computer science is studying all kinds of ways to transfer, store and process information, and the computer helps us do this.

Why does a person need a computer? What are you using it for? How does a computer help your parents at work? What can a computer do?

(Children answer questions)

Learning new material

But in order to be able to work on a computer, you need to know what it consists of, what main devices it consists of.

Let's define the topic of our lesson. A rebus is drawn on the screen, deciphering it, you will recognize the topic. slide 1

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To

That's right, the topic of today's lesson is " How is a computer arranged?».

And let's remember what a computer looks like. An airplane, for example, looks like birds, ships look like fish. And the computer? (student answers)

That's right, a person wrote off a computer from himself. Man has transferred to the computer not physical, but his intellectual capabilities.

Guys, what is a computer, let's write down the definition:

Computer- it is universal technical means to work with information. (Model of a person working with information). slide 2

3. Explanation of the new material:How a computer works, §2.1.

So, of course, you know what a computer looks like. Many people have a computer at home, here in the informatics office there are also computers.

Teacher: Let's look at the slide (Slide 2). Main Devices computer: system unit, monitor, keyboard.

slide 3

The main thing in a computer issystem unit , which includes a processor, memory, floppy and hard disk drives, power supply.

Find a piece of text in textbooks that talks about these devices. The children take turns finding and reading aloud the information found. After each definition, a cloud appears on the slide with information about the purpose of a particular device - like a conclusion.

Processor is a device for computing, processing information and controlling the operation of a computer. All operations in the computer proceed with the participation of the processor.

slide 4 slide 5

Storage device:memory .

There are two types of memory: read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM).

V ROM instructions are stored that determine the order of operation when the computer is turned on (they are not deleted when the computer is turned off).

V RAM all programs and data necessary for the operation of the computer are placed (information exists only when the computer is turned on, after turning it off it is lost).

For long-term storage of information, long-term memory is used: magnetic disks, optical disks and other devices. Magnetic disks are rigid and flexible. Hard drives built into the system unit. They are constantly located inside the system unit. And also in system unit there is also a floppy disk drive - floppy disks. With their help, you can transfer information from one computer to another.

slide 6

used to enter information into a computerkeyboard . Additional devices are also used to enter information into the computer:

scanner, microphone, webcam, game controllers (joysticks), digital cameras, modem, etc.

Monitor used to display information on the screen. Additional devices such as a printer are also used to display information. acoustic speakers, projector, headphones, plotter (plotter).

slide 7 slide 8

In addition to these devices, there are others. Their totality isHardware computer.

slide 9 slide 10

This is how you can briefly talk about the device of a computer.

4. Fixing the material

Teacher: If there are no questions, then please remind me what main devices a computer consists of?

Teacher: What is the name of the information processing device?

Teacher: Where is information stored?

Teacher: What additional computer devices do you know?

Teacher: Well done! I see that you have learned your lesson.

Work on fixing new material on the interactive whiteboard smart board

Exercise 1. Distribute devices by purpose

Task 2. Correct mistakes

Work at the computer with electronic notebooks

5. Homework

Teacher: Let's write down the homework: Page 63, paragraph 2.1, questions for it.

Lesson on the topic "Computer device"

Lesson Objectives:

give an idea of ​​the functional purpose of computer devices;

to master the basic characteristics of computer devices;

have an idea about the functional purpose of peripheral equipment.

DURING THE CLASSES

Organizing time

Hello guys! I am very glad to see you all. Let's look into each other's eyes, smile, wish good luck and start our lesson.

A) Dividing into small groups using figures

B) Homework survey:

1. New approaches to teaching:

1.1. How many generations of computers do you know? List?

2. Test / cards /

3. Work in small groups "Computer - where do we meet him?"

II. Knowledge update

– The main components of computer devices:I/O devices, memory, processor

– What about I/O devices? (keyboard, monitor, printer, scanner, speakers )

III. Introduction to new material.

– Today in the lesson we will look at the device of a computer and consider what characteristics each device has.

( For clarity of explanation, a presentation is used - ).

So, let's dwell on each of the devices in more detail.

CPU - it essential device computer for processing information, which is located on the motherboard.
The processor is implemented in hardware on a large integrated circuit (LSI), which contains tens of millions of microswitches and is a small flat semiconductor wafer with an area of ​​several square centimeters, enclosed in a flat package with rows of metal pins (contacts).
The main purpose of the processor is to process all kinds of information and control the operation of all computer nodes.

The main characteristics of the processor:

clock frequency - the number of processor cycles per second (measured in MHz, GHz)

processor bit depth - the length of the binary code that the processor can process simultaneously.

The higher the frequency and the greater the bit depth of the processor, the greater its performance.

Motherboard is the main hardware device of a computer. It implements a highway that allows interaction between the processor and the rest of the computer components. Also on system board there are connectors for installing a processor and RAM modules: slots for connecting controllers of external devices.

Considerperipherals . These are devices with the help of which information is either entered into the computer or output from it.

Input devices:

Keyboard is used to enter textual and numeric information. Inside it there is a microcircuit - an encoder, which converts the signal from a specific key into a binary code corresponding to a given character. The standard keyboard has 104 keys and 3 light indicators in the upper right corner informing about operating modes.

Scanner designed to enter text and graphic data into a computer. Scanners are manual (which is carried out on top of the sheet) and flatbed (the sheet is placed inside the scanner).

Cursor controls are used to quickly move the cursor around the screen.

• Mouse (wired, wireless (RC, infrared and optical)

  trackball - resembles a mouse turned upside down. A ball mounted on rollers is set in motion. The trackball is commonly used in laptop computers notebook type.

  Joystick is a handle with buttons and is used, as a rule, for games and simulators.

  touch panel , is a sensitive surface coated with a special layer and associated with sensors. Touching the surface of the sensor sets the cursor in motion, the movement of which is carried out by moving the finger along the surface.

Microphone serves to input sound information into a multimedia computer.

Web camera is used to input a video image into a multimedia computer.

Information output devices:

Monitor is a universal output device.

Monitor types:

with cathode ray tube

on liquid crystals

Information on the monitor screen is presented in the form of a raster image, which is formed by their individual dots (pixels). A bitmap image consists of a separate number of lines, each of which in turn contains a certain number of points.

Image quality is determined by the resolution of the monitor, i.e. the number of points from which it is composed. The higher the resolution, the higher the image quality (1024x768, 1280x768, etc.).

Printers are used to display textual, numerical and graphic information on paper.

According to the principle of operation, printers are divided into:

percussion (matrix)

non-impact (jet and laser)

Dot matrix printers : The printhead consists of a vertical column of small rods (9 or 24) which are pushed out by a magnetic field, strike the paper through the ink ribbon and leave a line of characters. The ink ribbon will burn to be wound on spools or placed in a special box (cartridge). The cheapest printers. Print quality is not high. The average print speed is 1 minute per page.

Inkjet printers : tiny drops of ink are blown onto the paper through tiny nozzles. High quality printing. The average print speed is 1 minute per page. There are color and black and white printers.

Laser printers : ink particles are transferred from a special ink drum to paper by means of an electric field. The print quality is high. The average print speed is from 4 to 15 pages per minute. There are color and black and white printers.

Plotter (plotter) used to print drawings on paper. The image is created by a pen with colored ink moving across the sheet.

Sound card - a device for converting digital audio information recorded on discs into sounds and vice versa. To the exit sound card Connect stereo speakers and a microphone.

Modem - a special device with which individual computers can communicate with each other via the telephone network.

IV. For each question, the children answer in chorus: “That's it!” - and with a gesture show the desired movement.

How is it going? - Like this! (show thumb )

How are you going? - Like this!(“walk” with two fingers on the palm of your hand )

Are you running? - Like this! (bend their arms at the elbows and show how they work when running)

Do you sleep at night? - Like this!(put hands under the cheek, and on them - the head)

How do you take? - Like this! (make hand movements )

Do you give? - Like this! (make movements with their hands, as if they are giving something )

How are you kidding? - Like this! (puff out their cheeks and lightly slap them with their palms )

Are you threatening? - Like this! (shaking their neighbor )

V. Lesson summary

A) Work in small groups "Working with a cluster"

B) Work in small groups "Crossword solution"

B) six hats

VI. Homework

§8-9 page 32

Written answer to the questions on page 41 question 1-6

Application:

In this scheme, you need to connect the name of the devices and the name of the action that it performs with colored lines

CPU

Keyboard

Stores information

Displays information

Enters information

Processes information

Crossword

Self-assessment sheet